Download or read book Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials NORM in Oil and Gas Industry Equipment and Wastes written by United States. Department of Energy and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Natural Occurring Radioactive Materials NORM in Oil and Gas Industry Equipment and Wastes written by Gregory J. White and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material NORM in Oil and Gas Industry Equipment and Wastes written by A. S. Rood and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book NORM a Guide to Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material written by William Feathergail Wilson and published by Pennwell Books. This book was released on 1994 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text accommodates all levels of knowledge regarding naturally-occurring radioactive material. It explains what and where it is, its impact on the environment and ensuing regulations. Starting with the basics, this book covers everything from definitions to theories to concepts.
Download or read book Bulletin on Management of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials NORM in Oil Gas Production written by American Petroleum Institute. Production Dept and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials written by T.Rick Irvin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-19 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Management of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials - known in the industry as NORM -has become an important part of the regular training required for workers in oil and gas production, refinery and petrochemical manufacturing, and in certain types of mining. Proper handling of NORM-contaminated wastes and use of appropriate radiation detection and protective equipment are now understood to be important components of good worker safety programs. Until now, no practical, easy-to-read, book was available to supplement worker training courses on NORM management. Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials: Principles and Practices fills this void by providing, in a single publication, an ideal reference for industry managers, supervisors and line personnel. The book stresses the proper handling and management of NORM contaminated wastes and provides a firm understanding of the chemical properties of radioactive agents, their toxicological effects, and the appropriate containerization and disposal methods for these materials.
Download or read book Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials written by T. Rick Irvin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-04-25 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Management of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials - known in the industry as NORM -has become an important part of the regular training required for workers in oil and gas production, refinery and petrochemical manufacturing, and in certain types of mining. Proper handling of NORM-contaminated wastes and use of appropriate radiation detection and protective equipment are now understood to be important components of good worker safety programs. Until now, no practical, easy-to-read, book was available to supplement worker training courses on NORM management. Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials: Principles and Practices fills this void by providing, in a single publication, an ideal reference for industry managers, supervisors and line personnel. The book stresses the proper handling and management of NORM contaminated wastes and provides a firm understanding of the chemical properties of radioactive agents, their toxicological effects, and the appropriate containerization and disposal methods for these materials.
Download or read book Management and Disposal Alternatives for Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material NORM Wastes in Oil Production and Gas Plant Equipment written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material NORM in Oil and Gas Industry Equipment and Wastes written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Sampling and Analysis (S and A) Plan was developed for the NORM Characterization Program, and describes the information to be gained through the program, how the required information is to be collected, and the anticipated form and content of the final data. The S and A Plan provides detailed procedures describing the work to be performed, how and why the work will be performed, and who will be responsible for conducting the various aspects of the work. The S and A Plan has been prepared with input from all parties involved with the program. Where appropriate, portions of the procedures described in the S and A Plan will be field tested by personnel of the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) and the Grand Junction Project Office (GJPO), as well as representatives of the cosponsor organizations prior to their use in the field.
Download or read book Management of Norm Residues written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by International Atomic Energy Agency. This book was released on 2013-07-01 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in Petrochemicals written by Vivek Patel and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2015-09-30 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The petrochemical industry is an important area in our pursuits for economic growth, employment generation, and basic needs. It is a huge field that encompasses many commercial petrochemical and polymer-enabled products. The book is designed to help the reader, particularly students and researchers of petroleum science and engineering, to understand synthesis, processing, mechanics, and simulation of the petroleum processes. The selection of topics addressed and the examples, tables, and graphs used to illustrate them are governed, to a large extent, by the fact that this book is aimed primarily at petroleum science and engineering technologists. Undoubtedly, this book contains must read materials for students, engineers, and researchers working in the area of petrochemicals and petroleum and provides valuable insights into the related synthesis, processing, mechanisms, and simulation. This book is concise, self-explanatory, informative, and cost-effective.
Download or read book Hazardous Waste and Solid written by David H.F. Liu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-12-16 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hazardous Waste and Solid Waste covers the life of municipal solid waste, bulky (C&D) waste and hazardous waste. It provides in-depth coverage on all aspects of waste characterization, treatment, disposal, and recovery. The book identifies the sources of solid waste, provides general information of the quantities of waste generated and discarded, and examines the potential effects of solid waste on daily life and the environment. It also defines hazardous waste, and provides the criteria environmental engineers must use to determine if material is indeed a waste. The editors give attention to the unique problems of risk assessment, including the Hazard Ranking System and the National Priority List, and transport of hazardous materials. It addresses radioactivity individually, with sections devoted to the principles and sources of radioactivity, safety standards, detection, analysis, recovery, low-level radioactive waste, and high-level radioactive waste. The guide explores municipal waste reduction, material recovery and refuse-derived fuel within a catalog of options for solid waste. Hazardous and Solid Waste is an excellent fundamental resource for those involved in any aspect of waste management. Béla G. Lipták speaks on Post-Oil Energy Technology on the AT&T Tech Channel.
Download or read book Potential Radiological Doses Associated with the Disposal of Petroleum Industry NORM Via Landspreading Final Report September 1998 written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a result of oil and gas production and processing operations, naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) sometimes accumulate at elevated concentrations in by-product waste streams. The primary radionuclides of concern in NORM wastes are radium-226 of the uranium-238 decay series, and radium-228, of the thorium-232 decay series. The production waste streams most likely to be contaminated by elevated radium concentrations include produced water, scale, and sludge. Scales and sludges removed from production equipment often are disposed of by landspreading, a method in which wastes are spread over the soil surface to allow the hydrocarbon component of the wastes to degrade. In this study, the disposal of NORM-contaminated wastes by landspreading was modeled to evaluate potential radiological doses and resultant health risks to workers and the general public. A variety of future land use scenarios--including residential, industrial, recreational, and agricultural scenarios--were considered. The waste streams considered included scales and sludges containing NORM above background levels. The objectives of this study were to (1) estimate potential radiological doses to workers and the general public resulting from the disposal of NORM wastes by noncommercial landspreading activities and (2) analyze the effect of different land use scenarios on potential doses.
Download or read book Evaluation of Guidelines for Exposures to Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-02-25 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Naturally occurring radionuclides are found throughout the earth's crust, and they form part of the natural background of radiation to which all humans are exposed. Many human activities-such as mining and milling of ores, extraction of petroleum products, use of groundwater for domestic purposes, and living in houses-alter the natural background of radiation either by moving naturally occurring radionuclides from inaccessible locations to locations where humans are present or by concentrating the radionuclides in the exposure environment. Such alterations of the natural environment can increase, sometimes substantially, radiation exposures of the public. Exposures of the public to naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) that result from human activities that alter the natural environment can be subjected to regulatory control, at least to some degree. The regulation of public exposures to such technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials (TENORM) by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other regulatory and advisory organizations is the subject of this study by the National Research Council's Committee on the Evaluation of EPA Guidelines for Exposures to Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials.
Download or read book Nuclear Radioactive Materials in the Oil and Gas Industry written by Khalid Alnabhani and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-08-29 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear Radioactive Materials in the Oil and Gas Industry comprehensively discusses the TENORMs generated from various types of oil and gas processes and their associated adverse human health effects, effective TENORM waste management strategies, and the quantitative risk analysis. The book thoroughly investigates current knowledge, addressing the three main gaps identified in available studies: 1) Exposure to radioactivity, 2) High volume waste as a source of radiation exposure, and 3) A lack of uniform, international safety regulations. This book offers researchers, scientists and graduate and undergraduate students a comprehensive and well-researched reference that covers fundamental concepts, problem identification and solutions development. It is an ideal, comprehensive guideline for professionals involved in the oil and gas and nuclear industries who are concerned about radiological issues. Demystifies NORM and TENORM concepts and redefines TENORM from technical and nuclear scientific perspectives Addresses statistically representative data of quantitative risk assessment and dynamic accident modeling Stresses the need for legislation and consistency of safety standards relating to radiological risks posed by TENORM on health and the environment
Download or read book Radiation Protection and Safety of Radiation Sources written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication is the new edition of the International Basic Safety Standards. The edition is co-sponsored by seven other international organizations European Commission (EC/Euratom), FAO, ILO, OECD/NEA, PAHO, UNEP and WHO. It replaces the interim edition that was published in November 2011 and the previous edition of the International Basic Safety Standards which was published in 1996. It has been extensively revised and updated to take account of the latest finding of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, and the latest recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. The publication details the requirements for the protection of people and the environment from harmful effects of ionizing radiation and for the safety of radiation sources. All circumstances of radiation exposure are considered.
Download or read book Dose Assessment for Management Alternatives for NORM contaminated Equipment Within the Petroleum Industry written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contamination of drilling and production equipment by naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) is a growing concern for the petroleum industry and regulators. Large volumes of NORM-contaminated scrap metal are generated by the industry each year. The contamination generally occurs as surface contamination on the interior of water-handling equipment. The source of this contamination is accumulation of by-product wastes, in the form of scale and sludge contaminated with NORM that are generated by extraction processes. The primary radionuclides of concern in petroleum industry NORM-wastes are radium-226 (Ra-226), and radium-228 (Ra-228). These isotopes are members of the uranium-238 and thorium-232 decay series, respectively. The uranium and thorium isotopes, which are naturally present in the subsurface formations from which hydrocarbons are extracted, are largely immobile and remain in the subsurface. The more soluble radium can become mobilized in the formation water and be transported to the surface in the produced water waste stream. The radium either remains in solution or precipitates in scale or sludge deposits, depending on water salinity and on temperature and pressure phase changes. NORM-containing scale consists of radium that has coprecipitated with barium, calcium, or strontium sulfates, and sludge typically consists of radium-containing silicates and carbonates. This assessment is limited to the evaluation of potential radiological doses from management options that specifically involve recycle and reuse of contaminated metal. Doses from disposal of contaminated equipment are not addressed. Radiological doses were estimated for workers and the general public for equipment decontamination and smelting. Results of this assessment can be used to examine policy issues concerning the regulation and management of NORM-contaminated wastes generated by the petroleum industry.
