Download or read book Natural Catastrophes During Bronze Age Civilisations written by Benny Josef Peiser and published by BAR International Series. This book was released on 1998 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Collection of quirky papers from the second Society for Interdisciplinary Studies Catastrophists' Convention held in Cambridge in 1997. The papers bring together thoughts from a wide range of disciplines - physics, astronomy, archaeology, geology, and anthropology - and from around the world.
Download or read book 1177 B C written by Eric H. Cline and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2015-09-22 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A bold reassessment of what caused the Late Bronze Age collapse In 1177 B.C., marauding groups known only as the "Sea Peoples" invaded Egypt. The pharaoh's army and navy managed to defeat them, but the victory so weakened Egypt that it soon slid into decline, as did most of the surrounding civilizations. After centuries of brilliance, the civilized world of the Bronze Age came to an abrupt and cataclysmic end. Kingdoms fell like dominoes over the course of just a few decades. No more Minoans or Mycenaeans. No more Trojans, Hittites, or Babylonians. The thriving economy and cultures of the late second millennium B.C., which had stretched from Greece to Egypt and Mesopotamia, suddenly ceased to exist, along with writing systems, technology, and monumental architecture. But the Sea Peoples alone could not have caused such widespread breakdown. How did it happen? In this major new account of the causes of this "First Dark Ages," Eric Cline tells the gripping story of how the end was brought about by multiple interconnected failures, ranging from invasion and revolt to earthquakes, drought, and the cutting of international trade routes. Bringing to life the vibrant multicultural world of these great civilizations, he draws a sweeping panorama of the empires and globalized peoples of the Late Bronze Age and shows that it was their very interdependence that hastened their dramatic collapse and ushered in a dark age that lasted centuries. A compelling combination of narrative and the latest scholarship, 1177 B.C. sheds new light on the complex ties that gave rise to, and ultimately destroyed, the flourishing civilizations of the Late Bronze Age—and that set the stage for the emergence of classical Greece.
Download or read book Voices of the Rocks written by Robert M. Schoch and published by Harmony. This book was released on 1999 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Could the Egyptian Sphinx have been built many centuries earlier than conventional history would have us believe? Could the great natural disasters that propelled the evolution of life on Earth have played a dominant role as well in the rise and fall of civilizations? Could Earth have been home to civilizations far greater in number -- and far older -- than orthodox researchers have suspected? In Voices of the Rocks, Dr. Robert M. Schoch examines these and other crucial questions about our past and shows how the answers can guide us in the future. In 1990, Robert Schoch, a scientist and tenured university professor, traveled to Egypt and conducted geological testing to evaluate the accepted date for the construction of the Great Sphinx of Giza. His research revealed that the Sphinx is actually thousands of years older than previously supposed, a discovery that upended the standard history of ancient Egypt. Following the intellectual trail uncovered by his redating of the Sphinx, Schoch became convinced that we are in the midst of a profound scientific paradigm shift. The predominant notion that our species inhabits a slow-changing, steady-state planet is falling by the wayside. Instead, we are coming to see that the history of Earth, all living beings, and human civilizations comprises a series of stops and starts, in which equilibrium abruptly ends during a sudden severe catastrophe, like the extraterrestrial impact that initiated the extinction of the dinosaurs. Meteors, asteroids, and comets are potential sources of such disasters, as are shifts in Earth's axis, movements of the continents, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes. According to Dr. Schoch, Earth'slong, catastrophic history has obscured and obliterated evidence of lost civilizations. But the traces remain for those who know where to look and what to look for. At its core, Voices of the Rocks is the story of Schoch's own search, his fascinating discoveries, and the warnings we must heed if we wish to survive whatever catastrophes the future has in store for us.
Download or read book World Without End written by Ian Whyte and published by I.B. Tauris. This book was released on 2008-03-30 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When the Aegean island of Thera was blown apart in the Bronze Age by a volcanic explosion larger than that of Krakatoa the scale of the disaster was so great some believe it to have inspired the legend of Atlantis. When the conquistadors arrived in central America they found the civilization of the Maya - one of the most advanced societies of the ancient world, with a population of around 15 million at its peak - reduced to a few hundred thousand. What had happened? At the end of the Pleistocene period more than two-thirds of the large mammal species of North America disappeared within a period of five hundred years. Why?The author shows how environmental historians are piecing together evidence from a wide range of sources to build up a picture of what happened to these past societies and how they coped - or did not - with major episodes of climatic change and natural disaster. At a time when we are more than ever conscious of the detrimental effect we have had upon the environment. "World Without End?" provides a salutary tale for our continuing survival.
Download or read book Perilous Planet Earth written by Trevor Palmer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-06-12 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A readable account of the history of natural disasters throughout history.
Download or read book The Sea Peoples written by Nancy K. Sandars and published by Thames & Hudson. This book was released on 1985 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Draws upon archaeological findings to reveal the nature and origins of the seafaring peoples who nearly destroyed East Mediterranean civilization in the thirteenth century B.C
Download or read book Surviving Sudden Environmental Change written by Jago Cooper and published by University Press of Colorado. This book was released on 2012-02-01 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Archaeologists have long encountered evidence of natural disasters through excavation and stratigraphy. In Surviving Sudden Environmental Change, case studies examine how eight different past human communities—ranging from Arctic to equatorial regions, from tropical rainforests to desert interiors, and from deep prehistory to living memory—faced, and coped with, such dangers. Many disasters originate from a force of nature, such as an earthquake, cyclone, tsunami, volcanic eruption, drought, or flood. But that is only half of the story; decisions of people and their particular cultural lifeways are the rest. Sociocultural factors are essential in understanding risk, impact, resilience, reactions, and recoveries from massive sudden environmental changes. By using deep-time perspectives provided by interdisciplinary approaches, this book provides a rich temporal background to the human experience of environmental hazards and disasters. In addition, each chapter is followed by an abstract summarizing the important implications for today’s management practices and providing recommendations for policy makers. Publication supported in part by the National Science Foundation.
Download or read book The Destruction of Civilization about 10 500 B C written by Martin K. Ettington and published by Martin K. Ettington. This book was released on with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is much of human history which we don’t know due to lost records, the oceans covering our ancestor’s cities, natural disasters, and reasons we don’t know. There are also many anomalies which have been found showing ruins and objects from the far past which should not exist. Some of the Historical Facts this book is based on: Plato said that Atlantis was destroyed 9,000 years before his time in Greece. Plato lived in 433 B.C. which would have meant Atlantis was destroyed 9,433 years B.C. or 11,433 years before the current age. The Younger Dryas Period in History was between roughly 12,900 and 11,600 years ago according to paleontologists and archeologists. Many researchers think this period of climate change resulted from comets hitting the Earth at this time. The Vulture Stone at Gobekli Tepe which some scientists have interpreted as having a record of comets hitting the Earth about 11,000 B.C. My study on ancient history has led me to write a number of books on the topic which can be found on my website at this link: https://mkettingtonbooks.com/ancient-history.html The above facts and all of my research has led me to conclude that there were ancient world spanning civilizations which existed and were destroyed on the Earth in the 9,000 B.C. to 11,000 B.C period. There may have been earlier civilizations too, but the focus of this book is on that time period. The following chapters review some of the evidence of these ancient civilizations which existed at these same very ancient times.
Download or read book World Without End written by Ian Whyte and published by I.B. Tauris. This book was released on 2008-03-30 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Ian Whyte ranges over 12,000 years of the Earth's history to explore some of the intriguing mysteries surrounding the fate of past civilisations. What did happen to the Maya? Did the eruption of Thera cause the subsequent collapse of Minoan civilisation in nearby Crete? Does the landscape of the modern Mediterranean belie a lost Eden, where once-fertile landscapes and tall forests were ruined by human activity? The author shows how environmental historians are piecing together evidence from a wide range of sources to build up a picture of what happened to these past societies and how they coped - or did not - with major episodes of climatic change and natural disaster. Were they the victims of major environmental change or did they bring about their own downfall? Why did some societies survive yet others fail? And what can we learn from them that may help us cope with modern-day environmental issues?" --Book Jacket.
Download or read book The End of the Bronze Age written by Robert Drews and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-03-31 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bronze Age came to a close early in the twelfth century b.c. with one of the worst calamities in history: over a period of several decades, destruction descended upon key cities throughout the Eastern Mediterranean, bringing to an end the Levantine, Hittite, Trojan, and Mycenaean kingdoms and plunging some lands into a dark age that would last more than four hundred years. In his attempt to account for this destruction, Robert Drews rejects the traditional explanations and proposes a military one instead.
Download or read book Understanding Collapse written by Guy D. Middleton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-06-26 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this lively survey, Guy D. Middleton critically examines our ideas about collapse - how we explain it and how we have constructed potentially misleading myths around collapses - showing how and why collapse of societies was a much more complex phenomenon than is often admitted.
Download or read book Destruction and Its Impact on Ancient Societies at the End of the Bronze Age written by Jesse Millek and published by Lockwood Press. This book was released on 2023-02-15 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers a groundbreaking reassessment of the destructions that allegedly occurred at sites across the eastern Mediterranean at the end of the Late Bronze Age, and challenges the numerous grand theories that have been put forward to account for them. The author demonstrates that earthquakes, warfare, and destruction all played a much smaller role in this period than the literature of the past several decades has claimed, and makes the case that the end of the Late Bronze Age was a far less dramatic and more protracted process than is generally believed.
Download or read book 1177 B C written by Eric H. Cline and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-02-02 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A bold reassessment of what caused the Late Bronze Age collapse In 1177 B.C., marauding groups known only as the "Sea Peoples" invaded Egypt. The pharaoh's army and navy managed to defeat them, but the victory so weakened Egypt that it soon slid into decline, as did most of the surrounding civilizations. After centuries of brilliance, the civilized world of the Bronze Age came to an abrupt and cataclysmic end. Kingdoms fell like dominoes over the course of just a few decades. No more Minoans or Mycenaeans. No more Trojans, Hittites, or Babylonians. The thriving economy and cultures of the late second millennium B.C., which had stretched from Greece to Egypt and Mesopotamia, suddenly ceased to exist, along with writing systems, technology, and monumental architecture. But the Sea Peoples alone could not have caused such widespread breakdown. How did it happen? In this major new account of the causes of this "First Dark Ages," Eric Cline tells the gripping story of how the end was brought about by multiple interconnected failures, ranging from invasion and revolt to earthquakes, drought, and the cutting of international trade routes. Bringing to life the vibrant multicultural world of these great civilizations, he draws a sweeping panorama of the empires and globalized peoples of the Late Bronze Age and shows that it was their very interdependence that hastened their dramatic collapse and ushered in a dark age that lasted centuries. A compelling combination of narrative and the latest scholarship, 1177 B.C. sheds new light on the complex ties that gave rise to, and ultimately destroyed, the flourishing civilizations of the Late Bronze Age—and that set the stage for the emergence of classical Greece.
Download or read book Apocalypse written by Amos Nur and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-09-14 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What if Troy was not destroyed in the epic battle immortalized by Homer? What if many legendary cities of the ancient world did not meet their ends through war and conquest as archaeologists and historians believe, but in fact were laid waste by a force of nature so catastrophic that religions and legends describe it as the wrath of god? Apocalypse brings the latest scientific evidence to bear on biblical accounts, mythology, and the archaeological record to explore how ancient and modern earthquakes have shaped history--and, for some civilizations, seemingly heralded the end of the world. Archaeologists are trained to seek human causes behind the ruins they study. Because of this, the subtle clues that indicate earthquake damage are often overlooked or even ignored. Amos Nur bridges the gap that for too long has separated archaeology and seismology. He examines tantalizing evidence of earthquakes at some of the world's most famous archaeological sites in the Mediterranean and elsewhere, including Troy, Jericho, Knossos, Mycenae, Armageddon, Teotihuacán, and Petra. He reveals what the Bible, the Iliad, and other writings can tell us about the seismic calamities that may have rocked the ancient world. He even explores how earthquakes may have helped preserve the Dead Sea Scrolls. As Nur shows, recognizing earthquake damage in the shifted foundations and toppled arches of historic ruins is vital today because the scientific record of world earthquake risks is still incomplete. Apocalypse explains where and why ancient earthquakes struck--and could strike again.
Download or read book 1177 B C written by Eric H. Cline and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-02-02 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A bold reassessment of what caused the Late Bronze Age collapse In 1177 B.C., marauding groups known only as the "Sea Peoples" invaded Egypt. The pharaoh's army and navy managed to defeat them, but the victory so weakened Egypt that it soon slid into decline, as did most of the surrounding civilizations. After centuries of brilliance, the civilized world of the Bronze Age came to an abrupt and cataclysmic end. Kingdoms fell like dominoes over the course of just a few decades. No more Minoans or Mycenaeans. No more Trojans, Hittites, or Babylonians. The thriving economy and cultures of the late second millennium B.C., which had stretched from Greece to Egypt and Mesopotamia, suddenly ceased to exist, along with writing systems, technology, and monumental architecture. But the Sea Peoples alone could not have caused such widespread breakdown. How did it happen? In this major new account of the causes of this "First Dark Ages," Eric Cline tells the gripping story of how the end was brought about by multiple interconnected failures, ranging from invasion and revolt to earthquakes, drought, and the cutting of international trade routes. Bringing to life the vibrant multicultural world of these great civilizations, he draws a sweeping panorama of the empires and globalized peoples of the Late Bronze Age and shows that it was their very interdependence that hastened their dramatic collapse and ushered in a dark age that lasted centuries. A compelling combination of narrative and the latest scholarship, 1177 B.C. sheds new light on the complex ties that gave rise to, and ultimately destroyed, the flourishing civilizations of the Late Bronze Age—and that set the stage for the emergence of classical Greece.
Download or read book The Tragic End of the Bronze Age written by Tom Slattery and published by iUniverse. This book was released on 2000 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A catastrophe of unimaginable proportions struck in the middle of the twelfth century BC and with a sudden swiftness brought Old World civilizations to an abrupt end. This initiated the world’s longest and deepest known dark age. When the world finally recovered centuries later, new written languages had replaced old ones, a new strategic and useful metal had replaced the old one, and the historical reality of the old civilizations had been replaced by yore and myth invented from fragments passed down through the barrier of the long deep dark age. Some of these fragments, and possibly some references to the catastrophe itself, may be found in the Old Testament and in ancient Greek literature. Out of the fragmented preserved memories, and stories built around them, we became what we are today.
Download or read book Collapse of the Bronze Age written by Manuel Robbins and published by iUniverse. This book was released on 2001 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: His Majesty being powerful, his heart stout, none could stand before him.. All his territory was ablaze with fire, and he burned every foriegn country with his hot breath. Egyptian Pharaoh Ramesses II. The bowmen of His Majesty spent six hours of destruction among them. They were delivered to the sword. Egyptian Pharaoh Merneptah. May my father know the enemy ships came. My cities were burned and evil things were done in my country. King of the city of Ugarit to the king of Cyprus. Since there is famine in your house we will starve to death...The living soul of your country you will see no longer. To a Hittite offical stationed in Ugarit. Israel is laid waste, his seed is not. Pharaoh Merneptah. Pharaoh's chariots and his army He cast into the Sea...Book of Exodus. Egypt was adrift and every man was thrown out of his right. There was no leader for years..Pharaoh Ramesses IV. As they (the Sea Peoples) were coming forward toward Egypt, their hearts relying upon their hands, a net was prepared for them....My strong arm has overthrown those who came to exalt themselves. Pharaoh Ramesses III. [of the Greeks] These were destroyed by their own hands and passed to the dank house of chill Hades. Greek writer Hesiod. Returning to Luxor, Egypt, by Nile ship. The author has visited many of the significant archaeological sites mentioned in this book. Front cover, top, Troy VI by Lloyd K. Townsend, bottom, Pharaoh Thotmose IV.
