Download or read book Natural Attenuation of Fuels and Chlorinated Solvents in the Subsurface written by Todd H. Wiedemeier and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1999-03-08 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive guide to one of today's most innovative approaches to environmental contamination Natural attenuation is gaining increasing attention as a nonintrusive, cost-effective alternative to standard remediation techniques for environmental contamination. This landmark work presents the first in-depth examination of the theory, mechanisms, and application of natural attenuation. Written by four internationally recognized leaders in this approach, the book describes both biotic and abiotic natural attenuation processes, focusing on two of the environmental contaminants most frequently encountered in groundwater--fuels and chlorinated solvents. The authors draw on a wealth of combined experience to detail successful techniques for simulating natural attenuation processes and predicting their effectiveness in the field. They also show how natural attenuation works in the real world, using numerous examples and case studies from a wide range of leading-edge projects nationwide involving fuel hydrocarbons and chlorinated solvents. Finally, they discuss the evaluation and assessment of natural attenuation and explore the design of long-term monitoring programs. An indispensable reference for anyone working in environmental remediation, Natural Attenuation of Fuels and Chlorinated Solvents in the Subsurface is essential reading for scientists and engineers in a range of industries, as well as state and federal environmental regulators, and professors and graduate students in environmental or chemical engineering.

Download or read book Proceedings of the Symposium on Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Organics in Ground Water written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1996 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Solvents Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Other Organic Compounds written by Bruce C. Alleman and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural attenuation was first demonstrated at sites with hydrocarbon contamination, but recent studies at sites contaminated by chlorinated compounds have shown that this approach often has merit for these more challenging contamination problems. This volume covers natural attenuation in media ranging from deep aquifers to shallow soils, and for contaminants ranging from fuels to solvents to herbicides, and offers the reader a comprehensive overview of case studies that represent the state of the art in natural attenuation approaches to site remediation.

Download or read book Natural Attenuation for Groundwater Remediation written by Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-08-31 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade, officials responsible for clean-up of contaminated groundwater have increasingly turned to natural attenuation-essentially allowing naturally occurring processes to reduce the toxic potential of contaminants-versus engineered solutions. This saves both money and headaches. To the people in surrounding communities, though, it can appear that clean-up officials are simply walking away from contaminated sites. When is natural attenuation the appropriate approach to a clean-up? This book presents the consensus of a diverse committee, informed by the views of researchers, regulators, and community activists. The committee reviews the likely effectiveness of natural attenuation with different classes of contaminants-and describes how to evaluate the "footprints" of natural attenuation at a site to determine whether natural processes will provide adequate clean-up. Included are recommendations for regulatory change. The committee emphasizes the importance of the public's belief and attitudes toward remediation and provides guidance on involving community stakeholders throughout the clean-up process. The book explores how contamination occurs, explaining concepts and terms, and includes case studies from the Hanford nuclear site, military bases, as well as other sites. It provides historical background and important data on clean-up processes and goes on to offer critical reviews of 14 published protocols for evaluating natural attenuation.

Download or read book Technical Protocol for Evaluating Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Solvents in Groundwater Revision 1 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past several years remediation by natural attenuation has become increasingly accepted as a remedial alternative for organic compounds dissolved in groundwater. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) defines natural attenuation as (OSWER, 1996): The term 'Natural Attenuation' refers to naturally-occurring processes in soil and groundwater environments that act without human intervention to reduce the mass, toxicity, mobility, volume, or concentration of contaminants in those media. These in-situ processes include biodegradation, dispersion, dilution, adsorption, volatilization, and chemical or biological stabilization or destruction of contaminants. In practice, natural attenuation also is referred to by several other names, such as intrinsic remediation, intrinsic bioremediation, natural restoration, or passive bioremediation. The goal of any site characterization effort is to understand the fate and transport of the contaminants of concern over time in order to assess any current or potential threat to human health or the environment. Natural attenuation processes, such as biodegradation, can often be dominant factors in the fate and transport of contaminants. Thus, consideration and quantification of natural attenuation is essential to a more thorough understanding of contaminant fate and transport.

Download or read book Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Solvents in Subarctic Ground Water written by Sharon Alice Richmond and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Little is known about natural attenuation of chlorinated solvents in subarctic ground water. This study aimed to better understand the biogeochemistry and microbiology associated with naturally occurring processes of contaminent removal at two hydrologically diverse sites near Fairbanks, Alaska. Six Mile Village, located several km north of the Tanana River, is hydrologically stable, experiencing minor fluctuations in ground-water levels. Fort Wainwright is located adjacent to the Chena River and is hydrologically dynamic, experiencing seasonal flow reversals and substantial fluctuations in water-table elevations. By comparing data collected seasonally and with data collected at the two sites, I determined how ground-water/surface-water interactions affected in situ redox conditions and, hence, natural attenuation processes. A portion of the aquifer at Fort Wainwright was undergoing active treatment so I was also able to compare differences in chlorinated solvent transformations in treated and untreated ground water. Although ground water at Fort Wainwright was generally more oxidized than ground water at Six Mile Village, hydrogen concentrations at both sites were almost uniformly within ranges suggestive of iron or manganese reduction. However, aquifer sediments in the Tanana/Chena Alluvium are composed of mafic (containing reduced iron and manganese) minerals; suspended ferric iron appeared to result from oxidation of ferrous iron as ground water rose through the unsaturated zone. Sulfate concentrations were substantial and dissolved sulfide in most samples suggested that sulfate reduction might have been an important process. Calculated in situ Gibbs free energies for iron and sulfate reduction were energetically favorable at both sites; given other geochemical data, it seems likely these two processes co-occurred. Although methane was present in most samples, methanogenesis from H2/CO2 was generally not energetically feasible at either site. Methane likely diffused from underlying permafrost or peat. The presence of less chlorinated intermediates of solvent degradation suggested that biological reductive dechlorination occurred, providing further support that sulfate-reducing conditions existed. However, low rates of microbial activity, incomplete degradation and persistence of contaminants imply that biologically mediated mechanisms did not likely represent an important contribution to natural attenuation of contaminants at either site where dilution appeared to be a major attenuation mechanism"--Leaves iii-iv.

Download or read book Chlorinated Solvent Source Zone Remediation written by Bernard H. Kueper and published by Springer Science & Business. This book was released on 2014-04-22 with total page 759 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this book is to help engineers and scientists better understand dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) contamination of groundwater and the methods and technology used for characterization and remediation. Remediation of DNAPL source zones is very difficult and controversial and must be based on state-of-the-art knowledge of the behavior (transport and fate) of nonaqueous phase liquids in the subsurface and site specific geology, chemistry and hydrology. This volume is focused on the characterization and remediation of nonaqueous phase chlorinated solvents and it is hoped that mid-level engineers and scientists will find this book helpful in understanding the current state-of-practice of DNAPL source zone management and remediation.

Download or read book The Analysis of the Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Solvents in Groundwater at the Former Westinghouse Site in Bloomfield New Jersey written by Deborah J. Katchen and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book In Situ Remediation of Chlorinated Solvent Plumes written by Hans F. Stroo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-10 with total page 807 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the late 1970s and early 1980s, our nation began to grapple with the legacy of past disposal practices for toxic chemicals. With the passage in 1980 of the Comprehensive Envir- mental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA), commonly known as Sup- fund, it became the law of the land to remediate these sites. The U. S. Department of Defense (DoD), the nation’s largest industrial organization, also recognized that it too had a legacy of contaminated sites. Historic operations at Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps facilities, ranges, manufacturing sites, shipyards, and depots had resulted in widespread contamination of soil, groundwater, and sediment. While Superfund began in 1980 to focus on remediation of heavily contaminated sites largely abandoned or neglected by the private sector, the DoD had already initiated its Installation Restoration Program in the mid-1970s. In 1984, the DoD began the Defense Environmental Restoration Program (DERP) for contaminated site assessment and remediation. Two years later, the U. S. Congress codified the DERP and directed the Secretary of Defense to carry out a concurrent program of research, development, and demonstration of innovative remediation technologies. As chronicled in the 1994 National Research Council report, “Ranking Hazardous-Waste Sites for Remedial Action,” our early estimates on the cost and suitability of existing techn- ogies for cleaning up contaminated sites were wildly optimistic. Original estimates, in 1980, projected an average Superfund cleanup cost of a mere $3.

Download or read book Underd nigt bet nkande och f rslag written by and published by . This book was released on 1893 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Solvents in Groundwater Principles and Practices written by Interstate Technology and Regulation Cooperations Work Group. In Situ Bioremediation Work Team and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Technical Protocol for Evaluating Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Solvents in Ground Water written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Monitored Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Solvents written by Mary Joann Thurman and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Capstone objectives are: 1) Analyze the potential for monitored natural attenuation to achieve the site-specific risk-based clean up goals for 1,1,1-Trichloroethane (TCA) and 1,1-Dichloroethene(1,1-DCE). One expected degradation pathway for TCA is: TCA U+2026.. 1,1-DCEU+2026U+2026..Vinyl ChlorideU+2026..CO2. 2) Compare the cost difference between Monitored Natural Attenuation and Traditional Pump-and-treat remediation strategies.

Download or read book Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Ethenes by Anaerobic Reductive Dechlorination Coupled with Aerobic Cometabolism written by DEREK. VEERKAMP and published by . This book was released on 1999-03-01 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chlorinated solvents and their daughter products are the most common contaminants of groundwater at industrial and military facilities in the United States. Limitations of conventional technologies have intensified efforts to find alternative methods to remediate contaminated sites to regulatory goals set by CERCLA. Natural attenuation of chlorinated solvents is a promising alternative to traditional pump and treat methods but has not been well understood or widely accepted. This modeling study investigated the ability of TCE to completely degrade under various aquifer conditions and rate order constants. It also examined a case study of a former landfill site at Moody AFB. We found unusually high flow of ground water by advection or dispersion inhibits the complete degradation of TCE. High concentrations of sulfate or nitrate inhibit the creation of methanogenic conditions and therefore inhibit reductive dechlorination of TCE. We also found an electron donor co-contaminant a critical factor for the complete destruction of TCE because it creates anaerobic conditions. The model illustrated a possible explanation for the lack of down gradient contaminants at the landfill site may be the coupling of reductive dechlorination and cometabolism naturally attenuation the contaminants.

Download or read book Technical Protocol for Evaluating Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Solvents in Groundwater written by Todd H. Wiedemeier and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Assessment of the Potential for Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Solvents in Contaminated Groundwater in the Texas High Plains written by Amandeep Singh Kang and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Engineered Approaches to in Situ Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvents written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2000 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: