Download or read book NATO s Nuclear Deterrence Posture and Baltic Security written by Paul Ingram and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: BASIC and ICDS convened a roundtable on 15th March in Tallinn, Estonia to discuss the dimensions involved in NATO's deterrence and defence posture review. The current reality is that the risk of nuclear war has evaporated and Russia is a partner; yet there remain strong suspicions amongst some allies of Russia's intentions, the commitment to nuclear deterrence remains universal amongst NATO's members, and the Strategic Concept implies continued commitment to the deployment of US theatre nuclear weapons (TNWs) in Europe, though it is not explicit. What lies behind this commitment, and what is the role for these nuclear weapons? The roundtable surfaced a number of diverging perspectives on some of the inescapable contradictions involved in NATO's deterrent posture. Theatre nuclear weapons deployed within Europe are generally assumed to strengthen Alliance security by deterring external threat. However, the confusion over scenarios and secrecy surrounding their deployment (few are aware they remain and their location and numbers are classified) must reduce that deterrence and the strength of public support for deployment at a time of budget pressure. Although NATO staff and militaries plan for the deployment of nuclear weapons in regular joint exercises, there are no genuinely credible scenarios in which the politics could support the deployment of NATO's theatre nuclear weapons in a crisis, further weakening the credibility of their deterrent value. The deployment of nuclear weapons in Europe is seen widely as a glue to strengthen Alliance cohesion and burden sharing, but increasing domestic pressures in some states may mean these deployments only highlight radically different attitudes to nuclear weapons and drive the allies apart. This negative impact could come to a head if certain allies block the evolution of Alliance policy and host Parliaments block investment in modernized systems. In simple terms, it is clear that member states and their populations remain keen on membership of an Alliance that can provide security, and that nuclear weapons are often assumed to play an important role in providing the ultimate guarantee for the Alliance. The debates within the Alliance have not been on whether it should retain a nuclear deterrence posture, but rather how much and how quickly that posture and force structure can evolve in a diplomatic environment where there are significant calls to move away from any dependence on nuclear weapons. Digging below the surface we found a level of complexity and disagreement that was hard to overcome. But they are inescapable. The current compromise that attempts to use NATO's theatre nuclear weapons as a bargaining chip simply weakens the Alliance in its negotiations with Russia in the immediate term, and threatens cohesion in the longer term.
Download or read book The Future of Extended Deterrence written by Stéfanie von Hlatky and published by Georgetown University Press. This book was released on 2015-08-04 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are NATO’s mutual security commitments strong enough today to deter all adversaries? Is the nuclear umbrella as credible as it was during the Cold War? Backed by the full range of US and allied military capabilities, NATO’s mutual defense treaty has been enormously successful, but today’s commitments are strained by military budget cuts and antinuclear sentiment. The United States has also shifted its focus away from European security during the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq and more recently with the Asia rebalance. Will a resurgent Russia change this? The Future of Extended Deterrence brings together experts and scholars from the policy and academic worlds to provide a theoretically rich and detailed analysis of post–Cold War nuclear weapons policy, nuclear deterrence, alliance commitments, nonproliferation, and missile defense in NATO but with implications far beyond. The contributors analyze not only American policy and ideas but also the ways NATO members interpret their own continued political and strategic role in the alliance. In-depth and multifaceted, The Future of Extended Deterrence is an essential resource for policy practitioners and scholars of nuclear deterrence, arms control, missile defense, and the NATO alliance.
Download or read book The Future Of Deterrence written by Robbin F Laird and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-07-11 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The editors would like to express their thanks to a number of colleagues whose insights and comments contributed to the development of the book. Among those who were particularly helpful were Robert Nurick, Vic Utgoff, Mike Clarke, Jorg Baldouf, Jean Chabaud, John Roper, Edwina Moreton, Lawrence Freedman, Francois Heisbourg, and Harley Balzer. We are particularly grateful to General William Y. Smith, President of the Institute for Defense Analyses, for his intellectual encouragement.
Download or read book Tactical Nuclear Weapons and Euro Atlantic Security written by Paolo Foradori and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-07-18 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive examination of the important security issue of tactical nuclear weapons in Europe. Nuclear nonproliferation and disarmament have returned to the top of the international political agenda. The issue assumes particular importance in regard to NATO, given that some 150–200 US tactical nuclear weapons (TNWs) are still present in five countries belonging to the Alliance (Belgium, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Turkey). The past few years have seen animated debate in the United States and Europe on the role of such weapons in the current scenario of international security, and whether they can be further reduced or completely removed from Europe. Bringing together leading scholars and analysts of TNW with country-specific competences, this volume improves our understanding of this debate by providing in-depth analysis of the presence, role, perceived value and destiny of TNWs in Europe. The book addresses the issue in a systematic manner, taking into account the perspectives of all main actors directly or indirectly involved in the debate. This approach provides new and important insights that can inform both theoretical and policy work on a very critical and timely international issue, especially during the ongoing review of NATO's deterrence and defence posture. This book will be of much interest to students of European politics, European security, nuclear proliferation, and IR in general.
Download or read book Roundtable Revising NATO s Nuclear Deterrence Posture written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a result, NATO's nuclear posture and its role in arms control, disarmament and nonproliferation will be the focus of discussions among Allies in the coming twelve months, leading up to the 2012 NATO summit in the United States. [...] Nuclear issues will be discussed in the context of the ongoing dialogue both within the Alliance and with Russia on a European based missile defense strategy, and proposals to restart the CFE process. [...] NATO has also made clear in November 2010 that changes in its nuclear posture, and in particular changes in the deployment of tactical nuclear weapons in Europe will depend on Russian reciprocity. [...] The seminar will provide an opportunity to take stock of discussions on NATO's nuclear policy around Europe to consider NATO's future nuclear posture in the context of discussion about a strategic missile defense system for the Alliance, and NATO-Russia relations to debate NATO's role in nuclear arms control, disarmament and nonproliferation. [...] Vegard Ellefsen, Permanent Representative of Norway to NATO (confirmed) The impact of Russia's nuclear posture and NATO's deterrence posture Amb.
Download or read book The John Wayne Collection Rated PG 13 1102 written by and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tactical Nuclear Weapons and NATO written by Douglas T. Stuart and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: is understudied, both inside and outside of government. Tactical weapons, although less awesome than their strategic siblings, carry significant security and political risks, and they have not received the attention that is commensurate to their importance. Second, it is clear that whatever the future of these arms, the status quo is unacceptable. It is past the time for NATO to make more resolute decisions, find a coherent strategy, and formulate more definite plans about its nuclear status. Consequently, decisions about the role of nuclear weapons within the Alliance and the associated supporting analysis are fundamental to the future identity of NATO. At the Lisbon Summit in Portugal in November 2010, the Alliance agreed to conduct the Deterrence and Defense Posture Review (DDPR). This effort is designed to answer these difficult questions prior to the upcoming NATO Summit in May 2012.
Download or read book Nato s Deterrence and Defense Posture written by Naval Postgraduate School and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-06-18 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On 25-27 June 2012 the NATO Defense College, the NATO Nuclear PolicyDirectorate, and the U.S. Naval Postgraduate School Center on Contemporary Conflict convened a workshop at the NATO Defense College in Rome concerning the future of NATO's deterrence and defense posture in light of the decisions taken at the Alliance's summit meeting in Chicago in May 2012. Much of the discussion focused on the Deterrence and Defense Posture Review (DDPR) approved by the Allies at the Chicago Summit.Some workshop participants expressed reservations about a fundamental premise of the DDPR — that the Allies should define an “appropriate mix” of nuclear, conventional, and missile defense capabilities. Some participants argued that missile defense is burdened by questions about its effectiveness and cost, while “conventional deterrence” is threatened by cutbacks in defense spending in the current and potentially long-lasting financial crisis. In this situation, the Allies will be faced with the choice of continuing torely on nuclear deterrence or seeing deterrence undermined.Many workshop participants said that NATO's nuclear-sharing arrangementsremain important for deterrence and assurance within the Alliance. The life extension program for the B-61 gravity bomb and the modernization of dual-capable aircraft remain central issues for the future of NATO's nuclear deterrence posture.Several participants said that the DDPR's focus on nuclear, conventional, and missile defense capabilities was “too narrow” and that future assessments of the Alliance's capability requirements must take the cyber and space dimensions into account. Should the Alliance specify a threshold of damage that would provoke retaliation in these domains? Current U.S. policy has been not to specify “red lines” or possible retaliatory responses, in order to promote uncertainty in the assessments of adversary leaders.Participants agreed that strategic communication is essential for credibility and effective deterrence and crisis management, and some participants analyzed how messages may be misinterpreted by potential adversaries. Instead of identifying potential adversaries in publicly articulated threat assessments, the Alliance has opted to concentrate on “generic” scenarios and planning situations. The Allies have found this approach to be advantageous for Alliance unity and diplomacy, but some participants held that it may increase the risk of miscalculation.Several participants identified obstacles to negotiating limits on Russian nonstrategic nuclear forces — above all, Moscow's reliance on these weapons to support its security and foreign policy objectives. In view of NATO's previous unilateral reductions in non-strategic nuclear forces, participants expressed reservations about “lead by example” proposals for further unilateral reductions. The U.S. government has promised to make no further reductions in its nuclear weapons deployed in Europe without an Alliance consensus and Russian reciprocity. Participants noted the continuing tension between NATO's reliance on nuclear deterrence and its long-term commitment to nuclear disarmament.
Download or read book Tactical Nuclear Weapons and NATO written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "NATO has been a "nuclear" alliance since its inception. Nuclear weapons have served the dual purpose of being part of NATO military planning as well as being central to the Alliance's deterrence strategy. For over 4 decades, NATO allies sought to find conventional and nuclear forces, doctrines, and agreed strategies that linked the defense of Europe to that of the United States. Still, in light of the evolving security situation, the Alliance must now consider the role and future of tactical or non-strategic nuclear weapons (NSNWs). Two clear conclusions emerge from this analysis. First, in the more than 2 decades since the end of the Cold War, the problem itself -- that is, the question of what to do with weapons designed in a previous century for the possibility of a World War III against a military alliance that no longer exists -- is understudied, both inside and outside of government. Tactical weapons, although less awesome than their strategic siblings, carry significant security and political risks, and they have not received the attention that is commensurate to their importance. Second, it is clear that whatever the future of these arms, the status quo is unacceptable. It is past the time for NATO to make more resolute decisions, find a coherent strategy, and formulate more definite plans about its nuclear status. Consequently, decisions about the role of nuclear weapons within the Alliance and the associated supporting analysis are fundamental to the future identity of NATO. At the Lisbon Summit in Portugal in November 2010, the Alliance agreed to conduct the Deterrence and Defense Posture Review (DDPR). This effort is designed to answer these difficult questions prior to the upcoming NATO Summit in May 2012. The United States and its closest allies must define future threats and, in doing so, clarify NATO's identity, purpose, and corresponding force requirements. So far, NATO remains a "nuclear alliance," but it is increasingly hard to define what that means."--Publisher's website.
Download or read book Perspectives on Security and Strategic Stability written by Lisa Sawyer Samp and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2016-10-12 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study presents the outcome of a Track II dialogue among civil society leaders, security experts, academics, and government representatives from across the Baltic States, Poland, and the United States who came together to discuss the shared threats and challenges facing NATO’s eastern flank in light of Russia’s aggressive behavior toward its neighbors. The objective of the study was to enhance scholarship on the challenges stemming from the Ukraine crisis and to inform public discussions on the evolving nature and future of security and defense relations among the United States, the Baltic States, and Poland.
Download or read book Resilient Shield written by Charlene Castillo and published by Charlene Castillo. This book was released on 2024-04-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Delve into the intricate world of NATO's nuclear deterrence posture with this comprehensive exploration of the alliance's doctrine, policies, and capabilities. Uncover the strategies and mechanisms in place to deter potential adversaries and safeguard the security of member states. Explore the nuanced debates surrounding nuclear sharing arrangements, arms control initiatives, and the evolving role of nuclear weapons in NATO's defense strategy. Gain insights into the critical decisions and debates that shape NATO's approach to nuclear deterrence, from the post-Cold War era to the present day. Examine the evolving nature of threats and challenges faced by the alliance, and the corresponding adjustments made to its nuclear stance. Discover the complex web of relationships between NATO members, strategic partners, and nuclear-armed states that influence the alliance's nuclear policies. Delve into the historical context of NATO's nuclear deterrence posture and the factors that have shaped its evolution over time. Consider the ethical and strategic implications of nuclear sharing arrangements and the delicate balance between deterrence and disarmament in NATO's defense strategy. Reflect on the ongoing debates within the alliance about the role of nuclear weapons in the current security environment. Whether you are a scholar, policymaker, or concerned citizen, this book provides a nuanced and informative analysis of NATO's nuclear deterrence posture and defense strategy. Gain a deeper understanding of the complexities and intricacies of nuclear deterrence in the context of collective defense and international security. Explore the challenges and opportunities facing NATO as it navigates a rapidly evolving global landscape.
Download or read book Assessing Possible Improvements in Nato s Non Strategic Nuclear Deterrence Forces Addition of Nuclear Cruise Missile Nuclear Tomahawk Land Attack M written by U. S. Military and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-07-18 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given Moscow's revanchist foreign policy, its willingness to use military force to achieve its goals, and its annexation of Crimea in 2014, the strategic threat Russia presents to NATO's Allies in the Baltic region has become acute. The Alliance must find a means to deter Moscow from attempting a similar action in the former Soviet Baltic republics that are now NATO member states. This thesis has identified regional nuclear deterrence as the best means of addressing this threat, and it has answered the question: "How, and to what extent, would the addition of U.S. sea- and ground-based non-strategic nuclear weapons strengthen the Alliance's deterrence and defense posture in Europe?" Through a qualitative analysis of NATO's nuclear deterrence posture in Europe in the light of new challenges, including Russian air defenses, this thesis has found that the addition of a nuclear-capable cruise missile such as the Nuclear Tomahawk Land Attack Missile (TLAM-N), deployed on surface ships, would be an effective short-term solution to this problem and would be consistent with the Navy's "distributed lethality" concept for surface ships. Moreover, to enhance the Alliance's long-term regional deterrent, a short-range ground-based dual-capable ballistic missile could usefully complement the TLAM-N. I. INTRODUCTION * A. MAJOR RESEARCH QUESTION * B. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH QUESTION * C. LITERATURE REVIEW * D. POTENTIAL EXPLANATIONS AND HYPOTHESES * E. RESEARCH DESIGN * F. THESIS OVERVIEW * II. AN ANALYSIS OF U.S. EXTENDED NUCLEAR DETERRENCE FOR NATO * A. INTRODUCTION * B. THE EXTENDED NUCLEAR DETERRENCE CONCEPT * C. THE COLD WAR * D. POST-SOVIET NATO NUCLEAR POLICY (1991-2009) * E. 2010 STRATEGIC CONCEPT TO THE DDPR * F. RUSSIAN AGGRESSION * G. CONCLUSION * III. MODIFYING THE U.S. EXTENDED NUCLEAR DETERRENCE POSTURE IN EUROPE * A. INTRODUCTION * B. THESIS * C. RUSSIA'S TURN AGAINST THE WEST * D. GEORGIA 2008 * E. THE "NEW LOOK" REFORMS * F. UKRAINE * G. THE RUSSIAN THREAT IN THE BALTIC REGION * H. THE RAND STUDY * I. UPGRADING NATO'S EXTENDED NUCLEAR DETERRENT * J. THE BEST OPTIONS * K. TLAM-N * L. SRBM * IV. CONCLUSION
Download or read book Reinforcing Deterrence on NATO s Eastern Flank written by David A. Shlapak and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Russia's recent aggression against Ukraine has disrupted nearly a generation of relative peace and stability between Moscow and its Western neighbors and raised concerns about its larger intentions. From the perspective of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the threat to the three Baltic republics of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania -- former Soviet republics, now member states that border Russian territory -- may be the most problematic of these. In a series of war games conducted between summer 2014 and spring 2015, RAND Arroyo Center examined the shape and probable outcome of a near-term Russian invasion of the Baltic states. The games' findings are unambiguous: As presently postured, NATO cannot successfully defend the territory of its most exposed members. Fortunately, it will not require Herculean effort to avoid such a failure. Further gaming indicates that a force of about seven brigades, including three heavy armored brigades -- adequately supported by airpower, land-based fires, and other enablers on the ground and ready to fight at the onset of hostilities -- could suffice to prevent the rapid overrun of the Baltic states"--Publisher's web site.
Download or read book Remixing the Appropriate Mix written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the countries of Europe face a renewed challenge from the east vis-à-vis the Putin regime in Moscow. In the face of these new challenges, NATO must reconsider its deterrence and defense posture in order to deter conflict in Europe. Unfortunately, Russian attempts to rewrite the rules of the post-Cold War international order by force have been coupled with nuclear saber rattling and overt nuclear threats. Russia's nuclear threats, in addition to provocative changes to Russia's nuclear posture in its Military Doctrine, are methods to make up for Russia's conventional military inferiority relative to NATO and the United States. Some have described Moscow's actions as laying the groundwork for a nuclear coercion strategy. While the decrease in the nuclear arsenals of Russia and the United States has reduced the likelihood of nuclear annihilation to an all-time low since the height of the Cold War, Russia's nuclear coercion strategy is increasing the probability of nuclear employment in Europe. The probability of nuclear use is compounded by Russia's tremendous local military advantage around its periphery in spite of U.S. global military primacy. This military advantage increases the incentive to use military force if Russian decision-makers conclude that a quick military victory is possible, or if Russian leaders miscalculate based on an incorrect assessment of military force balance or resolve of their adversary. The integration of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia (referred to as the Baltics in this paper) into the NATO alliance in 2004 makes Russia's military advantage in its periphery increasingly relevant. Each NATO state is required to assist any NATO state that comes under attack per Article V of the North Atlantic Treaty. The Baltic states' proximity to Russia, their weak indigenous militaries, their former status as Soviet Republics, large population of ethnic Russians, and Russian President Vladimir V. Putin's claim that he will protect Russians wherever they are makes the Baltics the most likely flashpoint for conflict between NATO and Russia. This analysis will tackle the problem of reshaping NATO's deterrence and defense posture in light of the new Russian threat and its obligation to defend its most vulnerable members. Specifically, it will assess the suitability of NATO's "appropriate mix" of nuclear, conventional, and missile defense capabilities to deterring conventional conflict with Russia and, if conventional deterrence fails, preventing Russian nuclear escalation. It will use a scenario-based approach informed by a deterrence model to explore how changes to NATO's posture and policy could impact the deterrence of Russian aggression.
Download or read book Building a Safe Secure and Credible NATO Nuclear Posture written by Steve Andreasen and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NATO’s security requires a hard look at and new approaches to NATO deterrence and defense through the prism of reducing the risk of nuclear use. Forward-deployed U.S. nuclear weapons in Europe increase the risk of accidents, blunders, or catastrophic terrorism and invite pre-emption. Given these added risks, it is past time to revisit whether these forward-based weapons are essential for military deterrence and political reassurance. The Trump administration’s National Security Strategy of December 2017 commits to this continued deployment without presenting the considered analysis that would emerge from a hard look. The chapters in this report, written by experts and practitioners in European security and nuclear weapons, provide a foundation for that hard look. The report underscores the strong arguments for NATO to move to a safer, more secure, and more credible nuclear posture without forward-deployed U.S. nuclear weapons in Europe. The challenge is how to advance current thinking about the military and political dimensions of alternative nuclear postures.
Download or read book NL ARMS Netherlands Annual Review of Military Studies 2020 written by Frans Osinga and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-03 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access volume surveys the state of the field to examine whether a fifth wave of deterrence theory is emerging. Bringing together insights from world-leading experts from three continents, the volume identifies the most pressing strategic challenges, frames theoretical concepts, and describes new strategies. The use and utility of deterrence in today’s strategic environment is a topic of paramount concern to scholars, strategists and policymakers. Ours is a period of considerable strategic turbulence, which in recent years has featured a renewed emphasis on nuclear weapons used in defence postures across different theatres; a dramatic growth in the scale of military cyber capabilities and the frequency with which these are used; and rapid technological progress including the proliferation of long-range strike and unmanned systems. These military-strategic developments occur in a polarized international system, where cooperation between leading powers on arms control regimes is breaking down, states widely make use of hybrid conflict strategies, and the number of internationalized intrastate proxy conflicts has quintupled over the past two decades. Contemporary conflict actors exploit a wider gamut of coercive instruments, which they apply across a wider range of domains. The prevalence of multi-domain coercion across but also beyond traditional dimensions of armed conflict raises an important question: what does effective deterrence look like in the 21st century? Answering that question requires a re-appraisal of key theoretical concepts and dominant strategies of Western and non-Western actors in order to assess how they hold up in today’s world. Air Commodore Professor Dr. Frans Osinga is the Chair of the War Studies Department of the Netherlands Defence Academy and the Special Chair in War Studies at the University Leiden. Dr. Tim Sweijs is the Director of Research at The Hague Centre for Strategic Studies and a Research Fellow at the Faculty of Military Sciences of the Netherlands Defence Academy in Breda.
Download or read book Renewed Russian Nuclear Threat and NATO Nuclear Deterrence Posture written by MATTHEW KROENIG. and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
