EBookClubs

Read Books & Download eBooks Full Online

EBookClubs

Read Books & Download eBooks Full Online

Book Native Races and the War  Classic Reprint

Download or read book Native Races and the War Classic Reprint written by Josephine E. Butler and published by . This book was released on 2015-07-12 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Native Races and the War In the midst of the manifold utterances and discussions on the burning question of to-day, - the War in South Africa, - there is one side of the subject which, it seems to me, has not as yet been considered with the seriousness which it deserves, - and that is the question of Slavery, and of the treatment of the native races of South Africa. Though this question has not yet in England or on the Continent been cited as one of the direct causes of the war, I am convinced, - as are many others, - that it lies very near to the heart of the present trouble. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book Native Races and the War

    Book Details:
  • Author : Josephine E. (Josephine Elizabeth Grey) Butler
  • Publisher : Tredition Classics
  • Release : 2011-12
  • ISBN : 9783842475366
  • Pages : 138 pages

Download or read book Native Races and the War written by Josephine E. (Josephine Elizabeth Grey) Butler and published by Tredition Classics. This book was released on 2011-12 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is part of the TREDITION CLASSICS series. The creators of this series are united by passion for literature and driven by the intention of making all public domain books available in printed format again - worldwide. At tredition we believe that a great book never goes out of style. Several mostly non-profit literature projects provide content to tredition. To support their good work, tredition donates a portion of the proceeds from each sold copy. As a reader of a TREDITION CLASSICS book, you support our mission to save many of the amazing works of world literature from oblivion.

Book Are We a Logical People

Download or read book Are We a Logical People written by Harry Johnston and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-01-08 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Are We a Logical People?: Native Races and the Great War A few months ago I read in the Morning Post an interview with Mr. Roosevelt, which contained the infer ence - astonishing as coming from Mr. Roosevelt - that he did not approve of Aborigines Protection Societies. Perhaps he was misunderstood by his interlocutor. But inasmuch as a good deal of the conversation dealt with Mr. Roosevelt's sympathies in regard to these subject and backward races towards whom the United States is endeavouring to act as a kindly guardian, his alleged sneering refer ence to Aborigines Protection Societiesoi millions of infinitely diverse races, there is no association that should be more thoroughly supported by con vinced Imperialists than that for the protection of Aborigines, ' with its head-quarters in London. Their con tributions to its funds'would be a kind of insurance. With this Society in full activity, citizens of Great Britain and Ireland might cease to be anxious as to our doings in India, Africa, Oceania or Tropical America. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book Native Races and the War

    Book Details:
  • Author : Josephine E. (Josephine Elizabeth Grey) Butler
  • Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
  • Release : 2018-08-15
  • ISBN : 9781725569812
  • Pages : 126 pages

Download or read book Native Races and the War written by Josephine E. (Josephine Elizabeth Grey) Butler and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-08-15 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Native Races and the War by Josephine E. (Josephine Elizabeth Grey) Butler In the midst of the manifold utterances and discussions on the burning question of to-day, -the War in South Africa, -there is one side of the subject which, it seems to me, has not as yet been considered with the seriousness which it deserves, -and that is the question of Slavery, and of the treatment of the native races of South Africa. Though this question has not yet in England or on the Continent been cited as one of the direct causes of the war, I am convinced, -as are many others, -that it lies very near to the heart of the present trouble. The object of this paper is simply to bring witnesses together who will testify to the past and present condition of the native races under British, Dutch, and Transvaal rule. These witnesses shall not be all of one nation; they shall come from different countries, and among them there shall be representatives of the native peoples themselves. I shall add little of my own to the testimony of these witnesses. But I will say, in advance, that what I desire to make plain for some sincere persons who are perplexed, is this, -that where a Government has established by Law the principle of the complete and final abolition of Slavery, and made its practice illegal for all time, -as our British Government has done, -there is hope for the native races;-there is always hope that, by an appeal to the law and to British authority, any and every wrong done to the natives, which approaches to or threatens the reintroduction of slavery, shall be redressed. The Abolition of Slavery, enacted by our Government in 1834, was the proclamation of a great principle, strong and clear, a straight line by which every enactment dealing with the question, and every act of individuals, or groups of individuals, bearing on the liberty of the natives can be measured, and any deviation from that straight line of principle can be exactly estimated and judged. When we speak of injustice done to the natives by the South African Republics, we are apt to be met with the reproach that the English have also been guilty of cruelty to native races. This is unhappily true, and shall not be disguised in the following pages;-but mark this, -that it is true of certain individuals bearing the English name, true of groups of individuals, of certain adventurers and speculators.... We are delighted to publish this classic book as part of our extensive Classic Library collection. Many of the books in our collection have been out of print for decades, and therefore have not been accessible to the general public. The aim of our publishing program is to facilitate rapid access to this vast reservoir of literature, and our view is that this is a significant literary work, which deserves to be brought back into print after many decades. The contents of the vast majority of titles in the Classic Library have been scanned from the original works. To ensure a high quality product, each title has been meticulously hand curated by our staff. Our philosophy has been guided by a desire to provide the reader with a book that is as close as possible to ownership of the original work. We hope that you will enjoy this wonderful classic work, and that for you it becomes an enriching expe

Book Native Races and the War

    Book Details:
  • Author : Josephine Elizabeth Butler
  • Publisher : Legare Street Press
  • Release : 2023-07-18
  • ISBN : 9781020812347
  • Pages : 0 pages

Download or read book Native Races and the War written by Josephine Elizabeth Butler and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2023-07-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written during the First World War, this book offers a unique perspective on the conflict from the point of view of colonized peoples. From Africa to Asia to the Americas, Butler examines the responses of native populations to the war and its impact on their lives. A fascinating read for anyone interested in history from a global perspective. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Book Native Races and the War

    Book Details:
  • Author : Josephine E. Butler
  • Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
  • Release : 2016-04-12
  • ISBN : 9781530462353
  • Pages : 126 pages

Download or read book Native Races and the War written by Josephine E. Butler and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-04-12 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "[...]to the testimony of these witnesses. But I will say, in advance, that what I desire to make plain for some sincere persons who are perplexed, is this, -that where a Government has established by Law the principle of the complete and final abolition of Slavery, and made its practice illegal for all time, -as our British Government has done, -there is hope for the native races;-there is always hope that, by an appeal to the law and to British authority, any and every wrong done to the natives, which approaches to or threatens the reintroduction of slavery, shall be redressed. The Abolition of Slavery, enacted by our Government in 1834, was the proclamation of a great principle, strong and clear, a straight line by which every enactment dealing[...

Book Native Races and the War   Scholar s Choice Edition

Download or read book Native Races and the War Scholar s Choice Edition written by Josephine Elizabeth Butler and published by . This book was released on 2015-02-17 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Book Stories of Red Men  Classic Reprint

Download or read book Stories of Red Men Classic Reprint written by Catherine Cooper Hopley and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-12-26 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from Stories of Red Men The word Indian is a frequent perplexity to young readers, and not to the young only. For even at the present day, when we hear that such an event has occurred to the Indians, or that there is going to be another Indian war, our ideas are apt to fly to the country properly called India, and not to America and the savage tribes there. India formerly meant nearly all that was known of Southern Asia and the islands near the coast. From early times the wealth of the Indies formed the merchandise of European nations; and, as I shall explain by-and-by, the Western Indies received that name from a mis take that connected them with the East. Against these American Indians, or Red Men, the white races have had to fight for the possession of the country. Three hundred years ago millions of them were spread over North and South America; but those that remain have been driven farther and farther across the continent to the mountains and valleys of the Far West, where, alas Indian wars are still of frequent occurrence. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book Race and America s Long War

    Book Details:
  • Author : Nikhil Pal Singh
  • Publisher : Univ of California Press
  • Release : 2017-11-07
  • ISBN : 0520968832
  • Pages : 291 pages

Download or read book Race and America s Long War written by Nikhil Pal Singh and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2017-11-07 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Donald Trump’s election to the U.S. presidency in 2016, which placed control of the government in the hands of the most racially homogenous, far-right political party in the Western world, produced shock and disbelief for liberals, progressives, and leftists globally. Yet most of the immediate analysis neglects longer-term accounting of how the United States arrived here. Race and America’s Long War examines the relationship between war, politics, police power, and the changing contours of race and racism in the contemporary United States. Nikhil Pal Singh argues that the United States’ pursuit of war since the September 11 terrorist attacks has reanimated a longer history of imperial statecraft that segregated and eliminated enemies both within and overseas. America’s territorial expansion and Indian removals, settler in-migration and nativist restriction, and African slavery and its afterlives were formative social and political processes that drove the rise of the United States as a capitalist world power long before the onset of globalization. Spanning the course of U.S. history, these crucial essays show how the return of racism and war as seemingly permanent features of American public and political life is at the heart of our present crisis and collective disorientation.

Book The Conspiracy of Pontiac and the Indian War  Vol  2  Classic Reprint

Download or read book The Conspiracy of Pontiac and the Indian War Vol 2 Classic Reprint written by Francis Parkman and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-11-21 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Conspiracy of Pontiac and the Indian War, Vol. 2 Effects of the Peace - Pontiac repairs to Oswego. ('ongress at Oswego Speech Of Sir vvilliam Johnson - Reply of Pon tiac - Prospects of the Indian Race - Fresh Disturbances. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book The Indians in the Civil War  Classic Reprint

Download or read book The Indians in the Civil War Classic Reprint written by Annie Heloise Abel and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2016-10-14 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Indians in the Civil War While these events were in progress, the conduct of the Arkansas authorities, as viewed from the standpoint of loyalty to the Union, was most reprehensible. Months before the state passed its ordi nance of secession, the governor, Henry M. Rector, and the man in charge of the Indian affairs of the Southern Superintendency, Elias Rector, both brought strong in uences to bear upon John Ross to induce him to abandon his proposed policy of friendly inactivity; but all to no purpose.6 John Ross was too shrewd a man to jeopardize the welfare of himself and his tribe by venturing pre maturely upon a scheme so hazardous. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works."

Book Caste

    Book Details:
  • Author : Isabel Wilkerson
  • Publisher : Random House Trade Paperbacks
  • Release : 2023-02-14
  • ISBN : 0593230272
  • Pages : 545 pages

Download or read book Caste written by Isabel Wilkerson and published by Random House Trade Paperbacks. This book was released on 2023-02-14 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: #1 NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER • OPRAH’S BOOK CLUB PICK • “An instant American classic and almost certainly the keynote nonfiction book of the American century thus far.”—Dwight Garner, The New York Times The Pulitzer Prize–winning, bestselling author of The Warmth of Other Suns examines the unspoken caste system that has shaped America and shows how our lives today are still defined by a hierarchy of human divisions—now with a new Afterword by the author. #1 NONFICTION BOOK OF THE YEAR: Time ONE OF THE BEST BOOKS OF THE YEAR: The Washington Post, The New York Times, Los Angeles Times, The Boston Globe, O: The Oprah Magazine, NPR, Bloomberg, The Christian Science Monitor, New York Post, The New York Public Library, Fortune, Smithsonian Magazine, Marie Claire, Slate, Library Journal, Kirkus Reviews Winner of the Carl Sandberg Literary Award • Winner of the Los Angeles Times Book Prize • National Book Award Longlist • National Book Critics Circle Award Finalist • Dayton Literary Peace Prize Finalist • PEN/John Kenneth Galbraith Award for Nonfiction Finalist • PEN/Jean Stein Book Award Longlist • Kirkus Prize Finalist “As we go about our daily lives, caste is the wordless usher in a darkened theater, flashlight cast down in the aisles, guiding us to our assigned seats for a performance. The hierarchy of caste is not about feelings or morality. It is about power—which groups have it and which do not.” In this brilliant book, Isabel Wilkerson gives us a masterful portrait of an unseen phenomenon in America as she explores, through an immersive, deeply researched, and beautifully written narrative and stories about real people, how America today and throughout its history has been shaped by a hidden caste system, a rigid hierarchy of human rankings. Beyond race, class, or other factors, there is a powerful caste system that influences people’s lives and behavior and the nation’s fate. Linking the caste systems of America, India, and Nazi Germany, Wilkerson explores eight pillars that underlie caste systems across civilizations, including divine will, bloodlines, stigma, and more. Using riveting stories about people—including Martin Luther King, Jr., baseball’s Satchel Paige, a single father and his toddler son, Wilkerson herself, and many others—she shows the ways that the insidious undertow of caste is experienced every day. She documents how the Nazis studied the racial systems in America to plan their outcasting of the Jews; she discusses why the cruel logic of caste requires that there be a bottom rung for those in the middle to measure themselves against; she writes about the surprising health costs of caste, in depression and life expectancy, and the effects of this hierarchy on our culture and politics. Finally, she points forward to ways America can move beyond the artificial and destructive separations of human divisions, toward hope in our common humanity. Original and revealing, Caste: The Origins of Our Discontents is an eye-opening story of people and history, and a reexamination of what lies under the surface of ordinary lives and of American life today.

Book The Aboriginal Races of North America

Download or read book The Aboriginal Races of North America written by Samuel Gardner Drake and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-07-18 with total page 794 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Aboriginal Races of North America: Comprising Biographical Sketches of Eminent Individuals, and an Historical Account of the Different Tribes, From the First Discovery of the Continent to the Present Period Where is my home - my forest home? The proud land of my sires? Where stands the wigwam of my pride? Where gleam the council hrcel Where are my fethers' hallowed graves? My friends so light and free? Gone, gong - forever from my View! Greet Spirit! Can it be? About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book The Native Races  Complete 5 Part Edition

Download or read book The Native Races Complete 5 Part Edition written by Hubert Howe Bancroft and published by e-artnow. This book was released on 2021-05-07 with total page 2318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Native Races of the Pacific States is the magnum opus American historian and ethnologist Hubert Howe Bancroft who took upon himself the task of researching the exotic civilizations of the entire Pacific coast region. This region, from Alaska to Darien, including the whole of Mexico and Central America, he named the Pacific States. Before the arrival of Europeans, these territories were populated by aborigines, from the reptile-eating cave-dwellers of the Great Basin, to the Aztec and Maya civilization of the southern table-land. Volume 1 – Wild Tribes Volume 2 – Civilized Nations Volume 3 – Myths and Languages Volume 4 – Antiquities Volume 5 – Primitive History

Book The Future of the Kanaka  Classic Reprint

Download or read book The Future of the Kanaka Classic Reprint written by Edward Jacomb and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-01-16 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Future of the Kanaka The second is that it is the universal desire of the natives of the New Hebrides to pass under the British Flag. There can be little doubt that the disastrous experiment of the Condominium will, in the present general settlement of the world, be brought to an end. If that be so it will pass either to Britain or France. Should it pass to France it will be in defiance of the principle of self - determination of little races for which the Great War has been fought and won, and the settlement will not be a final one. Sooner or later the Group must pass to Australia. If it be later it will pass empty of a native population. Therefore let it be sooner. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book History of the Indians of North and South America  Classic Reprint

Download or read book History of the Indians of North and South America Classic Reprint written by Samuel G. Goodrich and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-03-03 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from History of the Indians of North and South America No accurate account can be given of their numbers. Some have estimated the whole amount in North and South America, at the time of the discovery Of the continent, even as high as one hundred or one hun dred and fifty millions. This estimate is unquestionably much too large. A more probable one would be from fifteen or twenty to twenty-five millions. But they have greatly diminished, and of all the ancient race not more than four or five millions, if so many, now remain. Pestilence, wars, hardships, and sufferings of various kinds have been their lot for nearly four hundred years; and they have melted away at the approach Of the white man; so that even a lone In dian is now scarcely found beside the grave of his fathers, where once the war-whoop might have called a thousand or more valiant men to go forth to engage in the deadly fray. With them have perished, in many instances, their ancient traditions; and as they had no other means of handing down the records of their deeds, their history is lost, except here and there a fragment, which has been treasured up by some white man more curious than his fellows, in studying their present or former fates. Monuments, indeed. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.

Book The Prairie Schooner

    Book Details:
  • Author : William E. Barton
  • Publisher : Forgotten Books
  • Release : 2018-02-02
  • ISBN : 9780267606627
  • Pages : 0 pages

Download or read book The Prairie Schooner written by William E. Barton and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2018-02-02 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from The Prairie Schooner: A Story of the Black Hawk War It was Saturday, and the sun marked the hour of noon, when Ned Putnam brought his oxen to a stop beneath a large cottonwood tree, and lifting the yoke from their shoulders, turned them out to graze, fastened at the end of long ropes, a precaution that was hardly necessary, as the oxen showed little sign of straying from the wagon. Two young heifers that were tied behind were likewise picketed, and two great boxes that rode in the rear of the wagon were taken down and placed in the Shade. One of them contained a brood of young pigs, and the other, divided through the middle, had on one Side a half dozen turkeys and geese, - a cock and two hens of each, - and on the other a somewhat larger number of hens and ducks, with a solemn old drake and a big-combed Chanticleer, whose crow had served to start the schooner betimes in the morning. Ned brought water from the lake for the chickens and pigs, and cleaned the cages by detaching the bottoms, allowing the pigs and fowls to play meantime in the sand, which formed a temporary bottom. The wagon furnished meal and grain for their feed, and the scrubbed bottom boards were turned to dry in the sun. Thanks to such care as this the fowls and pigs were in excellent condition, and had come to enjoy their home so much that Ned had sometimes released a portion of his feathered flock at night, catching its members with little difficulty when feeding time came in the morning. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.