Download or read book Nationalizing Iran written by Afshin Marashi and published by University of Washington Press. This book was released on 2011-07-01 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Naser al-Din Shah, who ruled Iran from 1848 to 1896, claimed the title Shadow of God on Earth, his authority rested on premodern conceptions of sacred kingship. By 1941, when Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi came to power, his claim to authority as the Shah of Iran was infused with the language of modern nationalism. In short, between roughly 1870 and 1940, Iran's traditional monarchy was forged into a modern nation-state. In Nationalizing Iran, Afshin Marashi explores the changes that made possible this transformation of Iran into a social abstraction in which notions of state, society, and culture converged. He follows Naser al-Din Shah on a tour of Europe in 1873 that led to his importing a new public image of monarchy-an image based on the European late imperial model-relying heavily on the use of public ceremonies, rituals, and festivals to promote loyalty to the monarch. Meanwhile, Iranian intellectuals were reimagining ethnic history to reconcile “authentic” Iranian culture with the demands of modernity. From the reform of public education to the symbolism surrounding grand public ceremonies in honor of long-dead poets, Marashi shows how the state invented and promoted key features of the common culture binding state and society. The ideological thrust of that century would become the source of dramatic contestation in the late twentieth century. Marashi's study of the formative era of Iranian nationalism will be valuable to scholars and students of history, sociology, political science, and anthropology, as well as journalists, policy makers, and other close observers of contemporary Iran.
Download or read book Oil Power and Principle written by Mostafa Elm and published by Syracuse University Press. This book was released on 1994-12-01 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work deals with the oil crises of the 1950s, precipitated by Iran's decision to nationalise the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company. The roots of the revolt against British imperialism are explored here, along with the long-term consequences of instability in the Middle East.
Download or read book Nationalizing Iran written by Afshin Marashi and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Emergence of Iranian Nationalism written by Reza Zia-Ebrahimi and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2016-03-15 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reza Zia-Ebrahimi revisits the work of Fath?ali Akhundzadeh and Mirza Aqa Khan Kermani, two Qajar-era intellectuals who founded modern Iranian nationalism. In their efforts to make sense of a difficult historical situation, these thinkers advanced an appealing ideology Zia-Ebrahimi calls "dislocative nationalism," in which pre-Islamic Iran is cast as a golden age, Islam is reinterpreted as an alien religion, and Arabs become implacable others. Dislodging Iran from its empirical reality and tying it to Europe and the Aryan race, this ideology remains the most politically potent form of identity in Iran. Akhundzadeh and Kermani's nationalist reading of Iranian history has been drilled into the minds of Iranians since its adoption by the Pahlavi state in the early twentieth century. Spread through mass schooling, historical narratives, and official statements of support, their ideological perspective has come to define Iranian culture and domestic and foreign policy. Zia-Ebrahimi follows the development of dislocative nationalism through a range of cultural and historical materials, and he captures its incorporation of European ideas about Iranian history, the Aryan race, and a primordial nation. His work emphasizes the agency of Iranian intellectuals in translating European ideas for Iranian audiences, impressing Western conceptions of race onto Iranian identity.
Download or read book Machineries of Oil written by Katayoun Shafiee and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2023-08-15 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The emergence of the international oil corporation as a political actor in the twentieth century, seen in BP's infrastructure and information arrangements in Iran. In the early twentieth century, international oil corporations emerged as a new kind of political actor. The development of the world oil industry, argues Katayoun Shafiee, was one of the era's largest political projects of techno-economic development. In this book, Shafiee maps the machinery of oil operations in the Anglo-Iranian oil industry between 1901 and 1954, tracking the organizational work involved in moving oil through a variety of technical, legal, scientific, and administrative networks. She shows that, in a series of disagreements, the British-controlled Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC, which later became BP) relied on various forms of information management to transform political disputes into techno-economic calculation, guaranteeing the company complete control over profits, labor, and production regimes. She argues that the building of alliances and connections that constituted Anglo-Iranian oil's infrastructure reconfigured local politics of oil regions and examines how these arrangements in turn shaped the emergence of both nation-state and transnational oil corporation. Drawing on her extensive archival and field research in Iran, Shafiee investigates the surprising ways in which nature, technology, and politics came together in battles over mineral rights; standardizing petroleum expertise; formulas for calculating profits, production rates, and labor; the “Persianization” of employees; nationalism and oil nationalization; and the long-distance machinery of an international corporation. Her account shows that the politics of oil cannot be understood in isolation from its technical dimensions. The open access edition of this book was made possible by generous funding from Knowledge Unlatched.
Download or read book Rethinking Iranian Nationalism and Modernity written by Kamran Scot Aghaie and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2014-07-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While recent books have explored Arab and Turkish nationalism, the nuances of Iran have received scant book-length study—until now. Capturing the significant changes in approach that have shaped this specialization, Rethinking Iranian Nationalism and Modernity shares innovative research and charts new areas of analysis from an array of scholars in the field. Delving into a wide range of theoretical and conceptual perspectives, the essays—all previously unpublished—encompass social history, literary theory, postcolonial studies, and comparative analysis to address such topics as: Ethnicity in the Islamic Republic of Iran Political Islam and religious nationalism The evolution of U.S.-Iranian relations before and after the Cold War Comparing Islamic and secular nationalism(s) in Egypt and Iran The German counterrevolution and its influence on Iranian political alliances The effects of Israel’s image as a Euro-American space Sufism Geocultural concepts in Azar’s Atashkadeh Interdisciplinary in essence, the essays also draw from sociology, gender studies, and art and architecture. Posing compelling questions while challenging the conventional historiographical traditions, the authors (many of whom represent a new generation of Iranian studies scholars) give voice to a research approach that embraces the modern era’s complexity while emphasizing Iranian nationalism’s contested, multifaceted, and continuously transformative possibilities.
Download or read book Some Documents on the Nationalization of the Oil Industry in Iran written by Iran. Embassy. United States and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Exile and the Nation written by Afshin Marashi and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2020-06-08 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the aftermath of the seventh-century Islamic conquest of Iran, Zoroastrians departed for India. Known as the Parsis, they slowly lost contact with their ancestral land until the nineteenth century, when steam-powered sea travel, the increased circulation of Zoroastrian-themed books, and the philanthropic efforts of Parsi benefactors sparked a new era of interaction between the two groups. Tracing the cultural and intellectual exchange between Iranian nationalists and the Parsi community during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Exile and the Nation shows how this interchange led to the collective reimagining of Parsi and Iranian national identity—and the influence of antiquity on modern Iranian nationalism, which previously rested solely on European forms of thought. Iranian nationalism, Afshin Marashi argues, was also the byproduct of the complex history resulting from the demise of the early modern Persianate cultural system, as well as one of the many cultural heterodoxies produced within the Indian Ocean world. Crossing the boundaries of numerous fields of study, this book reframes Iranian nationalism within the context of the connected, transnational, and global history of the modern era.
Download or read book Iran and the CIA written by D. Bayandor and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-03-03 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the early 1950s, frail septuagenarian prime minister of Iran, Doctor Mohammad Mosaddeq, shook the world - challenging Britain by nationalizing Iran's British-run oil industries. In August 1953 he was overthrown. Revisiting these events with astonishing new evidence, this book challenges the conventionally-held theory of foul play by the CIA.
Download or read book Power Grab written by Paasha Mahdavi and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-04-02 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores how dictators maintain their grip on power by seizing control of oil, metals, and minerals production.
Download or read book Nationalizing Nature written by Frederico Freitas and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-03-04 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An insightful look at how Brazil and Argentina employed national parks to develop and settle frontier areas.
Download or read book The Untold History of the Nationalization of Oil in Iran written by Ali Sajjadi and published by Bookbaby. This book was released on 2020-03-27 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are many books and articles published about Iranian movements for oil nationalization from 1950-1953; however, in the last 70 years, no one has looked into Iranian parliament negotiations regarding the nationalization of oil. As a matter of fact, many of these negotiations were not published till after Islamic revolution in the mid 1980's. Almost all memories of leaders of nationalization of oil in Iran were also published after 1980, and for different reasons, no one has sought to come up with a more comprehensive narration of Iranian oil nationalization.This book focuses on Majlis (Iranian Parliament) negotiations on oil from 1950-1951, and aims to shed light on the darkness of the Iranian movement. The chapters of this book are organized as follows: - Chapter 1: Presents the history of oil negotiations in Majlis after Iran was occupied in 1943 by UK and Soviet and Reza shah exiled. - Chapter 2: Discusses Soviet demands of Iranian oil in northern parts of Iran and how Iran and Majlis played their hands. - Chapter 3: Draws a comparison between Iran's concessions of 1901 to William N. D'Arcy and Anglo-Iranian Oil Company treaty in 1933. Mossadegh claims D'Arcy concession was a better contract and the 1933 treaty was imposed to Iran. - Chapter 4: Examines negotiations of "Oil Committee" in 16th Majlis and clashes between Prime Minister Razmara and Leader of Committee Mossadegh. - Chapter 5: Looks into the assassination of Prime Minister Razmara and possible roles of nationalization seekers in the assassinations of their opponents. - Chapter 6: Discusses Nationalization and examines whether there were other ways to nationalize oil, and why the Nationalization of oil never was negotiated in the floor of parliament. - Chapter 7: Investigates "Subordinated companies of Anglo-Iranian Oil company". Iran was subjected to 16 to 20 percent of net profit of those companies; however, leaders of the nationalization of oil lost because they did not include it into the negotiations in Majlis, or in their "law of Nationalization". Some experts claim there were more than 90 of those companies. A list of 46 of them are included in this chapter. - Chapter 8: Explains the "House of Richard Seddon" in Tehran. Seddon was head of Anglo-Iranian Oil Company in Tehran and his house was attacked and seized by Pro-Mossadegh group in spring of 1951. Selected documents attributed to Seddon house were published against oppositions of nationalization of oil. This documents also shows that Mossadegh used a so-called tack two diplomacy and had people in oil company and offices of Prime Mister Razmara to report to him news and developments. - Chapter 9: Looks into the logic of ruling of International Court of Justice in Hague in favor of Iran.
Download or read book Empire and Nationhood written by Mary Ann Heiss and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1951 prime minister Mohammed Mossadegh seized British oil holdings in Iran. The move set in motion four years of bitter political and strategic battles between a United Kingdom desperate for an economic rebound and an increasingly anti-Western regime in Teheran. The Eisenhower administration tried to broker a settlement, but Mossadegh was overthrown by an Anglo-American operation and replaced by the Shah. In this book, Mary Ann Heiss provides a detailed account of this turning point in cold war history. Drawing on a range of British and American documents, she provides an incisive political, economic, and cultural analysis of the first British and American effort to contain communism and radical Third World nationalism; the first American effort to bolster a crumbling British Empire; and the first effort by the CIA to overthrow a popular nationalist regime. This book is the full story not only of the shift from British to American dominance in the oil economies of the Middle East but also of the rise of nationalism in the context of the cold war.
Download or read book Imagining Iran written by Majid Sharifi and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2013-08-22 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thematically, this book problematizes Iranian official nationalism. It reviews how every modern Iranian regime since the constitutional revolution of the 1905-06 has failed to legitimize its official identity, resulting in the fall of five different regimes. The book details how the collapse of each regime resulted in the interruption of the official meaning of being Iranian, as well as the meanings of its enemies. What remained the same was how every Iranian regime represented itself as the agent of a particular national desire defined in terms of making Iran to become sovereign, developed, democratic, and constitutional. Nonetheless, no regime was able to convince a great majority of the people that it achieved what it represented. This book makes three specific contributions. The first contribution is pedagogical. By focusing on the dynamics of regime changes, it provides a heuristic model for identifying challenges that all Iranian regimes have faced. Moreover, the book is a comprehensive review of the disruptive, oppressive, and bloody nature of the rise and fall of different regimes. The second contribution is theoretical. Rather than examining the behavior of various Iranian regimes in isolation from their international context, the book examines how each regime got to understand itself in relations to its imperial others. By examining the governmental rationality of each regime, the book offers a better theoretical framework for understanding political development not only in Iran, but also in all other Middle Eastern and South Asian states. Finally, the third contribution of this book is its critical approach to the main body of the literature on Iran, modernity, development, democracy, and constitutionalism.
Download or read book The Last Shah written by Ray Takeyh and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2021-01-26 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The surprising story of Iran's transformation from America's ally in the Middle East into one of its staunchest adversaries "An original interpretation that puts Iranian actors where they belong: at center stage."--Michael Doran, Wall Street Journal "For the clearest view of Iran for the last 100 years, this book is it."--Marvin Zonis, author of Majestic Failure: The Fall of the Shah Offering a new view of one of America's most important, infamously strained, and widely misunderstood relationships of the postwar era, this book tells the history of America and Iran from the time the last shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, was placed on the throne in 1941 to the 1979 revolution that brought the present Islamist government to power. This revolution was not, as many believe, the popular overthrow of a powerful and ruthless puppet of the United States; rather, it followed decades of corrosion of Iran's political establishment by an autocratic ruler who demanded fealty but lacked the personal strength to make hard decisions and, ultimately, lost the support of every sector of Iranian society. Esteemed Middle East scholar Ray Takeyh provides new interpretations of many key events--including the 1953 coup against Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadeq and the rise of Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini--significantly revising our understanding of America and Iran's complex and difficult history.
Download or read book Constructing Nationalism in Iran written by Meir Litvak and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-04-21 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nationalism has played an important role in the cultural and intellectual discourse of modernity that emerged in Iran from the late nineteenth century to the present, promoting new formulations of collective identity and advocating a new and more active role for the broad strata of the public in politics. The essays in this volume seek to shed light on the construction of nationalism in Iran in its many manifestations; cultural, social, political and ideological, by exploring on-going debates on this important and progressive topic.
Download or read book Thirty Years Iran Oil written by Ghobad Fakhimi and published by . This book was released on 2016-02-25 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a story about Iran's oil. It is also the story of The Great Games in the 19 century whereby the British Empire took control of the Middle East, known "World Cross Road." While until first World War all the Middle East; except Iran was part of Ottoman empire. At the same time, Iran lost all its North Western territories to Russia and Eastern to the British, becoming, a puppet of the British empire politics. That get concessions for all Iran mineral and commercial resources including the oil fields. Later these developments lead to the nationalization of Iran oil, the 1953 coup arranged by UK/US, President Nixon doctrine, planned 1973 war, increase price of oil, Iran's revolution and present destruction of the Middle East.
