Download or read book National Security Letters written by Carolyn D. Hines and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: National Security Letters (NSL) are roughly comparable to administrative subpoenas. Intelligence agencies issue them for intelligence gathering purposes to telephone companies; internet service providers, consumer credit reporting agencies, banks, and other financial institutions, directing the recipients to turn over certain customer records and similar information. This book and its corresponding volumes present an overview of the background and issues surrounding the use of National Security Letters, the Patriot Act and First Amendment implications.
Download or read book National Security Letters in Foreign Intelligence Investigations written by Charles Doyle and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Five federal statutes authorize intelligence officials to request certain business record information in connection with national security investigations. The authority to issue these national security letters (NSLs) is comparable to the authority to issue administrative subpoenas. The USA PATRIOT Act expanded the authority to issue four of the NSL statutes and created the fifth. Thereafter, the authority has been reported to have been widely used. Prospects of its continued use dimmed, however, after two lower federal courts held the lack of judicial review and the absolute confidentiality requirements in one of the statutes rendered it constitutionally suspect. The USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act (H.R. 3199), P.L. 109-177, and its companion P.L. 109-178, amended the five NSL sections to expressly provide for judicial review of both the NSLs and the confidentiality requirements that attend them. The sections have also been made explicitly judicially enforceable and sanctions recognized for failure to comply with an NSL request or to breach NSL confidentiality requirements with the intent to obstruct justice. The use of the authority has been made subject to greater Congressional oversight. The text of the five provisions -- section 1114(a)(5) of the Right to Financial Privacy Act (12 U.S.C. 3414(a)(5)); sections 626 and 627 of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 U.S.C. 1681u, 1681v); section 2709 of title 18 of the United States Code; and section 802 of the National Security Act (50 U.S.C. 436) -- in their amended form have been appended.
Download or read book National Security Letters in Foreign Intelligence Investigations written by Charles Doyle and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-01-01 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Five federal statutes authorize intelligence officials to request certain business record information in connection with national security investigations. The authority to issue these national security letters (NSLs) is comparable to the authority to issue administrative subpoenas. The USA PATRIOT Act expanded the authority under four of the NSL statutes and created the fifth. Thereafter, the authority has been reported to have been widely used. Prospects of its continued use dimmed, however, after two lower federal courts held that the lack of judicial review and the absolute confidentiality requirements in one of the statutes rendered it constitutionally suspect.
Download or read book National Security Letters Proposals in the 112th Congress written by Charles Doyle and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book National Security Letters written by Charles Doyle and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-11 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: (1) Intro.; (2) Background: USA PATRIOT Act; 2006 Amend.; IG Reports: The First IG Report; Exigent Letters; The Second IG Report; Secrecy, Judicial Review and the Second Circuit; Judicial Review of NSLs; Proposed Amend.: Sunset and Repeal; Non-disclosure; Judicial Review of NSL Itself; Issuance and Content; Minimization Requirements; Emergency Practices; Reports and Audits; Text of NSL Statutes on October 25, 2001 and Now: 12 U.S.C. 3414(a)(5) (on Oct. 25, 2001); 12 U.S.C. 3414(a)(5); 15 U.S.C. 1681u(a), (b)(on Oct. 25, 2001); 15 U.S.C. 1681u(a), (b); 18 U.S.C. 2709 (as of Oct. 25, 2001); 18 U.S.C. 2709; 15 U.S.C. 1681v (as of Oct. 25, 2001); 15 U.S.C. 1681v; 50 U.S.C. 436 (as of Oct. 25, 2001); 50 U.S.C. 436. Illustrations.
Download or read book National Security Letters in Foreign Intelligence Investigations written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Five statutory provisions vest government agencies responsible for certain foreign intelligence investigations (principally the Federal Bureau of Investigation [FBI]) with authority to issue written commands comparable to administrative subpoenas. These National Security Letters (NSLs) seek customer and consumer transaction information in national security investigations from communications providers, financial institutions, and credit agencies. Section 505 of the USA PATRIOT Act expanded the circumstances under which an NSL could be used. Subsequent press accounts suggested that their use had become widespread. Two lower federal courts, however, found the uncertainties, practices, and policies associated with the use of NSL authority contrary to the First Amendment right of freedom of speech, and thus brought into question the extent to which NSL authority could be used in the future. The USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act, P.L. 109-177, 120 Stat. 192 (2006) (H.R. 3199), and P.L. 109178, 120 Stat. 278 (2006) (S. 2271), amend the NSL statutes and related law to address some of the concerns raised by critics and the courts. This is an abridged version of CRS Report RL33320, National Security Letters in Foreign Intelligence Investigations: Legal Background and Recent Amendments, without the footnotes, appendices, and most of the citations to authority found in the longer report.
Download or read book National Security Letters written by Kurt C. Miller and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: National Security Letters (NSL) are roughly comparable to administrative subpoenas. Intelligence agencies issue them for intelligence gathering purposes to telephone companies; internet service providers, consumer credit reporting agencies, banks, and other financial institutions, directing the recipients to turn over certain customer records and similar information. This book and its corresponding volume present an overview of the background and issues surrounding the use of National Security Letters, the Patriot Act and First Amendment implications.
Download or read book National Security Letters in Foreign Intelligence Investigations Legal Background and Recent Amendments written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Five federal statutes authorize intelligence officials to request certain business record information in connection with national security investigations. The authority to issue these national security letters (NSLs) is comparable to the authority to issue administrative subpoenas. The USA PATRIOT Act expanded the authority under four of the NSL statutes and created the fifth. Thereafter, the authority has been reported to have been widely used. Prospects of its continued use dimmed, however, after two lower federal courts held the lack of judicial review and the absolute confidentiality requirements in one of the statutes rendered it constitutionally suspect. A report by the Department of Justice's Inspector General (IG) found that in its pre-amendment use of expanded USA PATRIOT Act authority the FBI had "used NSLs in violation of applicable NSL statutes, Attorney General Guidelines, and internal FBI policies," but that no criminal laws had been broken. A year later, a second IG report confirmed the findings of the first, and noted the corrective measures taken in response. The USA PATRIOT Improvement and Reauthorization Act (H.R. 3199), P.L. 109-177, and its companion P.L. 109-178, amended the five NSL sections to expressly provide for judicial review of both the NSLs and the confidentiality requirements that attend them. The sections have also been made explicitly judicially enforceable and sanctions recognized for failure to comply with an NSL request or to breach NSL confidentiality requirements with the intent to obstruct justice. The use of the authority has been made subject to greater congressional oversight. Following amendment, an appellate court dismissed one of the earlier cases as moot and remanded the second for reconsideration in light of the amendments. On remand, the lower court found the amended procedure contrary to the demands of the First Amendment.
Download or read book Responding to National Security Letters written by David P. Fidler and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book National Security Letters written by Charles Doyle and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-01-01 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: National Security Letters (NSLs) are roughly comparable to administrative subpoenas. Various intelligence agencies use them to demand certain customer information from communications providers, financial institutions, and consumer credit reporting agencies under the Right to Financial Privacy Act, the Fair Credit Reporting Act, the National Security Act, and the Electronic Communications Privacy Act.
Download or read book National Security Letters written by Congressional Research Congressional Research Service and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-01-22 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A National Security Letter (NSL) is roughly comparable to an administrative subpoena. Various intelligence agencies use NSLs to demand certain customer information from communications providers, financial institutions, and consumer credit reporting agencies under the Right to Financial Privacy Act, the Fair Credit Reporting Act, the National Security Act, and the Electronic Communications Privacy Act. Congress weighed several NSL amendments during the 113th Congress. The House passed one, H.R. 3361. The Senate failed to provide the three-fifths vote necessary for cloture on another, S. 2685. Yet in the end, the 113th Congress adjourned without enacting any of the proposed NSL amendments. The bills in the 113th Congress that would have amended the NSL statutes proposed adjustments in four areas: (1) the grounds for issuing an NSL; (2) confidentiality requirements and judicial review; (3) reports and audits; and (4) sunset and repeal. S. 1551 (Wyden), H.R. 3361 (House-passed), S. 1599 (Leahy), and S. 2685 (Leahy) would have defined more precisely the circumstances under which an NSL might be issued. Initially, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and later the District Court for the Northern District of California concluded that the statutory secrecy and judicial review provisions relating to NSLs, read to their fullest, are inconsistent with the proscriptions of the First Amendment right to free speech and the principles of separation of powers. S. 1215 (Leahy), H.R. 3361 (House-passed), S. 1599 (Leahy), and S. 2685 (Leahy) would have amended the provisions in question roughly along lines suggested by the Second Circuit. In the past, Congress has counterbalanced expanded NSL authority with increased oversight mechanisms. For example, it directed the Department of Justice's Inspector General to conduct an audit of NSL authority from 2001 to 2006, and instructed the Attorney General to report to Congress annually on the extent of NSL use. Several proposals in the 113th Congress would have supplemented the existing mechanisms. S. 1215, S. 1551, and S. 1599 would have called for greater detail in the Attorney General's annual reports. H.R. 3035 (Lofgren), S. 1551, and H.R. 3361 and S. 1599 would have authorized recipients to issue public reports on the NSLs they receive. As an additional oversight tool, S. 1215 and S. 1599 would have returned all but two of the NSL statutes to their pre-USA PATRIOT Act form, effective June 1, 2015. The exceptions would have been the National Security Act NSL statute, which evokes few privacy concerns, and the sweeping, USA PATRIOT Act-born, Fair Credit Reporting Act NSL statute, which the bills would have repealed. This report reprints the text of the five NSL statutes as they now appear and as they appeared prior to amendment by the USA PATRIOT Act (to which form they would have been returned under S. 1125 and H.R. 1805). Related reports include CRS Report R40138, Amendments to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) Extended Until June 1, 2015, by Edward C. Liu, and CRS Report RL33320, National Security Letters in Foreign Intelligence Investigations: Legal Background, by Charles Doyle.
Download or read book Responding to the Inspector General s Findings of Improper Use of National Security Letters by the FBI written by Russell D. Feingold and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2009-05 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Witnesses: Bob Barr, former Member of Congress, and Chmn., Patriots to Restore Checks and Balances, Atlanta, GA; George Christian, Exec. Dir., Amer. Library Assoc., Library Connection, Inc., Windsor, CT; Suzanne E. Spaulding, Principal, Bingham Consulting Group, and of Counsel, Bingham McCutchen LLP, Wash., D.C.; Peter P. Swire, C. William O¿Neill Prof. of Law, Moritz College of Law, Ohio State Univ., and Sr. Fellow, Center for Amer. Progress, Wash., D.C. Also includes Submissions for the Record.
Download or read book National Security Letters written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on the Judiciary and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Review of the Federal Bureau of Investigation s Use of National Security Letters written by CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-05 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A review of the Federal Bureau of Investigation's use of national security letters
Download or read book The NSA Report written by President's Review Group on Intelligence and Communications Technologies, The and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2014-03-31 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The official report that has shaped the international debate about NSA surveillance "We cannot discount the risk, in light of the lessons of our own history, that at some point in the future, high-level government officials will decide that this massive database of extraordinarily sensitive private information is there for the plucking. Americans must never make the mistake of wholly 'trusting' our public officials."—The NSA Report This is the official report that is helping shape the international debate about the unprecedented surveillance activities of the National Security Agency. Commissioned by President Obama following disclosures by former NSA contractor Edward J. Snowden, and written by a preeminent group of intelligence and legal experts, the report examines the extent of NSA programs and calls for dozens of urgent and practical reforms. The result is a blueprint showing how the government can reaffirm its commitment to privacy and civil liberties—without compromising national security.
Download or read book The National Security Constitution written by Harold Hongju Koh and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 1990-01-01 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses the Iran-Contra affair and its implications.
Download or read book National Security Letters Reform Act of 2007 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights, and Civil Liberties and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
