Download or read book Nanostructured Thin Films for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells written by Jongsik Yoon and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goals of this work were to synthesize high performance perovskite based thin film solid oxide fuel cell (TF-SOFC) cathodes by pulsed laser deposition (PLD), to study the structural, electrical and electrochemical properties of these cathodes and to establish structure-property relations for these cathodes in order to further improve their properties and design new structures. Nanostructured cathode thin films with vertically-aligned nanopores (VANP) were processed using PLD. These VANP structures enhance the oxygen-gas phase diffusivity, thus improve the overall TF-SOFC performance. La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 (LSCO) and La0.4Sr0.6Co0.8Fe0.2O3 (LSCFO) were deposited on various substrates (YSZ, Si and pressed Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (CGO) disks). Microstructures and properties of the nanostructured cathodes were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), high resolution TEM (HRTEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. A thin layer of vertically-aligned nanocomposite (VAN) structure was deposited in between the CGO electrolyte and the thin film LSCO cathode layer for TF-SOFCs. The VAN structure consists of the electrolyte and the cathode materials in the composition of (CGO) 0.5 (LSCO) 0.5. The self-assembled VAN nanostructures contain highly ordered alternating vertical columns formed through a one-step thin film deposition using a PLD technique. These VAN structures significantly increase the interface area between the electrolyte and the cathode as well as the area of active triple phase boundary (TPB), thus improving the overall TF-SOFC performance at low temperatures, as low as 400oC, demonstrated by EIS measurements. In addition, the binary VAN interlayer could act as the transition layer that improves the adhesion and relieves the thermal stress and lattice strain between the cathode and the electrolyte. The microstructural properties and growth mechanisms of CGO thin film prepared by PLD technique were investigated. Thin film CGO electrolytes with different grain sizes and crystal structures were prepared on single crystal YSZ substrates under different deposition conditions. The effect of the deposition conditions such as substrate temperature and laser ablation energy on the microstructural properties of these films are examined using XRD, TEM, SEM, and optical microscope. CGO thin film deposited above 500 o.C starts to show epitaxial growth on YSZ substrates. The present study suggests that substrate temperature significantly influences the microstructure of the films especially film grain size.

Download or read book Organic Nanostructured Thin Film Devices and Coatings for Clean Energy written by Sam Zhang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-06-18 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Authored by leading experts from around the world, the three-volume Handbook of Nanostructured Thin Films and Coatings gives scientific researchers and product engineers a resource as dynamic and flexible as the field itself. The first two volumes cover the latest research and application of the mechanical and functional properties of thin films an

Download or read book Nanostructured Thin Film Electrolyte for Thin Film Solid Oxide Fuel Cells written by Sungmee Cho and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are very attractive as energy generation devices because they are clean, reliable, and almost entirely pollution-free. SOFCs have flexible fuel selections compared with other fuel cell technologies. The main disadvantage of SOFCs is their high operating temperature (~1000°C for conventional SOFCs) which leads to cell cracking and formation of non-conducting compounds at electrolyte/electrode interfaces. Therefore, intermediate temperature SOFCs (ITSOFCs) in the range of 500-700°C has attracted extensive research interests. To achieve high cell performance at reduced temperatures, it requires high-catalytic activity, high ionic conductivity, and comparable thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) of the cell components. To address the above issues, the research focuses on two main approaches (i.e., the interlayer approach and the electrolyte approach) in order to improve the overall cell performance. First, the design of a thin layer of a vertically-aligned nanocomposite (VAN) structure as an interlayer between the electrolyte and cathode is demonstrated. The development of the VAN structures consisted of the cathode material as a perovskite or ordered double perovskite structure, La0.5Sr0.5CoO3 (LSCO) or PrBaCo2O5 delta (PBCO), and the electrolyte material as a fluorite structure, Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 (CGO or GDC), were achieved for thin film solid oxide fuel cell (TFSOFCs). The VAN structure significantly improves the overall performance of the TFSOFC by increasing the interfacial area between the electrolyte and cathode and also acts as a transition layer that improves adhesion and relieves both thermal stress and lattice strain. Second, microstructural and electrical properties of Gd-doped CeO (GDC, Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95) thin films electrolyte are studied for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The GDC thin film electrolytes with different grain sizes and grain morphologies were prepared by varying the deposition parameters such as substrate temperature, oxygen partial pressure, target repetition rate, and laser ablation energy. The electrical property of the GDC thin film is strongly affected by the grain size. Third, bilayer electrolytes composed of a gadolinium-doped CeO2 (GDC) layer (~6 micrometer thickness) and an yttria-stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ) layer with various thicknesses (~330 nm, ~440 nm, and ~1 micrometer) are achieved by a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique for thin film solid oxide fuel cells (TFSOFCs). One effective approach is to incorporate YSZ thin film as a blocking layer in between the GDC and anode for preventing chemical reduction of GDC and electrical current leakage. This bilayer approach effectively improves the GDC's chemical/ mechanical stability and reduces the OCV loss under reducing conditions. The results suggest that the YSZ thin film serves as a blocking layer for preventing electrical current leakage in the GDC layer and also provides chemical, mechanical, and structural integrity in the cell, which leads to the overall enhanced performance.

Download or read book Nanostructured and Advanced Materials for Fuel Cells written by San Ping Jiang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-12-07 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Boasting chapters written by leading international experts, Nanostructured and Advanced Materials for Fuel Cells provides an overview of the progress that has been made so far in the material and catalyst development for fuel cells. The book covers the most recent developments detailing all aspects of synthesis, characterization, and performance.It

Download or read book Functional Thin Films Technology written by Sam Zhang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-08-08 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Functional Thin Films Technology features the functional aspects of thin films, such as their application in solar selective absorbers, fiber lasers, solid oxide fuel cells, piezo-related areas, catalysts, superhydrophobicity, semiconductors, and trace pesticides detection. It highlights developments and advances in the preparation, characterization, and applications of functional micro-/nano-scaled films and coatings. This book Presents technologies aimed at functionality used in nanoelectronics, solar selective absorbers, solid oxide fuel cells, piezo-applications, and sensors Covers absorbers, catalysts, anodic aluminum oxide, superhydrophobics, and semiconductor devices Features a chapter on transport phenomena associated to structures Discusses transport phenomena and material informatics This second volume in the two-volume set, Protective Thin Coatings and Functional Thin Films Technology, will benefit industry professionals and researchers working in areas related to semiconductors, optoelectronics, plasma technology, solid-state energy storages, and 5G, as well as advanced students studying electrical, mechanical, chemical, and materials engineering.

Download or read book Grain size Effects in Nanoscaled Electrolyte and Cathode Thin Films for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells SOFC written by Christoph Peters and published by KIT Scientific Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to their high energy conversion efficiencies and low emissions, Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) show promise as a replacement for combustion-based electrical generators at all sizes. Further increase of SOFC efficiency can be achieved by microstructural optimization of the oxygen-ion conducting electrolyte and the mixed ionic-electronic conducting cathode. By application of nanoscaled thin films, the exceptionally high efficiency allows the realization of mobile SOFCs.

Download or read book Engineered Interfaces and Nano scale Thin Films for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Electrolytes written by Manjula I. Nandasiri and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid state electrolytes with high oxygen ionic conductivity at low temperatures are required to develop cost effective and efficient solid oxide fuel cells. This study investigates the influence of engineered interfaces on the oxygen ionic conductivity of nanoscale multilayer thin film electrolytes. The epitaxial Sm2O3 doped CeO2 (SDC) and Sc2O3 stabilized ZrO2 (ScSZ) are selected as the alternative layers for the proposed multilayer thin film electrolyte based on the optimum structural, chemical, and electrical properties reported in the previous studies. The epitaxial SDC(111)/ScSZ(111) multilayer thin films are grown on high purity Al2O3(0001) substrates by oxygen plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Prior to the deposition of multilayers, the growth parameters are optimized for epitaxial CeO2, ZrO2, SDC, and ScSZ thin films. The epitaxial orientation and surface morphology of CeO2 thin films shows dependency on the growth rate. Epitaxial CeO2(111) is obtained at relatively high growth rates at a substrate temperature of 650°C and an oxygen partial pressure of 2 × 10-5 Torr. The same growth parameters are used for the deposition of ZrO2 thin films. ZrO2 exhibits both monoclinic and cubic phases, which is stabilized in the cubic structure by doping with Sc2O3. The Sm and Sc evaporation rates are varied during the growth to obtain thin films of 15 mol % SmO1.5 doped CeO2 and 20 mol % ScO1.5 stabilized ZrO2, respectively. The SDC/ScSZ multilayer thin films are grown using the same growth parameters by varying the number of layers. The SDC/ScSZ multilayer thin films show significant enhancement in the oxygen ionic conductivity in comparison to single layer SDC and ScSZ thin films. The increase in the oxygen ionic conductivity with the increase in number of layers can be attributed to lattice mismatch induced ionic conductivity along the interfaces. The 8-layer film exhibits the maximum oxygen ionic conductivity with one order of magnitude enhancement in the temperature range of 500-800°C compared to single layer thin films.

Download or read book Oxide Thin Films and Nanostructures written by Falko P. Netzer and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-02-25 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanostructured oxide materials - ultra-thin films, nanoparticles and other nanometer-scale objects - play prominent roles in many aspects of our every-day life, in nature and in technological applications, among which is the all-oxide electronics of tomorrow. Due to their reduced dimensions and dimensionality, they strongly interact with their environment: gaseous atmosphere, water or support. Their novel physical and chemical properties are the subject of this book, from both a fundamental and an applied perspective. Oxide Thin Films and Nanostructures reviews and illustrates the various methodologies for their growth, fabrication, experimental and theoretical characterization. The role of key parameters such as film thickness, nanoparticle size and support interactions in driving their fundamental properties is underlined. At the ultimate thickness limit, two-dimensional oxide materials are generated, whose functionalities and potential applications are described. The emerging field of cation mixing is mentioned, which opens new avenues for engineering many oxide properties, as witnessed by natural oxide nanomaterials such as clay minerals, which, beyond their role at the Earth's surface, are now widely used in a whole range of human activities. Oxide nanomaterials are involved in many interdisciplinary fields of advanced nanotechnologies. Catalysis, photocatalysis, solar energy materials, fuel cells, corrosion protection, and biotechnological applications are amongst the areas where they are making an impact. The book outlines prototypical examples. A cautious glimpse into future developments of scientific activity is finally ventured to round off the presentation.

Download or read book Metal Oxide Based Thin Film Structures written by Nini Pryds and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-09-07 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal Oxide-Based Thin Film Structures: Formation, Characterization and Application of Interface-Based Phenomena bridges the gap between thin film deposition and device development by exploring the synthesis, properties and applications of thin film interfaces. Part I deals with theoretical and experimental aspects of epitaxial growth, the structure and morphology of oxide-metal interfaces deposited with different deposition techniques and new developments in growth methods. Part II concerns analysis techniques for the electrical, optical, magnetic and structural properties of thin film interfaces. In Part III, the emphasis is on ionic and electronic transport at the interfaces of Metal-oxide thin films. Part IV discusses methods for tailoring metal oxide thin film interfaces for specific applications, including microelectronics, communication, optical electronics, catalysis, and energy generation and conservation. This book is an essential resource for anyone seeking to further their knowledge of metal oxide thin films and interfaces, including scientists and engineers working on electronic devices and energy systems and those engaged in research into electronic materials. Introduces the theoretical and experimental aspects of epitaxial growth for the benefit of readers new to the field Explores state-of-the-art analysis techniques and their application to interface properties in order to give a fuller understanding of the relationship between macroscopic properties and atomic-scale manipulation Discusses techniques for tailoring thin film interfaces for specific applications, including information, electronics and energy technologies, making this book essential reading for materials scientists and engineers alike

Download or read book Chemically Deposited Nanocrystalline Metal Oxide Thin Films written by Fabian I. Ezema and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-26 with total page 926 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book guides beginners in the areas of thin film preparation, characterization, and device making, while providing insight into these areas for experts. As chemically deposited metal oxides are currently gaining attention in development of devices such as solar cells, supercapacitors, batteries, sensors, etc., the book illustrates how the chemical deposition route is emerging as a relatively inexpensive, simple, and convenient solution for large area deposition. The advancement in the nanostructured materials for the development of devices is fully discussed.

Download or read book Nanostructured Thin Films and Coatings written by Sam Zhang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-06-18 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Authored by leading experts from around the world, the three-volume Handbook of Nanostructured Thin Films and Coatings gives scientific researchers and product engineers a resource as dynamic and flexible as the field itself. The first two volumes cover the latest research and application of the mechanical and functional properties of thin films an

Download or read book Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells written by Zongping Shao and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-12 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses recent advances in intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs), focusing on material development and design, mechanism study, reaction kinetics and practical applications. It consists of five chapters presenting different types of reactions and materials employed in electrolytes, cathodes, anodes, interconnects and sealants for IT-SOFCs. It also includes two chapters highlighting new aspects of these solid oxide fuel cells and exploring their practical applications. This insightful and useful book appeals to a wide readership in various fields, including solid oxide fuel cells, electrochemistry, membranes and ceramics. Zongping Shao is a Professor at the State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and the College of Energy, Nanjing University of Technology, China. Moses O. Tade is a Professor at the Department of Chemical Engineering, Curtin University, Australia.

Download or read book Nanostructured Thin Films and Coatings written by Sam Zhang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-06-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Authored by leading experts from around the world, the three-volume Handbook of Nanostructured Thin Films and Coatings gives scientific researchers and product engineers a resource as dynamic and flexible as the field itself. The first two volumes cover the latest research and application of the mechanical and functional properties of thin films and coatings, while the third volume explores the cutting-edge organic nanostructured devices used to produce clean energy. This second volume, Nanostructured Thin Films and Coatings: Functional Properties, focuses on functional properties (i.e., optical, electronic, and electrical) and related devices and applications. It also addresses topics such as: Large-scale fabrication of functional thin films using nanoarchitecture via chemical routes Fabrication and characterization of SiC nanostructured/nanocomposite films Low-dimensional nanocomposite fabrication and its applications Optical and optoelectronic properties of silicon nanocrystals embedded in SiO2 matrix Electrical properties of silicon nanocrystals embedded in amorphous SiO2 matrix Optical aspects of properties and applications of sol-gel-derived nanostructured thin films Controllably micro/nanostructured films and devices Thin-film shape memory alloy for microsystem applications A complete resource, this handbook provides the detailed explanations that newcomers need, as well as the latest cutting-edge research and data for experts. Covering a wide range of mechanical and functional technologies, including those used in clean energy, these books also feature figures, tables, and images that will aid research and help professionals acquire and maintain a solid grasp of this burgeoning field. The Handbook of Nanostructured Thin Films and Coatings is composed of this volume and two others: Nanostructured Thin Films and Coatings: Mechanical Properties Organic Nanostructured Thin Film Devices and Coatings for Clean Energy

Download or read book Thin Film Structures in Energy Applications written by Suresh Babu Krishna Moorthy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-10 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of thin film structures in energy applications. Each chapter contains both fundamentals principles for each thin film structure as well as the relevant energy application technologies. The authors cover thin films for a variety of energy sectors including inorganic and organic solar cells, DSSCs, solid oxide fuel cells, thermoelectrics, phosphors and cutting tools.

Download or read book Nanostructured Semiconductors written by Serge Zhuiykov and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2018-01-02 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanostructured Semiconductors focuses on the development of semiconductor nanocrystals, their technologies and applications, including energy harvesting, solar cells, solid oxide fuel cells, and chemical sensors. Semiconductor oxides are used in electronics, optics, catalysts, sensors, and other functional devices. In their 2D form, the reduction in size confers exceptional properties, useful for creating faster electronics and more efficient catalysts. Since the first edition of the book, there has been significant progress in the development of new functional nanomaterials with unique and sometimes unpredictable quantum-confined properties within the class what it called two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors. These nanocrystals represent extremely thin nano-structures with thickness of just few nano-meters. Since that time, not only were 2D semiconductor oxides further developed, more importantly, 2D metal dichalcogenides, such as MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, WSe2 and others also progressed significantly in their development demonstrating their superior properties compared to their bulk and microstructural counterparts. The book has been expanded to include these advancements. The book begins with the structure and properties of semiconductor nanocrystals (chapter 1), addresses electronic device applications (chapter 2), discusses 2-Dimensional oxides and dichalcogenide semiconductors (chapters 3 through 5), and ends with energy, environment, and bio applications (chapters 6 through 8). Focuses on the development of semiconductor nanocrystals and their technologies and applications, including energy harvesting, solar cells, solid oxide fuel cells and chemical sensors Include other 2D materials, such as dichalcogenides to present a comprehensive resource on the latest advancements in nanostructured semiconductors Reviews the fundamental physics of conductivity and electron arrangement before proceeding to practical applications Contains a unique chapter dedicated to the new atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique which has the ability to develop 2D nanostructures with great precision

Download or read book Atomic Layer Deposition for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells written by Cheng-Chieh Chao and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are attractive because of their high energy conversion efficiency in the usage of fuels ranging from hydrogen to hydrocarbons. Nevertheless, they have limited applications because this high efficiency requires high operating temperatures, which pose significant engineering challenges, diminishing the SOFCs practicality for applications such as portable power sources. Lowering the operating temperatures of SOFCs would improve thermal stability and offer shorter start-up times, which in turn would broaden their use as auxiliary power units for automobiles. Although many studies have aimed at lowering SOFC operating temperatures, the resulting temperature reduction has been inevitably accompanied by a decrease in fuel cell performance. A critical bottleneck in reducing the operating temperature is the sluggish oxygen incorporation kinetics at the cathode/electrolyte interface at low temperatures. To improve the oxygen incorporation kinetics at the cathode/electrolyte interface, yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte membranes were surface modified by adding a one-nanometer thin, high-yttria concentration YSZ film with the help of atomic layer deposition (ALD). The addition of the one-nanometer film led to an increase of the maximum power density of a SOFC by a factor of 1.50. The enhanced performance can be attributed to an increased oxygen incorporation rate on the surface of the modified electrolyte. To further examine the effect of surface modification with ALD YSZ, isotope exchange/depth profiling (IEDP) was used for collecting the spectrometric evidences of enhanced oxygen isotope exchange kinetics. From the IEDP result, we found that the surface modified YSZ electrolyte demonstrated superior exchange kinetics, which verified our previous observation in the electrolyte's improved electrochemical performance. Through custom tailoring the surface with ALD, we were able to enhance the oxygen incorporation kinetics of our electrolyte. In the next experiment, we deposited nanostructured platinum catalysts with high triple phase boundary (TPB) densities, which increased the oxygen incorporation rate at low temperatures. To fabricate such catalyst, we studied the nucleation behavior of ALD platinum with plan-view TEM, and identified the deposition condition which produced the nanostructure with a high TPB density. We then introduced the nanostructured platinum catalyst in fabricating the membrane electrode assembly (MEA), and characterized the electrochemical performance of the MEA. As a result, a 90% performance enhancement was observed in the MEA with the addition of the nanostructured catalyst. Finally, we fabricated a high perforamce thin-film micro-SOFC, which allowed us to reduce the SOFC operating temperature. This micro-SOFC was composed of a corrugated thin-film electrolyte membrane fabricated by nanosphere lithography (NSL) and ALD, which showed a hexagonal-pyramid array nanostructure. The resulting micro-SOFC demonstrated a reduction in polarization and ohmic losses, and achieved a power density of 1.34 W/cm2 at 500 °C. In the future, arrays of micro-SOFCs with high power density may enable a range of mobile and portable power applications.

Download or read book Nanostructured Thin Films written by Maria Benelmekki and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-08-25 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanostructured Thin Films: Fundamentals and Applications presents an overview of the synthesis and characterization of thin films and their nanocomposites. Both vapor phase and liquid phase approaches are discussed, along with the methods that are sufficiently attractive for large-scale production. Examples of applications in clean energy, sensors, biomedicine, anticorrosion and surface modification are also included. As the applications of thin films in nanomedicine, cell phones, solar cell-powered devices, and in the protection of structural materials continues to grow, this book presents an important research reference for anyone seeking an informed overview on their structure and applications. Shows how thin films are being used to create more efficient devices in the fields of medicine and energy harvesting Discusses how to alter the design of nanostructured thin films by vapor phase and liquid phase methods Explores how modifying the structure of thin films for specific applications enhances their performance