Download or read book Nanoscale Optical and Correlative Microscopies for Quantitative Characterization of DNA Nanostructures written by Christopher Michael Green and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Methods to engineer nanomaterials and devices with uniquely tailored properties are highly sought after in fields such as manufacturing, medicine, energy, and the environment. The macromolecule deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) enables programmable self-assembly of nanostructures with near arbitrary shape and size and with unprecedented precision and accuracy. Additionally, DNA can be chemically modified to attach molecules and nanoparticles, providing a means to organize active materials into devices with unique or enhanced properties. One particularly powerful form of DNA-based self-assembly, DNA origami, provides robust structures with the potential for nanometer-scale resolution of addressable sites. DNA origami are assembled from one large DNA "scaffold" strand and many unique, short "staple" strands; each staple programmatically binds the scaffold at several distant domains, and the coordinated interactions of many staples with the scaffold act to fold the scaffold into a desired shape. The utility of DNA origami has been demonstrated through multiple applications, such as plasmonic and photonic devices, electronic device patterning, information storage, drug delivery, and biosensors. Despite the promise of DNA nanotechnology, few products have successfully translated from the laboratory to industry. Achieving high yield and high-precision synthesis of stable DNA nanostructures is one of the biggest challenges to applications of DNA nanostructures. For adoption in manufacturing, methods to measure and inspect assembled structures (i.e. metrology) are essential. Common high-resolution imaging techniques used to characterize DNA nanostructures, such as atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, cannot facilitate high-throughput characterization, and few studies have been directed towards the development of improved methods for nanoscale metrology. DNA-PAINT super-resolution microscopy enables high-resolution, multiplexed imaging of reactive sites on DNA nanostructures and offers the potential for inline optical metrology. In this work, nanoscale metrologies utilizing DNA-PAINT were developed for DNA nanostructures and applied to characterize DNA origami arrays and single site defects on DNA origami. For metrology of DNA origami arrays, an embedded, multiplexed optical super-resolution methodology was developed to characterize the periodic structure and defects of two-dimensional arrays. Images revealed the spatial arrangement of structures within the arrays, internal array defects, and grain boundaries between arrays, enabling the reconstruction of arrays from the images. The nature of the imaging technique is also highly compatible with statistical methods, enabling rapid statistical analysis of synthesis conditions. To obtain a greater understanding of DNA origami defects at the scale of individual strands, correlative super-resolution and atomic force microscopies were enabled through the development of a simple and flexibl."--Boise State University ScholarWorks.

Download or read book Handbook of Microscopy for Nanotechnology written by Nan Yao and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-07-12 with total page 745 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanostructured materials take on an enormously rich variety of properties and promise exciting new advances in micromechanical, electronic, and magnetic devices as well as in molecular fabrications. The structure-composition-processing-property relationships for these sub 100 nm-sized materials can only be understood by employing an array of modern microscopy and microanalysis tools. Handbook of Microscopy for Nanotechnology aims to provide an overview of the basics and applications of various microscopy techniques for nanotechnology. This handbook highlights various key microcopic techniques and their applications in this fast-growing field. Topics to be covered include the following: scanning near field optical microscopy, confocal optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, magnetic force microscopy, scanning turning microscopy, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, orientational imaging microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, environmental transmission electron microscopy, quantitative electron diffraction, Lorentz microscopy, electron holography, 3-D transmission electron microscopy, high-spatial resolution quantitative microanalysis, electron-energy-loss spectroscopy and spectral imaging, focused ion beam, secondary ion microscopy, and field ion microscopy.

Download or read book Nanocharacterisation written by Royal Society of Chemistry (Great Britain) and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2007 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanocharacterisation is a rapidly developing field. Contributions in this book from across the globe provide an overview of the different microscopic techniques for the characterisation of nanostructures.

Download or read book Progress in Nanoscale Characterization and Manipulation written by Rongming Wang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-30 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on charged-particle optics and microscopy, as well as their applications in the materials sciences. Presenting a range of cutting-edge theoretical and methodological advances in electron microscopy and microanalysis, and examining their crucial roles in modern materials research, it offers a unique resource for all researchers who work in ultramicroscopy and/or materials research. The book addresses the growing opportunities in this field and introduces readers to the state of the art in charged-particle microscopy techniques. It showcases recent advances in scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and helium ion microscopy, including advanced spectroscopy, spherical-corrected microscopy, focused-ion imaging and in-situ microscopy. Covering these and other essential topics, the book is intended to facilitate the development of microscopy techniques, inspire young researchers, and make a valuable contribution to the field.

Download or read book Scanning Microscopy for Nanotechnology written by Weilie Zhou and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-03-09 with total page 533 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fundamentals and applications for nanotechnology. It includes integrated fabrication techniques using the SEM, such as e-beam and FIB, and it covers in-situ nanomanipulation of materials. The book is written by international experts from the top nano-research groups that specialize in nanomaterials characterization. The book will appeal to nanomaterials researchers, and to SEM development specialists.

Download or read book Characterization of Nanostructures by Near field Scanning Optical Microscopy written by Weifeng Lin and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Characterization of Nanostructures by Near-Field Scanning Optical MicroscopyAbstractThis thesis research focuses on applying near-field scanning optical microscopy to characterize designed nanostructures. The near-field imaging concept is based on Synge's idea that a light source with size smaller than the wavelength can scan a sample point-by-point, sequentially probing its optical property. Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) is a powerful imaging tool since it provides spectral information at nanoscale in correlation with morphological details. This thesis work utilizes a home-built apertureless NSOM for the investigation of designed nanostructures. In this design, NSOM light source was produced by excitation of commercial silicon nitride (Si3N4) AFM probes with an ultraviolet laser, e.g., 405 nm. Such a light source has the intrinsic advantages of stability, durability and high emission intensity. In addition, utilizing bright photoluminescent (PL) probes simplifies the separation and detection of near-field signals because the PL exhibits different wavelength from the far-field excitation beam.In terms of the nanostructures fabrication, a method utilizing particles lithography in sequence in conjunction with surface chemistry was developed to produce multicomponent nanostructures. Multicomponent nanostructures with individual geometry have attracted much attention because of their potential to carry out multifunctions synergistically by all components. A film of monodispersed particles serves as a structural mask to guide the deposition of different materials in a designed sequence. After the particle mask is displaced, multicomponent nanostructures are revealed with well-defined sizes and geometries. Such a method has the advantages of simplicity, a high throughput and the capability of patterning a broad range of materials. By changing the size of the particle template and deposition methods, feature size and geometry of the patterns can be well controlled. Furthermore, only one structural mask is applied during the entire patterning process. This method is straightforward and enables designing and constructing two- and three-dimensional structures tailored with designed functionalities. The aforementioned method can be extended to using different particle masks sequentially. Periodic metal nanostructures of Au and Cu have been produced sequentially using particle lithography, and the overlapped regions serve as Moire patterns at a nanometer scale. NSOM was applied to probe Moire effect directly at the nanometer scale. Moire effect in these regions can be directly visualized from NSOM images, from which periodicity and structural details are accurately determined. In addition, the near-field Moire effect was found to be very sensitive to structural changes, such as lateral displacement and/or rotations of the two basic arrays with respect to each other. Further, nanostructures of Cu exhibited higher photon transmission than Au from NSOM images. Collectively, NSOM enables direct visualization of Moire effect at nanoscale levels from optical read out, and without enhancements or modification of the structures. The results demonstrate the feasibility of extending applications of Moire effect-based techniques to nanometer levels.The same NSOM setup was utilized to investigate the upconversion metal enhancement effect. Rare-earth upconversion particle (RE-UCP) modified AFM probes were successfully fabricated by attaching RE-UCP to the apex of the AFM probe with glue. The optical properties of the probes were investigated. Under illumination of the 980 nm laser, they emit green light, which is consistent with single crystal behavior. The RE-UCP modified AFM probe was utilized as a NSOM probe to investigate the metal enhancement effect. Upon contact, 1.59-fold enhancements in blue peak and 1.63-fold enhancements in red peak are observed. Such a method provides an alternate tool in the study of the metal enhancement effect within complex surface structures.

Download or read book Electron Microscopy Characterization of Nanoparticles for Biomedical Application written by Yitian Zeng and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past two decades, nanotechnology has demonstrated great potential in the field of biology and medicine. Nanomaterials, such as gold nanoparticles, with their superior chemical and physical properties, are widely used in a variety of biomedical research, ways ranging from cancer early detection (e.g. liquid biopsy) to treatment (e.g. hyperthermia therapy). On the other hand, advances in nano characterization techniques have enabled new investigations of naturally occurring nanoscale features in the body, in order to understand the pathological processes associated with them. This dissertation describes the use of advanced electron microscopy to characterize nanomaterials of relevance to the field of medicine. Some nanoparticles are lithographically fabricated, some are chemically synthesized, and others are directly extracted from tissues and cells. The morphological, crystallographic, chemical, optical and other physical properties of these nanoparticles are evaluated using a combination of imaging, diffraction and advanced spectroscopy techniques in a transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). In the first part of this work, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) gold nanoparticles were optimized for sensitive detection of tumors by correlating localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR) with surface enhancement. Electron beam lithography was used to prototype gold nanostructures with a wide variety of shapes, size, interspacing and in different dielectric environments. The LSPR of these structures were measured using electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in a transmission electron microscope operated in scanning mode (STEM) with monochromation. It is found that nanoparticle size and dielectric environment have the most significant effects on localized surface plasmons, which is collective oscillation modes of the free electron gas at the metal surface. By contrast, interspacing has a weaker influence on surface plasmons for the range studied in this dissertation. Larger nanoparticle size and higher dielectric constant result in lower surface plasmon energies. The novelty of this work is that the LSPR from various nanostructure arrays were correlated with their Raman spectra acquired at different illuminating laser energies after incubation with a Raman dye. It is demonstrated that the largest Raman signal intensities are obtained when the illuminating laser energy coincides with, or is slightly higher than, the gold nanoparticle surface plasmon resonance energies (e.g. 90 nm diameter nanodisc particles with a LSPR energy of 1.94 eV show strongest Raman signal enhancement under a 638 nm (1.94 eV) wavelength laser excitation). By comparing various nanostructure shapes with similar surface plasmon energies, it is shown that sharper nanostructures tend to exhibit stronger surface enhancement. This information is useful in designing nanoparticle combinations to generate the largest SERS enhancement for detection of early stage medical problems such as cancer. The second part of this work is focused on naturally occurring particles, in particular, iron deposits in the hippocampal region of a brain to understand the pathological processes related to Alzheimer's diseases (AD). Recent work on iron accumulation in AD brains has led researchers to hypothesize that the oxidation state of iron may be related to neurodegeneration because ferrous iron, compared with ferric iron, may cause oxidative damage and antioxidant depletion on neurons. First, iron rich regions from AD brain tissues were located using correlative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), optical microscopy (OM), SEM and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Cross-sections of tissue containing iron deposits were then extracted using focused ion beam (FIB) and subsequently thinned to make them electron transparent. The relative concentrations of ferric and ferrous ions within the iron deposits were determined by studying the intensity ratios of Fe L3:L2 edges from the energy loss near edge structure (ELNES) of the Fe L edge using monochromated STEM-EELS as above. Massive correlation across biological and physical microscopy and spectroscopy techniques was demonstrated for the first time in this work. These observations and insights provide supporting evidence of ferrous iron as being possibly associated with AD. The third and final section addresses characterization of artificial and natural nanoparticle composites. These hybrid nanoparticles, fabricated via a simple extrusion method, can greatly increase the target specificity and cellular uptake in various biomedical applications such as cancer imaging and drug delivery. A negative staining technique was utilized to provide contrast of biological components of these nanoparticles in TEM, and specific proteins of interest were labeled with antibodies conjugated to 100 nm diameter gold iron oxide nanoparticles (GIONs). The combination of superior magnetic, photonic and other physical properties from artificial nanoparticles, along with cellular specificity and biological compatibility from natural nanoparticles makes these hybrid nanoparticles useful for multi-modality imaging and possible medical treatment. Overall, electron microscopy is a versatile and powerful methodology for characterization of a wide variety of nanomaterials. Advanced microscopic and spectroscopic techniques such as monochromatic STEM-EELS and EDS, which are rarely used in the life sciences, have great potential in bringing unique insight into biomedical research.

Download or read book Structural DNA Nanotechnology written by Nadrian C. Seeman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by the founder of the field, this is a comprehensive and accessible introduction to structural DNA nanotechnology.

Download or read book Single Molecule Super resolution Microscopy Study on the Precision with which DNA Nanostructures Can Orient Fluorescent Dyes written by Brett Michael Ward and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "DNA nanotechnology enables the rapid, programmable self-assembly of novel structures and devices at the nanoscale. Utilizing the simplicity of Watson-Crick base pairing, DNA nanostructures are capable of assembling a variety of nanoparticles in arbitrary configurations with relative ease. Several emerging opto-electronic systems require a high degree of control of both the position and orientation of component fluorescent molecules, and while DNA nanostructures have demonstrated these capabilities, the precision with which DNA can orient fluorescent molecules is not well understood. Determining these bounds is critical in establishing the viability of DNA nanotechnology as a method of assembling fluorescent molecular networks. In this work, using a combination of single molecule emission dipole imaging and super-resolution microscopy techniques, we correlate the orientations of fluorescent dye molecules to the orientations of their DNA substrates along five degrees of freedom. Several species of dyes were embedded within a DNA sequence using either one or two covalent tethers. These strands were incorporated directly into DNA origami structures to investigate the dependence of the location and binding architecture of the dye on the orientational precision of DNA nanostructures. Dye functionalized strands were also folded into a simpler four-arm junction, which was then immobilized on an origami structure to study the influence of the DNA substrate on dye orientation. Correlated analysis of super-resolution images of origami structures and single molecule emission dipole images from the embedded fluorescent molecule within the same structure allowed us to directly measure the relative orientations of dye molecules within DNA nanostructures. The resulting measurements revealed a moderate degree of polar angle control but a large variation in azimuthal control for the majority of structures examined. These measurements establish a single-molecule method for measurement of correlated orientations and provide a powerful approach for future studies on increasing the precision in the orientational control of fluorescent dye molecule monomers by DNA nanostructures."--Boise State University ScholarWorks.

Download or read book Super Resolution Microscopy written by Udo J. Birk and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-12-04 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book on super-resolution microscopy techniques presents comparative, in-depth analyses of the strengths and weaknesses of the individual approaches. It was written for non-experts who need to understand the principles of super-resolution or who wish to use recently commercialized instruments as well as for professionals who plan to realize novel microscopic devices. Explaining the practical requirements in terms of hardware, software and sample preparation, the book offers a wealth of hands-on tips and practical tricks to get a setup running, provides invaluable help and support for successful data acquisition and specific advice in the context of data analysis and visualization. Furthermore, it addresses a wide array of transdisciplinary fields of applications. The author begins by outlining the joint efforts that have led to achieving super-resolution microscopy combining advances in single-molecule photo-physics, fluorophore design and fluorescent labeling, instrument design and software development. The following chapters depict and compare current main standard techniques such as structured illumination microscopy, single-molecule localization, stimulated emission depletion microscopy and multi-scale imaging including light-sheet and expansion microscopy. For each individual approach the experimental setups are introduced, the imaging protocols are provided and the various applications illustrated. The book concludes with a discussion of future challenges addressing issues of routine applications and further commercialization of the available methods. Guiding users in how to make choices for the design of their own experiments from scratch to promising application, this one-stop resource is intended for researchers in the applied sciences, from chemistry to biology and medicine to physics and engineering.

Download or read book Optical Antennas written by Mario Agio and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-03 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This consistent and systematic review of recent advances in optical antenna theory and practice brings together leading experts in the fields of electrical engineering, nano-optics and nano-photonics, physical chemistry and nanofabrication. Fundamental concepts and functionalities relevant to optical antennas are explained, together with key principles for optical antenna modelling, design and characterisation. Recognising the tremendous potential of this technology, practical applications are also outlined. Presenting a clear translation of the concepts of radio antenna design, near-field optics and field-enhanced spectroscopy into optical antennas, this interdisciplinary book is an indispensable resource for researchers and graduate students in engineering, optics and photonics, physics and chemistry.

Download or read book Correlative Light and Electron MIcroscopy written by Thomas Muller-Reichert and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-08-10 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The combination of electron microscopy with transmitted light microscopy (termed correlative light and electron microscopy; CLEM) has been employed for decades to generate molecular identification that can be visualized by a dark, electron-dense precipitate. This new volume of Methods in Cell Biology covers many areas of CLEM, including a brief history and overview on CLEM methods, imaging of intermediate stages of meiotic spindle assembly in C. elegans embryos using CLEM, and capturing endocytic segregation events with HPF-CLEM. Covers many areas of CLEM by the best international scientists in the field Includes a brief history and overview on CLEM methods

Download or read book Campanian Foraminifera from the Stanford University Campus California written by Joseph John Graham and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Optical Microscopic and Spectroscopic Techniques Targeting Biological Applications written by Vicente Micó and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-10-22 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fluorescent Nanodiamonds written by Huan-Cheng Chang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-11-12 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most comprehensive reference on fluorescent nanodiamond physical and chemical properties and contemporary applications Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) have drawn a great deal of attention over the past several years, and their applications and development potential are proving to be manifold and vast. The first and only book of its kind, Fluorescent Nanodiamonds is a comprehensive guide to the basic science and technical information needed to fully understand the fundamentals of FNDs and their potential applications across an array of domains. In demonstrating the importance of FNDs in biological applications, the authors bring together all relevant chemistry, physics, materials science and biology. Nanodiamonds are produced by powerful cataclysmic events such as explosions, volcanic eruptions and meteorite impacts. They also can be created in the lab by high-pressure high-temperature treatment of graphite or detonating an explosive in a reactor vessel. A single imperfection can give a nanodiamond a specific, isolated color center which allows it to function as a single, trapped atom. Much smaller than the thickness of a human hair, a nanodiamond can have a huge surface area that allows it to bond with a variety of other materials. Because of their non-toxicity, nanodiamonds may be useful in biomedical applications, such as drug delivery and gene therapy. The most comprehensive reference on a topic of rapidly increasing interest among academic and industrial researchers across an array of fields Includes numerous case studies and practical examples from many areas of research and industrial applications, as well as fascinating and instructive historical perspectives Each chapter addresses, in-depth, a single integral topic including the fundamental properties, synthesis, mechanisms and functionalisation of FNDs The first book published by the key patent holder with his research group in the field of FNDs Fluorescent Nanodiamonds is an important working resource for a broad range of scientists and engineers in industry and academia. It will also be a welcome reference for instructors in chemistry, physics, materials science, biology and related fields.

Download or read book Nanopharmaceuticals Principles and Applications Vol 3 written by Vinod Kumar Yata and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-19 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the third volume on this subject and focuses on the recent advances of nanopharmaceuticals in cancer, dental, dermal and drug delivery applications and presents their safety, toxicity and therapeutic efficacy. The book also includes the transport phenomenon of nanomaterials and important pathways for drug delivery applications. It goes on to explain the toxicity of nanoparticles to different physiological systems and methods used to assess this for different organ systems using examples of in vivo systems.

Download or read book The Fragment Molecular Orbital Method written by Dmitri Fedorov and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-05-14 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Answering the need to facilitate quantum-chemical calculations of systems with thousands of atoms, Kazuo Kitaura and his coworkers developed the Fragment Molecular Orbital (FMO) method in 1999. Today, the FMO method can be applied to the study of whole proteins and protein-ligand interactions, and is extremely effective in calculating the propertie