Download or read book Nanoscale Engineering of Thin Film Morphology for Efficient Organic Photovoltaic Cells written by Richa Pandey and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book High Performance Thin Film Solar Cells Via Nanoscale Interface written by Yao-Tsung Hsieh and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has been 64 years since Bell Laboratories built the first silicon solar cell in 1954. The harnessing of the almost unlimited energy from the sun for human civilization seems not an untouchable dream anymore. However, the rapid growth of the global population companied with the growing demand to enable a decent life quality causes the energy issue more challenging than ever. Nowadays silicon solar cells continue to take a leading position, not only offering potential solutions for energy demands but also stimulating the development of various photovoltaic technologies. Among them, solution processible thin film solar cells attract most attentions due to multiple advantages over traditional silicon solar cells. In this dissertation, I focus on two most promising types of them: 1) kesterite solar cells and 2) hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells. Particularly I work on the grain growth mechanism and processing techniques via nanoscale interface engineering to improve materials thin film properties and device architecture design. In Chapter 3, Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 was used as a model system to demonstrate the kinetic control of solid-gas reactions at nanoscale by manipulating the surface chemistry of both sol-gel nanoparticles and colloidal nanocrystals. It was identified that thiourea (commonly used as sulfur sources for metal sulfides) can transform to melamine during the film formation, and melamine would serve as surface ligands for as-formed Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 nanoparticles. These surface ligands can affect the solid-gas reactions during the selenization, which enable us to control film morphologies and device performance by simply adjusting the amount of surface ligands. To further enhance Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 device performance, a systematic investigation on alkali metal doping effect was conducted. In Chapter 4, alkali metal-containing precursors were used to study influences on Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 film morphology, crystallinity and electronic properties. K-doped Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cells showed the best device performance. Due to the surface electronic inversion effect, various thickness of CdS buffer layers were tested on K-passivated Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 surface for further improving device efficiency. Over 8% power conversion efficiency of K-doped Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cell with 35 nm CdS has been reached. Finally, in Chapter 5, the hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite solar cells are introduced. We demonstrated a novel tandem device employing nanoscale interface engineering of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 surface alongside a heavy-doped poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] hole transporting layer between the two subcells that preserves open-circuit voltage, and enhanced both fill factor and short-circuit current. As a result, we have successfully doubled the previous efficiency record for a monolithic perovskite/Cu(In,Ga)Se2 tandem solar cell to 22.43% power conversion efficiency, which is the highest record among thin film monolithic tandem photovoltaic devices. The conclusion and future outlooks of my works on kesterite and perovskites solar cells are summarized in Chapter 6.

Download or read book Semiconductor Materials for Solar Photovoltaic Cells written by M. Parans Paranthaman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-16 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the current status of semiconductor materials for conversion of sunlight to electricity, and highlights advances in both basic science and manufacturing. Photovoltaic (PV) solar electric technology will be a significant contributor to world energy supplies when reliable, efficient PV power products are manufactured in large volumes at low cost. Expert chapters cover the full range of semiconductor materials for solar-to-electricity conversion, from crystalline silicon and amorphous silicon to cadmium telluride, copper indium gallium sulfide selenides, dye sensitized solar cells, organic solar cells, and environmentally friendly copper zinc tin sulfide selenides. The latest methods for synthesis and characterization of solar cell materials are described, together with techniques for measuring solar cell efficiency. Semiconductor Materials for Solar Photovoltaic Cells presents the current state of the art as well as key details about future strategies to increase the efficiency and reduce costs, with particular focus on how to reduce the gap between laboratory scale efficiency and commercial module efficiency. This book will aid materials scientists and engineers in identifying research priorities to fulfill energy needs, and will also enable researchers to understand novel semiconductor materials that are emerging in the solar market. This integrated approach also gives science and engineering students a sense of the excitement and relevance of materials science in the development of novel semiconductor materials. · Provides a comprehensive introduction to solar PV cell materials · Reviews current and future status of solar cells with respect to cost and efficiency · Covers the full range of solar cell materials, from silicon and thin films to dye sensitized and organic solar cells · Offers an in-depth account of the semiconductor material strategies and directions for further research · Features detailed tables on the world leaders in efficiency demonstrations · Edited by scientists with experience in both research and industry

Download or read book Interface and Morphology Engineering in Solution processed Electronic and Optoelectronic Devices written by Sanjib Das (Electrical engineer) and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first part of this dissertation focuses on interface and morphology engineering in polymer- and small molecule-based organic solar cells. High-performance devices were fabricated, and the device performance was correlated with nanoscale structures using various electrical, spectroscopic and microscopic characterization techniques, providing guidelines for high-efficiency cell design. The second part focuses on perovskite solar cells (PSCs), an emerging photovoltaic technology with skyrocketing rise in power conversion efficiency (PCE) and currently showing comparable PCEs with those of existing thin film photovoltaic technologies such as CIGS and CdTe. Fabrication of large-area PSCs without compromising reproducibility and device PCE requires formation of dense, pinhole-free and highly uniform perovskite thin films over large area, which remains a big challenge as of today. In this work, a scalable process, called ultrasonic spray-coating (USC), was thoroughly optimized to deposit dense and uniform perovskite thin films for high-efficiency PSCs. In order to realize high-performance flexible PSCs, a unique photonic curing technique was demonstrated to achieve highly conductive TiO2 as electron transport layer on flexible substrates. Moreover, the effect of processing conditions on perovskite film growth was evaluated and taken into account to increase PCE to more than 15%. In addition, a series of high-performance organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) were fabricated en route to demonstrate the versatility of the USC process. Several different polymer binders were used to modulate the lateral and vertical phase morphologies in OFETs, significantly improving the device performance. In summary, this research provides guidelines for the design and fabrication of high-performance solution-processed solar cells and field-effect transistors based on organic materials and hybrid perovskites, while presenting a viable route for large-scale fabrication.

Download or read book Nanostructured Thin Films written by Maria Benelmekki and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-08-25 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanostructured Thin Films: Fundamentals and Applications presents an overview of the synthesis and characterization of thin films and their nanocomposites. Both vapor phase and liquid phase approaches are discussed, along with the methods that are sufficiently attractive for large-scale production. Examples of applications in clean energy, sensors, biomedicine, anticorrosion and surface modification are also included. As the applications of thin films in nanomedicine, cell phones, solar cell-powered devices, and in the protection of structural materials continues to grow, this book presents an important research reference for anyone seeking an informed overview on their structure and applications. Shows how thin films are being used to create more efficient devices in the fields of medicine and energy harvesting Discusses how to alter the design of nanostructured thin films by vapor phase and liquid phase methods Explores how modifying the structure of thin films for specific applications enhances their performance

Download or read book Organic Nanostructured Thin Film Devices and Coatings for Clean Energy written by Sam Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Physics and Technology of Amorphous Crystalline Heterostructure Silicon Solar Cells written by Wilfried G. J. H. M. van Sark and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-11-16 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today’s solar cell multi-GW market is dominated by crystalline silicon (c-Si) wafer technology, however new cell concepts are entering the market. One very promising solar cell design to answer these needs is the silicon hetero-junction solar cell, of which the emitter and back surface field are basically produced by a low temperature growth of ultra-thin layers of amorphous silicon. In this design, amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) constitutes both „emitter“ and „base-contact/back surface field“ on both sides of a thin crystalline silicon wafer-base (c-Si) where the electrons and holes are photogenerated; at the same time, a-Si:H passivates the c-Si surface. Recently, cell efficiencies above 23% have been demonstrated for such solar cells. In this book, the editors present an overview of the state-of-the-art in physics and technology of amorphous-crystalline heterostructure silicon solar cells. The heterojunction concept is introduced, processes and resulting properties of the materials used in the cell and their heterointerfaces are discussed and characterization techniques and simulation tools are presented.

Download or read book Perovskite Solar Cells written by Shahzada Ahmad and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-03-14 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a thorough overview of perovskite research, written by leaders in the field of photovoltaics The use of perovskite-structured materials to produce high-efficiency solar cells is a subject of growing interest for academic researchers and industry professionals alike. Due to their excellent light absorption, longevity, and charge-carrier properties, perovskite solar cells show great promise as a low-cost, industry-scalable alternative to conventional photovoltaic cells. Perovskite Solar Cells: Materials, Processes, and Devices provides an up-to-date overview of the current state of perovskite solar cell research. Addressing the key areas in the rapidly growing field, this comprehensive volume covers novel materials, advanced theory, modelling and simulation, device physics, new processes, and the critical issue of solar cell stability. Contributions by an international panel of researchers highlight both the opportunities and challenges related to perovskite solar cells while offering detailed insights on topics such as the photon recycling processes, interfacial properties, and charge transfer principles of perovskite-based devices. Examines new compositions, hole and electron transport materials, lead-free materials, and 2D and 3D materials Covers interface modelling techniques, methods for modelling in two and three dimensions, and developments beyond Shockley-Queisser Theory Discusses new fabrication processes such as slot-die coating, roll processing, and vacuum sublimation Describes the device physics of perovskite solar cells, including recombination kinetics and optical absorption Explores innovative approaches to increase the light conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cells Perovskite Solar Cells: Materials, Processes, and Devices is essential reading for all those in the photovoltaic community, including materials scientists, surface physicists, surface chemists, solid state physicists, solid state chemists, and electrical engineers.

Download or read book Organic Solar Cells written by Qiquan Qiao and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-19 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current energy consumption mainly depends on fossil fuels that are limited and can cause environmental issues such as greenhouse gas emissions and global warming. These factors have stimulated the search for alternate, clean, and renewable energy sources. Solar cells are some of the most promising clean and readily available energy sources. Plus, the successful utilization of solar energy can help reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. Recently, organic solar cells have gained extensive attention as a next-generation photovoltaic technology due to their light weight, mechanical flexibility, and solution-based cost-effective processing. Organic Solar Cells: Materials, Devices, Interfaces, and Modeling provides an in-depth understanding of the current state of the art of organic solar cell technology. Encompassing the full spectrum of organic solar cell materials, modeling and simulation, and device physics and engineering, this comprehensive text: Discusses active layer, interfacial, and transparent electrode materials Explains how to relate synthesis parameters to morphology of the photoactive layer using molecular dynamics simulations Offers insight into coupling morphology and interfaces with charge transport in organic solar cells Explores photoexcited carrier dynamics, defect states, interface engineering, and nanophase separation Covers inorganic–organic hybrids, tandem structure, and graphene-based polymer solar cells Organic Solar Cells: Materials, Devices, Interfaces, and Modeling makes an ideal reference for scientists and engineers as well as researchers and students entering the field from broad disciplines including chemistry, material science and engineering, physics, nanotechnology, nanoscience, and electrical engineering.

Download or read book A Comprehensive Guide to Solar Energy Systems written by Trevor Letcher and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-05-17 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Comprehensive Guide to Solar Energy Systems: With Special Focus on Photovoltaic Systems, the most advanced and research focused text on all aspects of solar energy engineering, is a must have edition on the present state of solar technology, integration and worldwide distribution. In addition, the book provides a high-level assessment of the growth trends in photovoltaics and how investment, planning and economic infrastructure can support those innovations. Each chapter includes a research overview with a detailed analysis and new case studies that look at how recent research developments can be applied. Written by some of the most forward-thinking professionals, this book is an invaluable reference for engineers. - Contains analysis of the latest high-level research and explores real world application potential in relation to developments - Uses system international (SI) units and imperial units throughout to appeal to global engineers - Offers measurable data written by a world expert in the field on the latest developments in this fast moving and vital subject

Download or read book Photoenergy and Thin Film Materials written by Xiao-Yu Yang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-03-26 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the latest research & developments and future trends in photoenergy and thin film materials—two important areas that have the potential to spearhead the future of the industry. Photoenergy materials are expected to be a next generation class of materials to provide secure, safe, sustainable and affordable energy. Photoenergy devices are known to convert the sunlight into electricity. These types of devices are simple in design with a major advantage as they are stand-alone systems able to provide megawatts of power. They have been applied as a power source for solar home systems, remote buildings, water pumping, megawatt scale power plants, satellites, communications, and space vehicles. With such a list of enormous applications, the demand for photoenergy devices is growing every year. On the other hand, thin films coating, which can be defined as the barriers of surface science, the fields of materials science and applied physics are progressing as a unified discipline of scientific industry. A thin film can be termed as a very fine, or thin layer of material coated on a particular surface, that can be in the range of a nanometer in thickness to several micrometers in size. Thin films are applied in numerous areas ranging from protection purposes to electronic semiconductor devices. The 16 chapters in this volume, all written by subject matter experts, demonstrate the claim that both photoenergy and thin film materials have the potential to be the future of industry.

Download or read book Morphology Characterization of Low Band Gap Polymer based Organic Photovoltaics written by Feng Liu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In bulk heterojunction (BHJ) thin film organic photovoltaics (OPV), morphology control is critical to obtain good device efficiency. Nanoscale phase separation that creates bicontinuous interpenetrating structure on a size scale commensurate with exciton diffusion length (~10 nm) is thought to be the ideal morphology. Results obtained from this work indicate that morphology can be affected by chemical structure of the polymer, processing conditions, blending ratio and post treatments. Physical properties of the material, such as crystallinity, crystal orientation, material interactions and miscibility, surface energy and particle aggregations are critical for determining the morphology and thus the device performance. Previous investigations on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) based OPV study yielded a solid structure-property relation. However, different physical properties of polymers preclude the direct transfer of P3HT knowledge to better-performing low band gap polymer OPVs, for which the morphology is directly obtained from solvent casting. This thesis discovered commonalities of low band gap polymer based OPVs. Two important photoactive polymers (PTB7 and DPP) are chosen, each with specific properties. In particular, the function of additives in morphology controls was investigated. Fibril formation at the ~10 nanometer scale proved crucial for obtaining high performance in solar cells. Besides these typical crystalline structures, mixed regions also proved important. The mesh size of the fibril network largely determined the current of the device, and thus determined the power conversion efficiency. The aggregation behavior of polymer chains also influenced the BHJ morphology. Besides the fibril network picture, we also observed multi-length scaled morphology in PTB7 based OPV systems.

Download or read book Nanotechnology for Photovoltaics written by Loucas Tsakalakos and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-03-25 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current concerns regarding greenhouse gas-related environmental effects, energy security, and the rising costs of fossil fuel-based energy has renewed interest in solar energy in general and photovotaics in particular. Exploring state-of-the-art developments from a practical point of view, Nanotechnology for Photovoltaics examines issues in increas

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Polymer Applications 3 Volume Set written by Munmaya Mishra and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 2954 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Undoubtedly the applications of polymers are rapidly evolving. Technology is continually changing and quickly advancing as polymers are needed to solve a variety of day-to-day challenges leading to improvements in quality of life. The Encyclopedia of Polymer Applications presents state-of-the-art research and development on the applications of polymers. This groundbreaking work provides important overviews to help stimulate further advancements in all areas of polymers. This comprehensive multi-volume reference includes articles contributed from a diverse and global team of renowned researchers. It offers a broad-based perspective on a multitude of topics in a variety of applications, as well as detailed research information, figures, tables, illustrations, and references. The encyclopedia provides introductions, classifications, properties, selection, types, technologies, shelf-life, recycling, testing and applications for each of the entries where applicable. It features critical content for both novices and experts including, engineers, scientists (polymer scientists, materials scientists, biomedical engineers, macromolecular chemists), researchers, and students, as well as interested readers in academia, industry, and research institutions.

Download or read book Metal Oxide Nanocomposite Thin Films for Optoelectronic Device Applications written by Rayees Ahmad Zargar and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-11-07 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: METAL OXIDE NANOCOMPOSITE THIN FILMS FOR OPTOELECTRONIC DEVICE APPLICATIONS The book provides insight into the fundamental aspects, latest research, synthesis route development, preparation, and future applications of metal oxide nanocomposite thin films. The fabrication of thin film-based materials is important to the future production of safe, efficient, and affordable energy as the devices convert sunlight into electricity. Thin film devices allow excellent interface engineering for high-performance printable solar cells as their structures are highly reliable and stand-alone systems can provide the required megawatts. They have been used as power sources in solar home systems, remote buildings, water pumping, megawatt-scale power plants, satellites, communications, and space vehicles. Metal Oxide Nanocomposite Thin Films for Optoelectronic Device Applications covers the basics of advanced nanometal oxide-based materials, their synthesis, characterization, and applications, and all the updated information on optoelectronics. Topics discussed include the implications of metal oxide thin films, which are critical for device fabrications. It provides updated information on the economic aspect and toxicity, with great focus paid to display applications, and covers some core areas of nanotechnology, which are particularly concerned with optoelectronics and the available technologies. The book concludes with insights into the role of nanotechnology and the physics behind photovoltaics. Audience The book will be an important volume for electronics and electrical engineers, nanotechnologists, materials scientists, inorganic chemists in academic research, and those in industries, exploring the applications of nanoparticles in semiconductors, power electronics, and more.

Download or read book World Scientific Handbook Of Organic Optoelectronic Devices Volumes 1 2 written by and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2018-06-29 with total page 909 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Organic (opto)electronic materials have received considerable attention due to their applications in perovskite and flexible electronics, OPVs and OLEDs and many others. Reflecting the rapid growth in research and development of organic (opto)electronic materials over the last few decades, this book provides a comprehensive coverage of the state of the art in an accessible format. It presents the most widely recognized fundamentals, principles, and mechanisms along with representative examples, key experimental data, and over 200 illustrative figures.

Download or read book Nano Sc Ale Investigation of Structural and Electrical Properties of Self Organized Thin Films of Phthalocyanines A Progress Towards New Photovoltaic Material written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ongoing efforts to improve the efficiency of organic photovoltaic cells emphasize the significance of the architecture of molecular assemblies in thin films, at nanometer and micron length scales, to enhance both exciton diffusion and charge transport, in donor and acceptor layers. Controlled growth of molecules via self-assembly techniques presents new opportunities to develop nano-structured organic thin films for electronic devices. This thesis is focused on controlling the orientation of phthalocyanine molecular assemblies in thin films in order to demonstrate the impact of microscopic control of molecular order on electrical properties and organic solar cell device performance. The studies performed here provide insights into the self-assembling behavior, film morphology, nanoscale electrical conductivity, and photovoltaic properties of a disk-shaped peripherally substituted phthalocyanine (Pc) molecule possessing amide functional groups in the side chains. Amide functionality was integrated in the side chains of this phthalocyanine molecule with the purpose of increasing the intra-columnar interaction through formation of a hydrogen bonding network between molecules, and to guide columnar orientation in a preferred direction via specific surface-molecule interactions. It is realized that molecule-substrate interactions must dominate over molecule-molecule interactions to achieve control over the deposition of molecules in a preferred direction for organic solar cell applications. Microscopic imaging and spectroscopic studies confirm the formation of flat-lying, well ordered, layered phthalocyanine films as anticipated. The remarkable electrical conductivity of the flat-lying phthalocyanine molecules, as studied by Conducting tip Atomic Force Microscopy (C-AFM) provide the impetus for the formation of organic solar cells based on layers of these hydrogen bonding phthalocyanine molecules. The photocurrent from devices that are made with the ordered Pc molecules and disordered Pc molecules as the primary photoactive donor layer, and vacuum deposited C60 as the acceptor material, were evaluated. The results presented here demonstrate the feasibility of increasing the photogenerated current by controlling the molecular organization in the photo active layer.