Download or read book Nanophysics Coherence and Transport written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-08-02 with total page 641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The developments of nanofabrication in the past years have enabled the design of electronic systems that exhibit spectacular signatures of quantum coherence. Nanofabricated quantum wires and dots containing a small number of electrons are ideal experimental playgrounds for probing electron-electron interactions and their interplay with disorder. Going down to even smaller scales, molecules such as carbon nanotubes, fullerenes or hydrogen molecules can now be inserted in nanocircuits. Measurements of transport through a single chain of atoms have been performed as well. Much progress has also been made in the design and fabrication of superconducting and hybrid nanostructures, be they normal/superconductor or ferromagnetic/superconductor. Quantum coherence is then no longer that of individual electronic states, but rather that of a superconducting wavefunction of a macroscopic number of Cooper pairs condensed in the same quantum mechanical state. Beyond the study of linear response regime, the physics of non-equilibrium transport (including non-linear transport, rectification of a high frequency electric field as well as shot noise) has received much attention, with significant experimental and theoretical insights. All these quantities exhibit very specific signatures of the quantum nature of transport, which cannot be obtained from basic conductance measurements. Basic concepts and analytical tools needed to understand this new physics are presented in a series of theoretical fundamental courses, in parallel with more phenomenological ones where physics is discussed in a less formal way and illustrated by many experiments.· Electron-electron interactions in one-dimensional quantum transport· Coulomb Blockade and Kondo physics in quantum dots· Out of equilibrium noise and quantum transport· Andreev reflection and subgap nonlinear transport in hybrid N/S nanosructures.· Transport through atomic contacts · Solid state Q-bits · Written by leading experts in the field, both theorists and experimentalists

Download or read book Dynamos written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-07-29 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dynamos is a collection of lectures given in July 2007 at the Les Houches Summer School on "Dynamos". - Provides a pedagogical introduction to topics in Dynamos - Addresses each topic from the basis to the most recent developments - Covers the lectures by internationally-renowned and leading experts

Download or read book Active Matter and Nonequilibrium Statistical Physics written by Julien Tailleur and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-10-21 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From molecular motors to bacteria, from crawling cells to large animals, active entities are found at all scales in the biological world. Active matter encompasses systems whose individual constituents irreversibly dissipate energy to exert self-propelling forces on their environment. Over the past twenty years, scientists have managed to engineer synthetic active particles in the lab, paving the way towards smart active materials. This book gathers a pedagogical set of lecture notes that cover topics in nonequilibrium statistical mechanics and active matter. These lecture notes stem from the first summer school on Active Matter delivered at the Les Houches school of Physics. The lectures covered four main research directions: collective behaviours in active-matter systems, passive and active colloidal systems, biophysics and active matter, and nonequilibrium statistical physics--from passive to active.

Download or read book Multiple Aspects of DNA and RNA from Biophysics to Bioinformatics written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-12-02 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is dedicated to the multiple aspects, that is, biological, physical and computational of DNA and RNA molecules. These molecules, central to vital processes, have been experimentally studied by molecular biologists for five decades since the discovery of the structure of DNA by Watson and Crick in 1953. Recent progresses (e.g. use of DNA chips, manipulations at the single molecule level, availability of huge genomic databases...) have revealed an imperious need for theoretical modelling. Further progresses will clearly not be possible without an integrated understanding of all DNA and RNA aspects and studies. The book is intended to be a desktop reference for advanced graduate students or young researchers willing to acquire a broad interdisciplinary understanding of the multiple aspects of DNA and RNA. It is divided in three main sections: The first section comprises an introduction to biochemistry and biology of nucleic acids. The structure and function of DNA are reviewed in R. Lavery's chapter. The next contribution, by V. Fritsch and E. Westhof, concentrates on the folding properties of RNA molecules. The cellular processes involving these molecules are reviewed by J. Kadonaga, with special emphasis on the regulation of transcription. These chapters does not require any preliminary knowledge in the field (except that of elementary biology and chemistry). The second section covers the biophysics of DNA and RNA, starting with basics in polymer physics in the contribution by R. Khokhlov. A large space is then devoted to the presentation of recent experimental and theoretical progresses in the field of single molecule studies. T. Strick's contribution presents a detailed description of the various micro-manipulation techniques, and reviews recent experiments on the interactions between DNA and proteins (helicases, topoisomerases, ...). The theoretical modeling of single molecules is presented by J. Marko, with a special attention paid to the elastic and topological properties of DNA. Finally, advances in the understanding of electrophoresis, a technique of crucial importance in everyday molecular biology, are exposed in T. Duke's contribution. The third section presents provides an overview of the main computational approaches to integrate, analyse and simulate molecular and genetic networks. First, J. van Helden introduces a series of statistical and computational methods allowing the identification of short nucleic fragments putatively involved in the regulation of gene expression from sets of promoter sequences controlling co-expressed genes. Next, the chapter by Samsonova et al. connects this issue of transcriptional regulation with that of the control of cell differentiation and pattern formation during embryonic development. Finally, H. de Jong and D. Thieffry review a series of mathematical approaches to model the dynamical behaviour of complex genetic regulatory networks. This contribution includes brief descriptions and references to successful applications of these approaches, including the work of B. Novak, on the dynamical modelling of cell cycle in different model organisms, from yeast to mammals. . Provides a comprehensive overview of the structure and function of DNA and RNA at the interface between physics, biology and information science.

Download or read book Particle Physics and Cosmology the Fabric of Spacetime written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-09-12 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of lectures given in August 2006 at the Les Houches Summer School on "Particle Physics and Cosmology: the Fabric of Spacetime. It provides a pedagogical introduction to the various aspects of both particle physics beyond the Standard Model and Cosmology of the Early Universe, covering each topic from the basics to the most recent developments.· Provides a pedagogical introduction to topics at the interface of particle physics and cosmology· Addresses each topic from the basis to the most recent developments· Provides necessary tools to build new theoretical models addressing various issues both in cosmology and particle physics· Covers the lectures by internationally-renowned and leading experts· Faces the predictions of theoretical models against collider experimental data as well as from cosmological observations

Download or read book Field Theory of Non Equilibrium Systems written by Alex Kamenev and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-09-08 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The physics of non-equilibrium many-body systems is one of the most rapidly expanding areas of theoretical physics. Traditionally used in the study of laser physics and superconducting kinetics, these techniques have more recently found applications in the study of dynamics of cold atomic gases, mesoscopic and nano-mechanical systems. The book gives a self-contained presentation of the modern functional approach to non-equilibrium field-theoretical methods. They are applied to examples ranging from biophysics to the kinetics of superfluids and superconductors. Its step-by-step treatment gives particular emphasis to the pedagogical aspects, making it ideal as a reference for advanced graduate students and researchers in condensed matter physics.

Download or read book Handbook of Nanophysics written by Klaus D. Sattler and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-09-17 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intensive research on fullerenes, nanoparticles, and quantum dots in the 1990s led to interest in nanotubes and nanowires in subsequent years. Handbook of Nanophysics: Nanotubes and Nanowires focuses on the fundamental physics and latest applications of these important nanoscale materials and structures. Each peer-reviewed chapter contains a broad-

Download or read book From Molecules to Living Organisms an Interplay Between Biology and Physics written by Eva Pebay-Peyroula and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this title is to familiarise the new generation of PhD students and postdoctoral fellows with the principles and methods of modern lattice field theory, which aims to resolve fundamental, non-perturbative questions about QCD without uncontrolled approximations.

Download or read book Integrability from Statistical Systems to Gauge Theory written by Patrick Dorey and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 573 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains lectures delivered at the Les Houches Summer School 'Integrability: from statistical systems to gauge theory' held in June 2016. The School was focussed on applications of integrability to supersymmetric gauge and string theory, a subject of high and increasing interest in the mathematical and theoretical physics communities over the past decade. Relevant background material was also covered, with lecture series introducing the main concepts and techniques relevant to modern approaches to integrability, conformal field theory, scattering amplitudes, and gauge/string duality. The book will be useful not only to those working directly on integrablility in string and guage theories, but also to researchers in related areas of condensed matter physics and statistical mechanics.

Download or read book Quantum Optomechanics and Nanomechanics written by Pierre-François Cohadon and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-03-05 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Les Houches Summer School in August 2015 covered the emerging fields of cavity optomechanics and quantum nanomechanics. Optomechanics is flourishing and its concepts and techniques are now applied to a wide range of topics. Modern quantum optomechanics was born in the late 1970s in the framework of gravitational wave interferometry, with an initial focus on the quantum limits of displacement measurements. Carlton Caves, Vladimir Braginsky, and others realized that the sensitivity of the anticipated large-scale gravitational-wave interferometers (GWI) was fundamentally limited by the quantum fluctuations of the measurement laser beam. After tremendous experimental progress, the sensitivity of the upcoming next generation of GWI will effectively be limited by quantum noise. In this way, quantum-optomechanical effects will directly affect the operation of what is arguably the world's most impressive precision experiment. However, optomechanics has also gained a life of its own with a focus on the quantum aspects of moving mirrors. Laser light can be used to cool mechanical resonators well below the temperature of its environment. After proof-of-principle demonstrations of this cooling in 2006, a number of systems were used as the field gradually merged with its condensed matter cousin (nanomechanical systems) to try to reach the mechanical quantum ground state, eventually demonstrated in 2010 by pure cryogenic techniques and just one year later by a combination of cryogenic and radiation-pressure cooling. The book covers all aspects — historical, theoretical, experimental — of the field, with its applications to quantum measurement, foundations of quantum mechanics and quantum information. It is an essential read for any new researcher in the field.

Download or read book Quantum Gases Finite Temperature And Non equilibrium Dynamics written by Nick P Proukakis and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2013-02-21 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1995 observation of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute atomic vapours spawned the field of ultracold, degenerate quantum gases. Unprecedented developments in experimental design and precision control have led to quantum gases becoming the preferred playground for designer quantum many-body systems.This self-contained volume provides a broad overview of the principal theoretical techniques applied to non-equilibrium and finite temperature quantum gases. Covering Bose-Einstein condensates, degenerate Fermi gases, and the more recently realised exciton-polariton condensates, it fills a gap by linking between different methods with origins in condensed matter physics, quantum field theory, quantum optics, atomic physics, and statistical mechanics. Thematically organised chapters on different methodologies, contributed by key researchers using a unified notation, provide the first integrated view of the relative merits of individual approaches, aided by pertinent introductory chapters and the guidance of editorial notes.Both graduate students and established researchers wishing to understand the state of the art will greatly benefit from this comprehensive and up-to-date review of non-equilibrium and finite temperature techniques in the exciting and expanding field of quantum gases and liquids./a

Download or read book Fundamentals and Frontiers of the Josephson Effect written by Francesco Tafuri and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 884 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date description of the Josephson effect, a topic of never-ending interest in both fundamental and applied physics. In this volume, world-renowned experts present the unique aspects of the physics of the Josephson effect, resulting from the use of new materials, of hybrid architectures and from the possibility of realizing nanoscale junctions. These new experimental capabilities lead to systems where novel coherent phenomena and transport processes emerge. All this is of great relevance and impact, especially when combined with the didactic approach of the book. The reader will benefit from a general and modern view of coherent phenomena in weakly-coupled superconductors on a macroscopic scale. Topics that have been only recently discussed in specialized papers and in short reviews are described here for the first time and organized in a general framework. An important section of the book is also devoted to applications, with focus on long-term, future applications. In addition to a significant number of illustrations, the book includes numerous tables for comparative studies on technical aspects.

Download or read book 21st Century Nanoscience A Handbook written by Klaus D. Sattler and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-11-21 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This up-to-date reference is the most comprehensive summary of the field of nanoscience and its applications. It begins with fundamental properties at the nanoscale and then goes well beyond into the practical aspects of the design, synthesis, and use of nanomaterials in various industries. It emphasizes the vast strides made in the field over the past decade – the chapters focus on new, promising directions as well as emerging theoretical and experimental methods. The contents incorporate experimental data and graphs where appropriate, as well as supporting tables and figures with a tutorial approach.

Download or read book Condensed Matter Field Theory written by Alexander Altland and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2023-09-14 with total page 826 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building on the success of prior editions, this graduate text provides a comprehensive introduction to core concepts and methods of quantum field theory in condensed matter. It covers modern advances, from condensation phenomena and superfluidity to gauge theory, non-equilibrium phenomena and topological quantum matter.

Download or read book Many Body Physics with Ultracold Gases written by Christophe Salomon and published by Oxford University Press (UK). This book was released on 2013 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides authoritative tutorials on the most recent achievements in the field of quantum gases at the interface between atomic physics and quantum optics, condensed matter physics, nuclear and high-energy physics, non-linear physics, and quantum information.

Download or read book Stochastic Processes and Random Matrices written by Grégory Schehr and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-08-15 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of stochastic processes and Random Matrix Theory (RMT) has been a rapidly evolving subject during the last fifteen years. The continuous development and discovery of new tools, connections and ideas have led to an avalanche of new results. These breakthroughs have been made possible thanks, to a large extent, to the recent development of various new techniques in RMT. Matrix models have been playing an important role in theoretical physics for a long time and they are currently also a very active domain of research in mathematics. An emblematic example of these recent advances concerns the theory of growth phenomena in the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang (KPZ) universality class where the joint efforts of physicists and mathematicians during the last twenty years have unveiled the beautiful connections between this fundamental problem of statistical mechanics and the theory of random matrices, namely the fluctuations of the largest eigenvalue of certain ensembles of random matrices. This text not only covers this topic in detail but also presents more recent developments that have emerged from these discoveries, for instance in the context of low dimensional heat transport (on the physics side) or integrable probability (on the mathematical side).

Download or read book Fundamental Aspects of Turbulent Flows in Climate Dynamics written by Freddy Bouchet and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-02-05 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume, number 109 of the Les Houches Summer School series, presents the lectures held in August 2017 on the subject of turbulent flows in climate dynamics. Leading scientists in the fields of climate dynamics, atmosphere and ocean dynamics, geophysical fluid dynamics, physics and non-linear sciences present their views on this fast growing and interdisciplinary field of research, by venturing upon fundamental problems of atmospheric convection, clouds, large scale circulation, and predictability. Climate is controlled by turbulent flows. Turbulent motions are responsible for the bulk of the transport of energy, momentum, and water vapor in the atmosphere, which determine the distribution of temperature, winds, and precipitation on Earth. The aim of this book is to survey what is known about how turbulent flows control climate, what role they may play in climate change, and to outline where progress in this important area can be expected, given today's computational and observational capabilities. This book reviews the state-of-the-art developments in this field and provides an essential background to future studies. All chapters are written from a pedagogical perspective, making the book accessible to masters and PhD students and all researchers wishing to enter this field.