Download or read book Nanoparticle Vaccines Against Infectious Diseases written by Rajko Reljic and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-15 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Micro and Nanotechnology in Vaccine Development written by Mariusz Skwarczynski and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2016-09-20 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of how use of micro- and nanotechnology (MNT) has allowed major new advance in vaccine development research, and the challenges that immunologists face in making further progress. MNT allows the creation of particles that exploit the inherent ability of the human immune system to recognize small particles such as viruses and toxins. In combination with minimal protective epitope design, this permits the creation of immunogenic particles that stimulate a response against the targeted pathogen. The finely tuned response of the human immune system to small particles makes it unsurprising that many of the lead adjuvants and vaccine delivery systems currently under investigation are based on nanoparticles. Provides a comprehensive and unparalleled overview of the role of micro- and nanotechnology in vaccine development Allows researchers to quickly familiarize themselves with the broad spectrum of vaccines and how micro- and nanotechnologies are applied to their development Includes a combination of overview chapters setting out general principles, and focused content dealing with specific vaccines, making it useful to readers from a variety of disciplines

Download or read book Development of Polymeric Nanoparticle Vaccines for Immunostimulation written by Pamela Antonia Basto and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vaccines have revolutionized medicine by increasing the life expectancy of children and substantially decreasing the morbidity of multiple infectious diseases worldwide. Over several decades, we have acquired significant gains in the understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in developing protective immunity, yet vaccine development has progressed comparatively slowly. This thesis serves to explore two polymeric nanoparticle platforms to demonstrate the therapeutic potential of synthetic nanocarriers as vaccines with the aim of 1) providing greater spatiotemporal release of small molecule adjuvant to secondary lymphoid sites and 2) providing a tunable surface for loading B cell antigen epitopes in a specific conformation to drive epitope-specific antibody response. In recent decades, TLR mechanisms have been elucidated and novel agonists have been developed, yet our generation still has not seen paramount progress in the clinical translation of these agonists due to risks of systemic toxicity and off target effects. In the first section, we synthesized 223±18 nm poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)- poly(ethylene glycol)/ poly(lactic acid)-R848 (PLGA-PEG/PLA-R848) nanoparticle vaccine that is designed to deliver a combination of antigen and control release of a small molecule adjuvant R848 (tl/2= 42 hours) to drive a potent antigen-specific immune response. Using ovalbumin as a model protein, this vaccine is able to enhance antigen presentation and co-stimulatory molecules on dendritic cells and subsequently enhanced proliferation of antigen-specific naive CD8+ cells in vitro. Upon vaccination, our delivery system is able to increase cell-mediated and humoral response in comparison to its soluble form, thereby illustrating the potential to bring novel small molecule adjuvants to the clinics. In the second section, we developed a nanoparticle vaccine platform that allows selective orientation of peptide epitopes to enhance B cell response in an application that has therapeutic potential for treatment for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Utilizing epitopes discovered through in silico modeling for human PCSK9, a plasma protein that plays an important role in LDL cholesterol (LDL-c) levels in the blood, our nanoparticle allows selective orientation through biotin-streptavidin conjugation. Upon vaccination with CPG, selected synthetic epitopes conjugated to polymeric nanoparticles trended to reduce serum LDL-c and serum PCSK9 in murine models. Additionally, antibodies in the serum showed promise to increase LDL-receptor levels in HepG2 cells transfected in with WT-hPCSK9 and GOF-hPCSK9 separately suggesting that this vaccine has the potential to reduce risks of CVD. These studies demonstrate that designing polymeric nanoparticles for applications to stimulate the immune system can help define new, cost-effective treatment options in applications for prophylaxis against infectious diseases that are unresponsive to traditional routes of vaccination or for immunotherapy against cardiovascular disease and cancer.

Download or read book Towards Understanding how Lymph Nodes Process Nanoparticle Vaccines for Humoral Immunity written by Yinan Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vaccines are essential to induce the pathogen specific immune responses against infectious disease. Antigens derived from pathogens needs to be delivered to and retained in the immune organs (especially lymph nodes) for efficient immune responses and production of neutralized antibodies. A strategy is to use engineered nanoparticles as delivery carriers to help antigen delivery inside lymph nodes. We do not know how lymph nodes process nanoparticle-based vaccines for immune responses. In this thesis, we first found that follicular dendritic cell (FDC) networks determine the intra-lymph node follicle fate of nanoparticles based on nanoparticle size. The FDCs clear smaller nanoparticles (5-15 nm) and retain larger nanoparticles (50-100 nm) on their dendrites. These retained larger nanoparticles are then presented to B cells to induce humoral immune responses. Next, we assessed the role of immune cell population on nanoparticle delivery inside lymph nodes and found subcapsular sinus macrophage prevent the nanoparticle delivery to FDCs. Suppressing the subcapsular sinus macrophage results in enhancement of nanoparticle delivery to lymph node follicles and up to 60 times more antigen specific antibody production. Lastly, removal of liver macrophages promotes nanoparticle delivery to lymph nodes and tumours after systemic administration. These studies reveal the mechanism of how our immune system process nanoparticles. This knowledge enables us to rationally engineer nanoparticle vaccines and develop strategies of altering immune cell populations to generate effective immune responses.

Download or read book Nanovaccines written by Sergio Rosales-Mendoza and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-07 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a compilation of the current developments in mucosal nanovaccines, which are an attractive approach to fight against infectious and non-communicable diseases. Since nanomaterials possess unique properties; many of them have a positive effect on vaccine efficacy when used as antigen carriers and have been applied in vaccinology with significant advances over the past years. This book addresses the methodologies for mucosal nanovaccines synthesis; based on the following nanomaterials: gold, PLGA, silica, and chitosan nanoparticles; as well as nanogels, carbon nanotubes, liposomes, and Virus-like particles. A description of the immunogenic properties of the mucosal nanovaccines is presented, highlighting the improvements achieved with this approach when compared to conventional formulations. Mucosal vaccines constitute the most practical immunization approach since they are easy to administer (promoting patient ́s comfort and increasing compliance), allow triggering relevant immune responses at both the site of administration and distant compartments, and thus may protect the main entry portal for pathogens (oral, nasal, and genital mucosae). In this context, the potential of nanovaccines to result in new mucosal formulations in the benefit of global health is analyzed. Covers the synthesis and functionalization of nanomaterials for the development of nanovaccines; Discusses the underlying mechanisms involved in the induction of immune responses through mucosal compartments and the advantages of nanomaterials in the formulation of nanovaccines; Transmits the state of the art for the development of mucosal nanovaccines; Provides routes for the design and evaluation of mucosal nanovaccines; Presents key perspectives for the field of mucosal vaccine development.

Download or read book Vaccine Design written by Sunil Thomas and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 873 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mucosal Vaccines written by Hiroshi Kiyono and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-10-23 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive, authoritative treatise covers all aspects of mucosal vaccines including their development, mechanisms of action, molecular/cellular aspects, and practical applications. The contributing authors and editors of this one-of-a-kind book are very well known in their respective fields. Mucosal Vaccines is organized in a unique format in which basic, clinical, and practical aspects of the mucosal immune system for vaccine development are described and discussed. This project is endorsed by the Society for Mucosal Immunology. Provides the latest views on mucosal vaccines Applies basic principles to the development of new vaccines Links basic, clinical, and practical aspects of mucosal vaccines to different infectious diseases Unique and user-friendly organization

Download or read book Nanoparticles for Rational Vaccine Design written by Harvinder Singh Gill and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-30 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces nanoparticles as a powerful platform for vaccine design. Current challenges in vaccine development are discussed and the unique advantages nanoparticles provide in overcoming these challenges are explored. The authors offer fascinating insights into the immunological assets of using nanoparticles as delivery vehicles or adjuvants and present different materials that are being used in nanoparticle-based vaccine development, covering peptides, proteins, polymers, virus-like particles, and liposomes. Its contemporary research insights and practical examples for applications make this volume an inspiring read for researchers and clinicians in vaccinology and immunology. Chapter "Liposome Formulations as Adjuvants for Vaccines" is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Download or read book Immunization with Synthetic Nanoparticles to Generate Mucosal CD8 T Cell Responses written by Adrienne Victoria Li and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vaccines have benefited global health by controlling or eradicating life threatening diseases. With better understanding of infectious diseases and immunity, more interest has been placed on stimulating mucosal immune responses with vaccines as mucosal surfaces function as a first line of defense against infections. Progress made in nanoparticle research, in particular the successful use of liposomes for drug delivery, has made liposomes an attractive candidate for vaccine delivery. Here, we investigate the efficacy of using a novel nanoparticle system, Interbilayer Crosslinked Multilamellar Vesicles (ICMVs), as a mucosal vaccine to stimulate mucosal and systemic CD8 immunity. We first assessed the ability of ICMVs to elicit mucosal CD8 response, against the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA), by administration of the nanoparticles through the lungs. We explored the use of 2 different Toll-like receptor agonists (TLRa), monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) and Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly (I:C) or pIC) added to ICMVs as adjuvants. Pulmonary administration of ICMV with both adjuvants was found to give the most potent CD8 T cell response in both systemic and mucosal compartments. We looked further into the quality of the immune response and detected the presence of antigenspecific memory CD8 T cells in the system at ~2.5 months after immunization. The majority of these cells were found to be effector memory cells (CD44hiCD62Llo) and expressed markers for long term survival (CD127hiKLRG1lo), suggesting that long term protection against infection can be induced by pulmonary delivery of ICMVs. We also explored using this system to deliver a model HIV peptide epitope, AL 1, and ICMV successfully induced CD8 response against this epitope. Animals immunized against AL 11 were challenged with a live virus expressing the same epitope and protection was seen only in the pulmonary ICMV treatment group. Virus was delivered via the lungs and viral titre was decreased in both the lungs and ovaries. Neither the soluble form of the vaccine or ICMV delivered via parenteral injection conferred protection. Safety of the ICMV system was also assessed and no significant negative effects were observed in body weight and histological analysis on lungs. Finally, mechanism of using nanoparticles as pulmonary vaccines was investigated to gain better understanding in how particulate vaccine and route of immunization improved the efficacy of a vaccine. Overall, this thesis describes a comprehensive study of systemic and mucosal CD8 responses generated by pulmonary delivery of a novel nanoparticle system. This data provides evidence that mucosal delivery of ICMVs can safely and effectively stimulate disseminated mucosal CD8+ T cells at sites relevant for protection against mucosal infection. A better understanding of nanoparticles for pulmonary immunization was also gained.

Download or read book Nanomedicines for the Prevention and Treatment of Infectious Diseases written by Vandana B. Patravale and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-12-02 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The COVID-19 pandemic has altered the world and reiterated the perpetual need for the development of effective strategies for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. While globally prevalent infectious diseases receive extensive attention in terms of drug development and delivery, the neglected and/or emerging infectious diseases that affect developing countries are often overlooked. Additionally, the therapeutic efficacy of existing anti-infective agents is often limited due to sub-optimal biopharmaceutical properties, sub-therapeutic levels of the drugs at the infection site due to various physiological barriers, the expulsion of the drug by efflux transporters, and the emergence of drug-resistant strains. From the commercialization of AmBisome® to the emergency authorization of mRNA-based vaccines, nanotechnology has played a vital role in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. More importantly, nanotechnology has enabled the effective utilization of existing armamentarium against infectious diseases leading to improved therapeutic outcomes with a concomitant reduction in the side effects associated with anti-infective agents. In particular, nanotechnology can bring about a paradigm shift in the management of neglected and emerging infectious diseases and may compensate for the lack of drug discovery efforts. While there are several books dedicated to pharmaceutical and/or biomedical applications of nanotechnology or nanotechnology for cancer therapy a comprehensive book focusing on the prevention and/or treatment of viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections is not available. This book addresses an unmet need in pharmaceutical and medical education. This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the latest advancements in nanomedicine, which show great potential for preventing and treating infectious diseases. Covering a wide range of topics, it explores various formulation strategies for combating microbial, fungal, parasitic, and viral infections. The book emphasizes the advantages of nano-scale vaccines over traditional ones and discusses their production. It also examines feasible treatment approaches for diseases like malaria, trypanosomiasis, candidiasis, Hepatitis B, HIV, and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, it highlights the role of nano-adjuvants in vaccine development, as well as the use of peptide antibiotics and pulmonary delivery of drugs, which open up new possibilities in fighting infectious diseases. Furthermore, the book explores the critical role of nanomedicine in addressing veterinary parasitic infections. The emergence of nanotechnology has led to novel strategies for diagnosing, treating, and preventing parasitic infections in animals. In summary, this book offers a comprehensive description of clinically viable and investigational nanotechnology-enabled medicines (nanomedicines) for the prevention and treatment of globally prevalent, neglected, and emerging infectious diseases.

Download or read book Fundamentals of Pharmaceutical Nanoscience written by Ijeoma F. Uchegbu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-23 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanoscience or the science of the very small offers the pharmaceutical scientist a wealth of opportunities. By fabricating at the nanoscale, it is possible to exert unprecedented control on drug activity. This textbook will showcase a variety of nanosystems working from their design and construction to their application in the field of drug delivery. The book is intended for graduate students in drug delivery, physical and polymer chemistry, and applied pharmaceutical sciences courses that involve fundamental nanoscience. The purpose of the text is to present physicochemical and biomedical properties of synthetic polymers with an emphasis on their application in polymer therapeutics i.e., pharmaceutical nanosystems, drug delivery and biological performance. There are two main objectives of this text. The first is to provide advanced graduate students with knowledge of the principles of nanosystems and polymer science including synthesis, structure, and characterization of solution and solid state properties. The second is to describe the fundamentals of therapeutic applications of polymers in drug delivery, targeting, response modifiers as well as regulatory issues. The courses, often listed as Advanced Drug Delivery and Applied Pharmaceutics; Polymer Therapeutics; or Nanomedicine, are designed as an overview of the field specifically for graduate students in the Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Graduate Programs. However, the course content may also be of interest for graduate students in related biomedical research programs. These courses generally include a discussion of the major principles of polymer science and fundamental concepts of application of polymers as modern therapeutics. All courses are moving away from the above mentioned course names and going by ‘pharmaceutical nanoscience or nanosystems’. This area of research and technology development has attracted tremendous attention during the last two decades and it is expected that it will continue to grow in importance. However, the area is just emerging and courses are limited but they are offered.

Download or read book Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 6 written by King K. Holmes and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-06 with total page 1027 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious diseases are the leading cause of death globally, particularly among children and young adults. The spread of new pathogens and the threat of antimicrobial resistance pose particular challenges in combating these diseases. Major Infectious Diseases identifies feasible, cost-effective packages of interventions and strategies across delivery platforms to prevent and treat HIV/AIDS, other sexually transmitted infections, tuberculosis, malaria, adult febrile illness, viral hepatitis, and neglected tropical diseases. The volume emphasizes the need to effectively address emerging antimicrobial resistance, strengthen health systems, and increase access to care. The attainable goals are to reduce incidence, develop innovative approaches, and optimize existing tools in resource-constrained settings.

Download or read book Virus Like Particle Vaccines written by Martin F Bachmann and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2020-09-16 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The structure, uniformity, stability, and functions of virus-like particles (VLPs) have encouraged scientists to utilize them as a unique tool in various applications in biomedical fields. Their interaction with the innate immune system is of major importance for the adaptive immune response they induce. The innate immune cells and molecules recognize and interact with VLPs on the basis of two major characteristics: size and surface geometry. VLP-based vaccines against hepatitis B, human papilloma, malaria, and hepatitis E have been developed and are available in many countries around the world. Given the inherent immunogenicity of VLPs, they render themselves ideal for the development of new vaccines against infectious diseases as well as noncommunicable diseases, such as chronic inflammation or cancer. This Special Issue is designed to provide an up-to-date view of the latest progress in the development of VLP-based prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines and technologies for their generation.

Download or read book Antiviral Strategies written by Hans-Georg Kräusslich and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-02 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A crucial issue for antiviral therapy is the fact that all antiviral substances rapidly select for resistance; thus, monitoring and overcoming resistance has become a most important clinical paradigm of antiviral therapy. This calls for cautious use of antiviral drugs and implementation of combination therapies. In parallel, efforts in drug discovery have to be continued to develop compounds with novel mode-of-action and activity against resistant strains. This book reviews the current status of antiviral therapy, from the roads to development of new compounds to their clinical use and cost effectiveness. Individual chapters address in more detail all available drug classes and outline new approaches currently under development.

Download or read book Nanotherapeutics in Cancer Vaccination and Challenges written by Mahfoozur Rahman and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-03-03 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotherapeutics in Cancer Vaccination and Challenges consolidates the current research on cancer nanomedicine and therapeutic cancer vaccination to explore the most effective and promising avenues. The book covers cancer vaccines before exploring nanotherapeutics, DNA and mRNA vaccines in cancer treatment. Finally, it considers regulatory and industrial perspectives on cancer vaccination and nanotherapeutics. This resource will be useful for pharmaceutical scientists and researchers focused on biomedical engineering, chemical engineering, vaccine development, and cancer immunotherapy, along with advanced students in these subjects. Cancer is arguably the most complex and challenging disease known to mankind. Over the last two-decades, significant advancements have been made in new and novel concepts of cancer nanomedicines. Therapeutic cancer vaccines may be utilized to inhibit further growth of advanced cancers and/or relapsed tumors that are refractory to conventional therapies, such as surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Presents the progress made in cancer medicines from conventional to targeted therapy Covers the present state-of-the-art of cancer nanomedicines and upcoming therapeutic cancer vaccination Contains a focus on advanced nanomaterials that are utilized for encapsulation of nucleic acid, mRNA, DNA, siRNA

Download or read book Novel Technologies for Vaccine Development written by Igor S Lukashevich and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-13 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a detailed overview of the development of new viral vector-based vaccines before discussing two major applications: preventive vaccines for infectious diseases and therapeutic cancer vaccines. Viral vector-based vaccines hold a great potential for development into successful pharmaceutical products and several examples at the advanced pre-clinical or clinical stage are presented. Nevertheless, the most efforts were focused on novel and very innovative technologies for new generation of vector-based vaccines. Furthermore, specific topics such as delivery and adjuvant and protection strategies for cell-mediated-based vaccines are presented. Given its scope, the book is a “must read” for all those involved in vaccine development, both in academia and industrial vaccine development.

Download or read book Vaccine Adjuvants and Delivery Systems written by Manmohan Singh and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-08-03 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authoritative reference on recent developments in vaccinology New technologies, including recombinant protein and DNA, have sparked phenomenal progress in vaccine development and delivery systems. This unique resource brings scientists up to date on recent advances and provides the information they need to select candidate adjuvants. With chapters written by leading experts in their fields, Vaccine Adjuvants and Delivery Systems: * Provides a comprehensive overview of the rapidly evolving field and developing formulation methods * Covers cutting-edge technologies and gives the current status of adjuvants in clinical trials and those still in the pre-clinical stage * Includes detailed information on specific vaccine adjuvants, including MF59, TLR4 agonists, new iscoms, cytokines, polyphosphazenes, and more * Provides a historical perspective on the development of vaccine adjuvants and discusses the mechanisms of adjuvant actions * Covers some novel adjuvants and delivery systems and the safety evaluation of adjuvants A great reference for researchers, scientists, and students in vaccinology, biotechnology, immunology, and molecular biology, this resource is also valuable for researchers and scientists in veterinary medicine who work to prevent diseases in animals.