Download or read book Nanoparticle Catalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells written by Jill Elizabeth Newton and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Synthesis Characterization and Optimization of Pt alloy Nanoparticle Catalysts in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells written by Ratndeep Srivastava and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Nanomaterials for Industrial Applications written by Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-07-19 with total page 1143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Nanomaterials for Industrial Applications explores the use of novel nanomaterials in the industrial arena. The book covers nanomaterials and the techniques that can play vital roles in many industrial procedures, such as increasing sensitivity, magnifying precision and improving production limits. In addition, the book stresses that these approaches tend to provide green, sustainable solutions for industrial developments. Finally, the legal, economical and toxicity aspects of nanomaterials are covered in detail, making this is a comprehensive, important resource for anyone wanting to learn more about how nanomaterials are changing the way we create products in modern industry. Demonstrates how cutting-edge developments in nanomaterials translate into real-world innovations in a range of industry sectors Explores how using nanomaterials can help engineers to create innovative consumer products Discusses the legal, economical and toxicity issues arising from the industrial applications of nanomaterials

Download or read book One dimensional Nanostructures for PEM Fuel Cell Applications written by Shangfeng Du and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-08-07 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One-dimensional Nanostructures for PEM Fuel Cell Applications provides a review of the progress made in 1D catalysts for applications in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. It highlights the improved understanding of catalytic mechanisms on 1D nanostructures and the new approaches developed for practical applications, also including a critical perspective on current research limits. The book serves as a reference for the design and development of a new generation of catalysts to assist in the realization of successful commercial use that have the potential to decarbonize the domestic heat and transport sectors. In addition, a further commercialization of this technology requires advanced catalysts to address major obstacles faced by the commonly used Pt/C nanoparticles. The unique structure of one-dimensional nanostructures give them advantages to overcome some drawbacks of Pt/C nanoparticles as a new type of excellent catalysts for fuel cell reactions. In recent years, great efforts have been devoted in this area, and much progress has been achieved. Provides a review of 1D catalysts for applications in polymer electrolyte fuel cells Presents an ideal reference for the design and development of a new generation of catalysts to assist in the realization of successful commercial use Highlights the progress made in recent years in this emerging field

Download or read book Calculations of Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Nanoparticles written by Wenjie Tang and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proton exchange membrane fuel cells are attractive power sources because they are highly efficient and do not pollute the environment. However, the use of Pt-based catalysts in present fuel cell technologies is not optimal: Pt is rare and expensive, and even the best commercial Pt cathodes have high overpotentials due to slow oxygen reduction kinetics. As a result, much effort has gone toward developing cheaper, more effective catalysts. Nanoparticles are attractive because they have different catalytic properties than analogous bulk systems, require less material, and have tunable reactivities based on their composition and size. It is important to perform detailed studies of nanoparticle catalysts since composition and size effects are poorly understood. Computational simulations of such materials can provide useful insights and potentially aid in the design of new catalysts. Here, I examine composition and size effects in nanoparticle catalysts using computational methods. Two bimetallic systems are investigated to explore composition effects: Pd-shell particles with several different core metals, and Pd/Cu random alloy particles. Depending on how the two metals are mixed (core-shell or random alloy), charge transfer and strain due to alloying are found to have different contributions to the catalytic activity. Size effects are studied for pure Pt particles, where corner and edge sites are found to play an important role. The binding geometries of molecular oxygen to corner and edge sites lead to peroxide formation instead of water on small Pt particles. Results form these calculations can provide useful information for designing novel catalysts in the future. By changing the composition and/or size of nanoparticles in the proper way, the interaction between the adsorbate and catalyst can be optimized, and better catalysts can be obtained.

Download or read book PEM Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts and Catalyst Layers written by Jiujun Zhang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-08-26 with total page 1147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are promising clean energy converting devices with high efficiency and low to zero emissions. Such power sources can be used in transportation, stationary, portable and micro power applications. The key components of these fuel cells are catalysts and catalyst layers. “PEM Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts and Catalyst Layers” provides a comprehensive, in-depth survey of the field, presented by internationally renowned fuel cell scientists. The opening chapters introduce the fundamentals of electrochemical theory and fuel cell catalysis. Later chapters investigate the synthesis, characterization, and activity validation of PEM fuel cell catalysts. Further chapters describe in detail the integration of the electrocatalyst/catalyst layers into the fuel cell, and their performance validation. Researchers and engineers in the fuel cell industry will find this book a valuable resource, as will students of electrochemical engineering and catalyst synthesis.

Download or read book Principles of Fuel Cells written by Xianguo Li and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-12-22 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is engineering oriented and covers a large variety of topics ranging from fundamental principles to performance evaluation and applications. It is written systematically and completely on the subject with a summary of state-of-the-art fuel cell technology, filling the need for a timely resource. This is a unique book serving academic researchers, engineers, as well as people working in the fuel cell industry. It is also of substantial interest to students, engineers, and scientists in mechanical engineering, chemistry and chemical engineering, electrochemistry, materials science and engineering, power generation and propulsion systems, and automobile engineering.

Download or read book Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Production written by Timothy E. Lipman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The expected end of the “oil age” will lead to increasing focus and reliance on alternative energy conversion devices, among which fuel cells have the potential to play an important role. Not only can phosphoric acid and solid oxide fuel cells already efficiently convert today’s fossil fuels, including methane, into electricity, but other types of fuel cells, such as polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, have the potential to become the cornerstones of a possible future hydrogen economy. This handbook offers concise yet comprehensive coverage of the current state of fuel cell research and identifies key areas for future investigation. Internationally renowned specialists provide authoritative introductions to a wide variety of fuel cell types and hydrogen production technologies, and discuss materials and components for these systems. Sustainability and marketing considerations are also covered, including comparisons of fuel cells with alternative technologies.

Download or read book Nanomaterials for Fuel Cell Catalysis written by Kenneth I. Ozoemena and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-05 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global experts provide an authoritative source of information on the use of electrochemical fuel cells, and in particular discuss the use of nanomaterials to enhance the performance of existing energy systems. The book covers the state of the art in the design, preparation, and engineering of nanoscale functional materials as effective catalysts for fuel cell chemistry, highlights recent progress in electrocatalysis at both fuel cell anode and cathode, and details perspectives and challenges in future research.

Download or read book Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Durability written by Felix N. Büchi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-02-08 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers a significant number of R&D projects, performed mostly after 2000, devoted to the understanding and prevention of performance degradation processes in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). The extent and severity of performance degradation processes in PEFCs were recognized rather gradually. Indeed, the recognition overlapped with a significant number of industrial dem- strations of fuel cell powered vehicles, which would suggest a degree of technology maturity beyond the resaolution of fundamental failure mechanisms. An intriguing question, therefore, is why has there been this apparent delay in addressing fun- mental performance stability requirements. The apparent answer is that testing of the power system under fully realistic operation conditions was one prerequisite for revealing the nature and extent of some key modes of PEFC stack failure. Such modes of failure were not exposed to a similar degree, or not at all, in earlier tests of PEFC stacks which were not performed under fully relevant conditions, parti- larly such tests which did not include multiple on–off and/or high power–low power cycles typical for transportation and mobile power applications of PEFCs. Long-term testing of PEFCs reported in the early 1990s by both Los Alamos National Laboratory and Ballard Power was performed under conditions of c- stant cell voltage, typically near the maximum power point of the PEFC.

Download or read book PEM Fuel Cells written by Yun Wang and published by Momentum Press. This book was released on 2013-04-06 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cells convert chemical energy in hydrogen into electrical energy with water as the only by-product. Thus, PEM fuel cells hold great promise to reduce both pollutant emissions and dependency on fossil fuels, especially for transportation—passenger cars, utility vehicles, and buses—and small-scale stationary and portable power generators. But one of the greatest challenges to realizing the high efficiency and zero emissions potential of PEM fuel cells technology is heat and water management. This book provides an introduction to the essential concepts for effective thermal and water management in PEM fuel cells and an assessment on the current status of fundamental research in this field. The book offers you: • An overview of current energy and environmental challenges and their imperatives for the development of renewable energy resources, including discussion of the role of PEM fuel cells in addressing these issues; • Reviews of basic principles pertaining to PEM fuel cells, including thermodynamics, electrochemical reaction kinetics, flow, heat and mass transfer; and • Descriptions and discussions of water transport and management within a PEM fuel cell, including vapor- and liquid-phase water removal from the electrodes, the effects of two-phase flow, and solid water or ice dynamics and removal, particularly the specialized case of starting a PEM fuel cell at sub-freezing temperatures (cold start) and the various processes related to ice formation.

Download or read book Biocatalysis written by Gonzalo de Gonzalo and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2017-11-02 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Implementing biocatalytic strategies in an industrial setting at a commercial scale is a challenging task, necessitating a balance between industrial need against economic viability. With invited contributions from small and large-scale chemical and pharmaceutical companies, this book bridges the gap between academia and industry. Contributors discuss current processes, types of biocatalysts and improvements, industrial motivation and key aspects to economically succeed. With its focus on industry related issues, this book will be a useful tool for future research by both practitioners and academics.

Download or read book Nanocarbons for Energy Conversion Supramolecular Approaches written by Naotoshi Nakashima and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-13 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on nanocarbons (carbon nanotubes, graphene, nanoporous carbon, and carbon black) and related materials for energy conversion, including fuel cells (predominately proton exchange membrane fuel cells [PEMFC]), Li-ion batteries, and supercapacitors. Written by a group of internationally recognized researchers, it offers an in-depth review of the structure, properties, and functions of nanocarbons, and summarizes recent advances in the design, fabrication and characterization of nanocarbon-based catalysts for energy applications. As such, it is an invaluable resource for graduate students, academics and industrial scientists interested in the areas of nanocarbons, energy materials for fuel cells, batteries and supercapacitors as well as materials design, and supramolecular science.

Download or read book Electrocatalytic Activities of Supported Pt Nanoparticles for Low temperature Fuel Cell Applications written by Wenchao Sheng (Ph. D.) and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low-temperature fuel cells (FCs) are highly efficient and environmentally friendly energy conversion devices that have been in the spotlight of many energy research efforts in the past few decades. However, FC commercialization is limited by several difficulties, one including the 60 % cell voltage loss caused by the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode despite the use of the active Pt nanoparticles (NPs) supported on high surface area carbon as the catalyst. In addition, the voltage loss due to the anode reaction kinetics in alkaline FCs (AFCs) remains unknown to the FC society, unlike for the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) case, where the loss due to the anode reaction has been well understood. Moreover, the high surface area carbon used for supporting nanoparticle catalysts is also known to corrode during the FC operation, degrading the cell performance over time. To offer a guideline to develop potential solutions to the above issues, this thesis seeks to explore and develop the fundamental understandings of both the cathode and the anode reaction kinetics for low temperature FCs of both PEMFCs and AFCs, and to demonstrate a new type of catalyst support that is resistant to corrosion. On the cathode side (the ORR), how the size of the Pt nanoparticle catalyst affect the performance is still under debate. By investigating the ORR on Pt NPs at different sizes and coupling the results to the spectroscopic information, we seek to explore the fundamentals behind the size effect on the ORR activities. We found that below 5 nm, particle size does not play a big role in the catalytic activity. However, the instability of Pt NPs in acidic environment, under simulated operation conditions of a PEMFC, is found to strongly depend on the particle sizes, which is proposed to be due to the Gibbs- Thomson effect. The findings of the particle size effect on the ORR activities and instability suggest that a trade off between smaller NP catalysts, which gives a benefit of a larger mass activity, can suffer from fast degradation. Therefore, a proper NP size that balances between high mass activity and stability would be the best for FC applications according to our study. On the anode side (the HOR), we found that the reaction kinetics in acid solution on Pt is solely limited by the diffusion of the reactant, and therefore, within the experimental uncertainty, the reaction rate of the HOR in acid is not measurable with conventional rotating disk electrode setup. However, once the same testing configuration is applied to the alkaline solution, the HOR kinetics on Pt electrode are found to be limited by the reaction kinetics, which is in contrast to the case in acid. From this finding, the anodic overpotential loss in AFCs/AMFCs is projected for the first time and is found to be 1/3 of the ORR loss. This thesis thus highlights the need for development of highly efficient HOR catalysts in alkaline in order to make AFCs/AMFCs more efficient. Carbon corrosion represents one of the biggest effects that contribute to the performance degradation in FCs. In this work, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) supported Pt NPs as a novel corrosion-resistant electrocatalyst support for the ORR is proposed as a solution. The Pt/MWCNTs were synthesized through the electrostatic interaction between the Pt precursor and the functionalized MWCNTs, followed by chemical reduction in H2 at elevated temperatures. Our Pt/MWCNTs catalysts exhibit an enhanced durability after an anodic potential holding, which simulates a typical FC environment during the carbon corrosion. The ORR activity of Pt/MWCNTs is also in agreement with that of the commercial Pt/C. The results indicate that MWCNTs have great potential to serve as a novel carbon-support material with high stability without affecting the Pt catalytic activity.

Download or read book Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells 9 written by T. Fuller and published by The Electrochemical Society. This book was released on 2009-09 with total page 2100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue of ECS Transactions is devoted to all aspects of research, development, and engineering of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells and attacks, as well as low-temperature direct-fuel cells. The intention of the symposium is to bring together the international community working on the subject and to enable effective interactions between the research and engineering communities. This issue is sold as a two-part set.

Download or read book Modern Developments In Catalysis written by Graham J Hutchings and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2016-11-14 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The UK Catalysis Hub is a consortium of universities working together on fundamental and applied research to find out how catalysts work and to improve their effectiveness. The contribution of catalysis to manufacturing contributes to almost 40% of global GDP, making development and innovation within the field integral to industry.Modern Developments in Catalysis provides a review of current research and practise on catalysis, focussing on five main themes: catalysis design, environmental catalysis, catalysis and energy, chemical transformation and biocatalysis and biotransformations. Topics range from complex reactions to the intricacies of catalyst preparation for supported nanoparticles, while chapters illustrate the challenges facing catalytic science and the directions in which the field is developing. Edited by leaders of the UK Hub, this book provides insight into one of the most important areas of modern chemistry — it represents a unique learning opportunity for students and professionals studying and working towards speeding-up, improving and increasing the rate of catalytic reactions in science and industry.

Download or read book Electrocatalysis in Fuel Cells written by Minhua Shao and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-08 with total page 748 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fuel cells are one of the most promising clean energy conversion devices that can solve the environmental and energy problems in our society. However, the high platinum loading of fuel cells - and thus their high cost - prevents their commercialization. Non- or low- platinum electrocatalysts are needed to lower the fuel cell cost. Electrocatalysis in Fuel Cells: A Non and Low Platinum Approach is a comprehensive book summarizing recent advances of electrocatalysis in oxygen reduction and alcohol oxidation, with a particular focus on non- and low-Pt electrocatalysts. All twenty four chapters were written by worldwide experts in their fields. The fundamentals and applications of novel electrocatalysts are discussed thoroughly in the book. The book is geared toward researchers in the field, postgraduate students and lecturers, and scientists and engineers at fuel cell and automotive companies. It can even be a reference book for those who are interested in this area.