Download or read book Nano enabled Catalyst for High Power Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells written by Jiefeng Lin and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book One dimensional Nanostructures for PEM Fuel Cell Applications written by Shangfeng Du and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-08-07 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One-dimensional Nanostructures for PEM Fuel Cell Applications provides a review of the progress made in 1D catalysts for applications in polymer electrolyte fuel cells. It highlights the improved understanding of catalytic mechanisms on 1D nanostructures and the new approaches developed for practical applications, also including a critical perspective on current research limits. The book serves as a reference for the design and development of a new generation of catalysts to assist in the realization of successful commercial use that have the potential to decarbonize the domestic heat and transport sectors. In addition, a further commercialization of this technology requires advanced catalysts to address major obstacles faced by the commonly used Pt/C nanoparticles. The unique structure of one-dimensional nanostructures give them advantages to overcome some drawbacks of Pt/C nanoparticles as a new type of excellent catalysts for fuel cell reactions. In recent years, great efforts have been devoted in this area, and much progress has been achieved. Provides a review of 1D catalysts for applications in polymer electrolyte fuel cells Presents an ideal reference for the design and development of a new generation of catalysts to assist in the realization of successful commercial use Highlights the progress made in recent years in this emerging field
Download or read book PEM Fuel Cells written by Gurbinder Kaur and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-11-16 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PEM Fuel Cells: Fundamentals, Advanced Technologies, and Practical Application provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles of PEM fuel cell, their working condition and application, and the latest breakthroughs and challenges for fuel cell technology. Each chapter follows a systematic and consistent structure with clear illustrations and diagrams for easy understanding. The opening chapters address the basics of PEM technology; stacking and membrane electrode assembly for PEM, degradation mechanisms of electrocatalysts, platinum dissolution and redeposition, carbon-support corrosion, bipolar plates and carbon nanotubes for the PEM, and gas diffusion layers. Thermodynamics, operating conditions, and electrochemistry address fuel cell efficiency and the fundamental workings of the PEM. Instruments and techniques for testing and diagnosis are then presented alongside practical tests. Dedicated chapters explain how to use MATLAB and COMSOL to conduct simulation and modeling of catalysts, gas diffusion layers, assembly, and membrane. Degradation and failure modes are discussed in detail, providing strategies and protocols for mitigation. High-temperature PEMs are also examined, as are the fundamentals of EIS. Critically, the environmental impact and life cycle of the production and storage of hydrogen are addressed, as are the risk and durability issues of PEMFC technology. Dedicated chapters are presented on the economics and commercialization of PEMFCs, including discussion of installation costs, initial capital costs, and the regulatory frameworks; apart from this, there is a separate chapter on their application to the automotive industry. Finally, future challenges and applications are considered. PEM Fuel Cells: Fundamentals, Advanced Technologies, and Practical Application provides an in-depth and comprehensive reference on every aspect of PEM fuel cells fundamentals, ideal for researchers, graduates, and students. Presents the fundamentals of PEM fuel cell technology, electrolytes, membranes, modeling, conductivity, recent trends, and future applications Addresses commercialization, public policy, and the environmental impacts of PEMFC in dedicated chapters Presents state-of-the-art PEMFC research alongside the underlying concepts
Download or read book PEM Fuel Cells written by Yun Wang and published by Momentum Press. This book was released on 2013-04-06 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cells convert chemical energy in hydrogen into electrical energy with water as the only by-product. Thus, PEM fuel cells hold great promise to reduce both pollutant emissions and dependency on fossil fuels, especially for transportation—passenger cars, utility vehicles, and buses—and small-scale stationary and portable power generators. But one of the greatest challenges to realizing the high efficiency and zero emissions potential of PEM fuel cells technology is heat and water management. This book provides an introduction to the essential concepts for effective thermal and water management in PEM fuel cells and an assessment on the current status of fundamental research in this field. The book offers you: • An overview of current energy and environmental challenges and their imperatives for the development of renewable energy resources, including discussion of the role of PEM fuel cells in addressing these issues; • Reviews of basic principles pertaining to PEM fuel cells, including thermodynamics, electrochemical reaction kinetics, flow, heat and mass transfer; and • Descriptions and discussions of water transport and management within a PEM fuel cell, including vapor- and liquid-phase water removal from the electrodes, the effects of two-phase flow, and solid water or ice dynamics and removal, particularly the specialized case of starting a PEM fuel cell at sub-freezing temperatures (cold start) and the various processes related to ice formation.
Download or read book Nano electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction written by Omar Solorza Feria and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-06-21 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global warming switches our reliance from fossil fuels to green, sustainable renewable energy sources. Because of its promising nature, high-efficiency nano-electrocatalysts have sparked interest in renewable energy. Hydrogen fuel cell/polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) vehicles are the most environmentally conscious electromobility vehicles, with a high energy density and quick refuelling technology, prompting the auto industry to launch a variety of PEM fuel cell vehicles around the world. Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) primary research interests include fuel cells and metal-air batteries. The sluggish kinetic reaction of ORR, which is responsible for the rate-limiting reaction at the PEM fuel cell cathodic system, further decreases energy efficiency. Optimising ORR for market expansion with cost-effective and efficient nano-electrocatalysts, on the other hand, remains a challenge. The book covers fundamental ORR reaction kinetics theories, tools, and techniques. It also explains the nano electrocatalysts for ORR made of noble, non-noble, and nanocarbon materials. Finally, the book explores the applications of PEM fuel cells and metal-air batteries.
Download or read book Preparation and Characterization of Highly Active Nano Pt C Electrocatalyst for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell written by Qiling Ying and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Catalysts play and essential role in nearly every chemical production process. Platinum supported on high surface area carbon substrates (Pt/C) is one of the promising candidates as an electrocatalyst in low temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells. Developing the activity of the Pt/C catalyst with narrow Pt particle size distribution and good dispersion has been a concern in current research. In this study, the main objective was the development and characterization of inexpensive and effective nanophase Pt/C electrocatalysts.
Download or read book Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Production written by Timothy E. Lipman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-10-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The expected end of the “oil age” will lead to increasing focus and reliance on alternative energy conversion devices, among which fuel cells have the potential to play an important role. Not only can phosphoric acid and solid oxide fuel cells already efficiently convert today’s fossil fuels, including methane, into electricity, but other types of fuel cells, such as polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells, have the potential to become the cornerstones of a possible future hydrogen economy. This handbook offers concise yet comprehensive coverage of the current state of fuel cell research and identifies key areas for future investigation. Internationally renowned specialists provide authoritative introductions to a wide variety of fuel cell types and hydrogen production technologies, and discuss materials and components for these systems. Sustainability and marketing considerations are also covered, including comparisons of fuel cells with alternative technologies.
Download or read book Nanotechnology in Fuel Cells written by Huaihe Song and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-02-23 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology in Fuel Cells focuses on the use of nanotechnology in macroscopic and nanosized fuel cells to enhance their performance and lifespan. The book covers the fundamental design concepts and promising applications of nanotechnology-enhanced fuel cells and their advantages over traditional fuel cells in portable devices, including longer shelf life and lower cost. In the case of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), nano-membranes could provide 100 times higher conductivity of hydrogen ions in low humidity conditions than traditional membranes. For hydrogen fuel cell, nanocatalysts (Pt hybrid nanoparticles) could provide 12 times higher catalytic activity. This is an important reference source for materials scientists and engineers who are looking to understand how nanotechnology is being used to create more efficient macro- and nanosized fuel cells. Outlines how fuel cells can be nanoengineered to enhance their performance and lifespan Covers a variety of fuel cell types, including proton-exchange membrane fuel cells and hydrogen-based fuel cells Assesses the major challenges of nanoengineering fuel cells at an industrial scale
Download or read book Synthesis and Characterization of Nanostructured Electrocatalysts for Proton Exchange Membrane and Direct Methanol Fuel Cells written by Liufeng Xiong and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFC) are attractive power sources as they offer high conversion efficiencies with low or no pollution. However, the most commonly used platinum electrocatalyst is expensive and the world supply of Pt is limited. In addition, the slow oxygen reduction and methanol oxidation kinetics as well as the poisoning of the Pt catalyst at the cathode resulting from methanol permeation from the anode through the Nafion membrane to the cathode lead to significant performance loss. Also, the electrocatalyst utilization in the electrodes also needs to be improved to reduce the overall cost of the electrocatalysts and improve the fuel cell performance. This dissertation explores nanostructured Pt alloys with lower cost and higher catalytic activity than Pt for oxygen reduction in PEMFC to understand the effect of synthesis and structure on the catalytic activity, methanol tolerant Pt/TiOx nanocomposites for oxygen reduction in DMFC, nanostructured Pt-Ru alloys for methanol oxidation in DMFC, and improvement in the utilization of Pt by optimizing the membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) fabrication. From a systematic investigation of a series of Pt-M alloys (M = Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu), the catalytic activity of Pt-M alloys is correlated with the extent of atomic ordering. More ordered Pt alloys exhibit higher catalytic activity than disordered Pt alloys. The higher activity of the ordered Pt alloys is found to relate to various factors including the Pt-Pt distance, Pt: 5d orbital vacancy, {100} planar density and surface atomic configuration. The catalytic activity of the Pt alloys is also influenced by the synthesis method. Low temperature solution methods usually result in smaller particle size and higher surface area, while high temperature routes result in larger particle size and lower surface area but with a greater extent of alloying. Pt/TiOx/C nanocomposites exhibit higher performance than Pt for oxygen reduction in DMFC. The nanocomposites show higher electrchochemical surface area, lower charge transfer resistance, and higher methanol tolerance than Pt. Pt-Ru alloy synthesized by a reverse microemulsion method exhibits higher catalytic surface area than the commercial Pt-Ru. The higher catalytic activity is attributed to a better control of the particle size, crystallinity, and microstructure. Membrane-electrode assemblies (MEAs) fabricated by a modified thin film method exhibit much higher electrocatalyst utilization efficiency and performance than the conventional MEAs in PEMFC. Power densities of 715 and 610 mW/cm2 are obtained at a Pt loading of, respectively, 0.1 and 0.05 mg/cm2 and 90 oC. The higher electrocatalyst utilization is attributed to the thin catalyst layer and a better continuity of the membrane/catalysts layer interface compared to that in the conventional MEAs.
Download or read book Carbon Materials for Catalysis written by Philippe Serp and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-02-04 with total page 603 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive book covering all aspects of the use of carbonaceous materials in heterogeneous catalysis. It covers the preparation and characterization of carbon supports and carbon-supported catalysts; carbon surface chemistry in catalysis; the description of catalytic, photo-catalytic, or electro-catalytic reactions, including the development of new carbon materials such as carbon xerogels, aerogels, or carbon nanotubes; and new carbon-based materials in catalytic or adsorption processes. This is a premier reference for carbon, inorganic, and physical chemists, materials scientists and engineers, chemical engineers, and others.
Download or read book Biocatalysis written by Gonzalo de Gonzalo and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2017-11-02 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Implementing biocatalytic strategies in an industrial setting at a commercial scale is a challenging task, necessitating a balance between industrial need against economic viability. With invited contributions from small and large-scale chemical and pharmaceutical companies, this book bridges the gap between academia and industry. Contributors discuss current processes, types of biocatalysts and improvements, industrial motivation and key aspects to economically succeed. With its focus on industry related issues, this book will be a useful tool for future research by both practitioners and academics.
Download or read book Nanotechnology for Energy Sustainability written by Baldev Raj and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-01-30 with total page 1284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dieses Referenzwerk in drei handlichen Bänden bietet einen detaillierten Überblick über Anwendungen der Nanotechnologie im Bereich Nachhaltigkeit in der Energieversorgung. Der erste Band dieses klar strukturierten Nachschlagewerks behandelt nach der Einleitung die Themen Energieerzeugung, erneuerbare Energien, Energiespeicherung, Energieverteilung sowie Energieumwandlung und Energy-Harvesting. Im zweiten Band werden auf Nanotechnologie basierte Materialen, Energieeinsparung und -management, technologische und urheberrechtlich relevante Fragen, Märkte und Umweltsanierung erörtert. Der dritte Band wirft einen Blick in die Zukunft, auf technologische Fortschritte und gibt Empfehlungen. Ein wichtiges Handbuch für alle Experten auf diesem Gebiet, von Forschern und Ingenieuren im wissenschaftlichen Bereich bis hin zu Entwicklern in der Industrie.
Download or read book Rationally Designed Nanostructured Catalyst for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and Optimized Electrode Configuration written by Alison Fraser and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) are a more sustainable alternative to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles. However, the poor durability and high cost of the cathode, particularly the corrosion-prone carbon black catalyst support, impede the wider commercialization of PEMFC vehicles. Here, carbon nanotubes and TiO2, a highly corrosion resistant material, were self-assembled into composite microparticles using low-power ultrasound. Since low electrical conductivity of metal oxide-based catalyst supports can have a deleterious effect on fuel cell performance, electrical conductivity was tested using a new benchmarking protocol based on the van der Pauw technique. The composite was found to be sufficiently conductive to be incorporated into fuel cells. The large particles (100-400 [mu]m) produced by the ultrasonic bonding technique were tribochemically coated onto a stainless steel mesh gas diffusion layer to form a thin coating (
Download or read book PEM Water Electrolysis written by Dmitri Bessarabov and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-07-23 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogen Energy and Fuel Cell Primers is a series of concise books that present those coming into this broad and multidisciplinary field the most recent advances in each of its particular topics. Its volumes bring together information that has thus far been scattered in many different sources under one single title, which makes them a useful reference for industry professionals, researchers and graduate students, especially those starting in a new topic of research. These volumes, PEM Water Electrolysis vol 1 and 2, allows these readers to identify the technology gaps for the development of commercially viable PEM electrolysis systems for energy applications. This primer examines the fundamentals of PEM electrolysis and selected research topics that are currently subject of attention by academic and industry community, such as gas cross-over and AST protocols. This lays the foundation for the exploration of the current industrial trends for PEM electrolysis, such as power to gas application, are discussed, with strong focus on the current trends in the application of PEM electrolysis associated with energy storage. These include durability aspects of PEM electrolysis systems and components, accelerated stress test protocols, manufacturing aspects of large-scale electrolyzers and components, gas crossover problems in PEM electrolyzer safety, and challenges associated with high-current density operation of PEM electrolyzers. A technology development matrix for systems and components requirements will also be covered, as well as unconventional PEM water electrolysis systems, such as ozone generators Presents the fundamentals and most current knowledge in proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers Explores the technology gaps and challenges for commercial deployment of PEM water electrolysis technologies Includes unconventional systems, such as ozone generators Brings together information from many different sources under one single title, making it a useful reference for industry professionals, researchers and graduate students alike
Download or read book Durable Pt based Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Fuel Cell written by Zeyan Liu and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fuel cells are devices that can efficiently convert fuels into electricity without the limitation of the Carnot cycle. Particularly, hydrogen fuel cells have attracted enormous interest due to their high energy density, high efficiency, and low environmental impacts. The most widely adopted proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) use platinum (Pt) catalysts to drive both anode and cathode reactions. To date, the most significant roadblock to the broad dissemination of this green energy technology remains the acceleration and retention of the reaction rate of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode. Developing robust, active, and cost-effective ORR catalysts is the solution to this challenge.In my first work, I demonstrated a Cu doping strategy to enhance the intrinsic activity and durability of octahedral PtNi nanoparticles in the rotating-disk-electrode (RDE) setting. By a novel integration of simulations and growth tracking experiments, we uncover the beneficial role of increased surface Pt composition, which reduces the generation of surface vacancies and subsequent dissolution of sub-surface Cu and Ni atoms. Unlike the well-controlled RDE system, the critical role of mass transports in a practical membrane-electrode-assembly (MEA) system demands additional consideration in stability-enhancing strategies. Therefore, in my subsequent work, I recognized the critical challenge in MEA with ultralow Pt loading and designed a graphene-nanopocket-encaged platinum cobalt nanocatalyst with good electrochemical accessibility and exceptional durability in practical MEA testing. With the greatly improved rated power and durability, a 6.8 gram Pt loading is projected for a 90-kW PEMFC light-duty vehicle, approaching that used in a typical catalytic converter. Furthermore, I presented a unique design of ultrafine Pt nanocatalysts with embedded cobalt oxide clusters, which further improve the catalyst stability for durable PEMFCs. This endohedral-oxide design exploits the strong Pt/oxide interaction, which grants the catalyst its exceptional structural and chemical durability, without sacrificing activity. The developed nanocatalyst exhibits exceptional durability promising an outstanding projected lifetime of 15,000 hours.
Download or read book Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells 9 written by T. Fuller and published by The Electrochemical Society. This book was released on 2009-09 with total page 2100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue of ECS Transactions is devoted to all aspects of research, development, and engineering of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells and attacks, as well as low-temperature direct-fuel cells. The intention of the symposium is to bring together the international community working on the subject and to enable effective interactions between the research and engineering communities. This issue is sold as a two-part set.
Download or read book Comparison of Pt MWCNTs Nanocatalysts Synthesis Processes for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells written by Xuan Liu and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the growing concerns on the depletion of petroleum based energy resources and climate change; fuel cell technologies have received much attention in recent years. Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFCs) features high energy conversion efficiency and nearly zero greenhouse gas emissions, because of its combination of the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) at anode side and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at cathode side.
