Download or read book Surface Organometallic Chemistry Molecular Approaches to Surface Catalysis written by Jean-Marie Basset and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface organometallic chemistry is a new field bringing together researchers from organometallic, inorganic, and surface chemistry and catalysis. Topics ranging from reaction mechanisms to catalyst preparation are considered from a molecular basis, according to which the "active site" on a catalyst surface has a supra-molecular character. This. the first book on the subject, is the outcome of a NATO Workshop held in Le Rouret. France, in May. 1986. It is our hope that the following chapters and the concluding summary of recommendations for research may help to provide a definition of surface organometallic chemistry. Besides catalysis. the central theme of the Workshop, four main topics are considered: 1) Reactions of organometallics with surfaces of metal oxides, metals. and zeolites; 2) Molecular models of surfaces, metal oxides, and metals; 3) Molecular approaches to the mechanisms of surface reactions; 4) Synthesis and modification of zeolites and related microporous solids. Most surface organometallic chemistry has been carried out on amorphous high-surf ace-area metal oxides such as silica. alumina. magnesia, and titania. The first chapter. contributed by KNOZINGER. gives a short summary of the structure and reactivity of metal oxide surfaces. Most of our understanding of these surfaces is based on acid base and redox chemistry; this chemistry has developed from X-ray and spectroscopic data, and much has been inferred from the structures and reactivities of adsorbed organic probe molecules. There are major opportunities for extending this understanding by use of well-defined (single crystal) oxide surfaces and organometallic probe molecules.

Download or read book Handbook of Maleic Anhydride Based Materials written by Osama M. Musa and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-22 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A handbook on syntheses and properties, production processes, and applications of maleic anhydride and maleic anhydride derived products – all in one text. This handbook provides a comprehensive overview of maleic anhydride chemistry and applications from the professional perspective. With chapters written by leading R&D scientists from the chemical industry, and edited by the Vice President and ASI Technology Chief at Ashland Specialty Ingredients (ASI), Dr. Osama M. Musa, readers will find a unique perspective and summary of the latest advancements in the field of maleic anhydride science. Maleic anhydride is produced industrially on large scale (10E3 kt/annum). Its rich chemistry makes it an important raw material for numerous products and processes (e.g. for applications in polymers and coatings), many of which are covered in this handbook for the first time in a comprehensive manner. The broad scope spans topics ranging from production techniques (including topics such as processes, catalysis, trouble-shooting), synthesis and properties of small and polymeric maleic anhydride based compounds (focusing on industrially relevant compounds as well as emerging areas of importance) and in-depth and broad discussions of commercial maleic anhydride based applications.

Download or read book Nanostructured Catalysts written by Susannah L. Scott and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-04-06 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the recent advent of nanotechnology, research and development in the area of nanostructured materials has gained unprecedented prominence. Novel materials with potentially exciting new applications are being discovered at a much higher rate than ever before. Innovative tools to fabricate, manipulate, characterize and evaluate such materials are being developed and expanded. To keep pace with this extremely rapid growth, it is necessary to take a breath from time to time, to critically assess the current knowledge and provide thoughts for future developments. This book represents one of these moments, as a number of prominent scientists in nanostructured materials join forces to provide insightful reviews of their areas of expertise, thus offering an overall picture of the state-- the art of the field. Nanostructured materials designate an increasing number of materials with designed shapes, surfaces, structures, pore systems, etc. Nanostructured materials with modified surfaces include those whose surfaces have been altered via such techniques as grafting and tethering of organic or organometallic species, or through various deposition procedures including electro, electroless and vapor deposition, or simple adsorption. These materials find important applications in catalysis, separation and environmental remediation. Materials with patterned surfaces, which are essential for the optoelectronics industry, constitute another important class of surface-modified nanostructured materials. Other materials are considered nanostructured because of their composition and internal organization.

Download or read book Selective Oxidation by Heterogeneous Catalysis written by Gabriele Centi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selective Oxidation by Heterogeneous Catalysis covers one of the major areas of industrial petrochemical production, outlining open questions and new opportunities. It gives keys for the interpretation and analysis of data and design of new catalysts and reactions, and provides guidelines for future research. A distinctive feature of this book is the use of concept by example. Rather than reporting an overview of the literature results, the authors have selected some representative examples, the in-depth analysis of which makes it possible to clarify the fundamental, but new concepts necessary for a better understanding of the new opportunities in this field and the design of new catalysts or catalytic reactions. Attention is given not only to the catalyst itself, but also to the use of the catalyst inside the process, thus evidencing the relationship between catalyst design and engineering aspects of the process. This book provides suggestions for new innovative directions of research and indications on how to reconsider the field of selective oxidation from different perspectives, outlining that is not a mature field of research, but that new important breakthroughs can be derived from fundamental and applied research. Suggestions are offered on how to use less conventional approaches in terms of both catalyst design and analysis of the data.

Download or read book Clean Coal Technologies written by Rajesh Kumar Jyothi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-10 with total page 665 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the state of art of the several advanced approaches to beneficiation of coal. The influence of recent technology attains the advantages of processing coal, purification studies, rheological behavior, and the mineral beneficiation. The experts collected in this volume have contributed significantly to the enrichment in the in depth knowledge not only in context of working knowledge, but also future prospects of clean coal technology.

Download or read book Reaction Mechanisms in Carbon Dioxide Conversion written by Michele Aresta and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-07 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an analysis of the reaction mechanisms relevant to a number of processes in which CO2 is converted into valuable products. Several different processes are considered that convert CO2 either in specialty chemicals or in bulk products or fuels. For each reaction, the mechanism is discussed and the assessed steps besides the dark sites of the reaction pathway are highlighted. From the insertion of CO2 into E-X bonds to the reduction of CO2 to CO or other C1 molecules or else to C2 or Cn molecules, the reactions are analysed in order to highlight the known and obscure reaction steps. Besides well known reaction mechanisms and energy profiles, several lesser known situations are discussed. Advancing knowledge of the latter would help to develop efficient routes for the conversion of CO2 into valuable products useful either in the chemical or in the energy industry. The content of this book is quite different from other books reporting the use of CO2. On account of its clear presentation, “Reaction Mechanisms in Carbon Dioxide Conversion” targets in particular researchers, teachers and PhD students.

Download or read book Supported Metal Complexes written by F.R. Hartley and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is now IS years since the first patents in polymer supported metal complex catalysts were taken out. In the early days ion-exchange resins were used to support ionic metal complexes. Soon covalent links were developed, and after an initially slow start there was a period of explosive growth in the mid to late 1970s during which virtually every homogeneous metal complex catalyst ever reported was also studied bound to a support. Both polymers and inorganic oxides were studied as supports, although the great preponderance of workers studied polymeric supports, and of these polystyrene was by far the commonest used. This period served to show that by very careful design polymer-supported metal complex catalysts could have specific advantages over homogeneous metal complex catalysts. However the subject was a complicated one. Merely immobilising a successful metal complex catalyst to a functionalised support rarely yielded other than an inferior version of the catalyst. Amongst the many discouraging results of the 1970s, there were more than enough results that were sufficiently encouraging to demonstrate that, by careful design, supported metal complex catalysts could be prepared in which both the metal complex and the support combined together to produce an active catalyst which, due to the combination of support and complex, had advantages of activity, selectivity and specificity not found in homogeneous catalysts. Thus a new generation of catalysts was being developed.

Download or read book Catalytic Naphtha Reforming written by George J. Antos and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique, single-source reference offers complete coverage of the process and catalyst chemistry involved in naphtha reforming - from the preparation, characterization, and performance evaluation of catalysts to the operation of the catalyst itself - and evaluates the most recent research into unknown aspects of catalyst reactions, shedding light on the future of catalyst technology. Discussing the complexities of the reforming process, Catalytic Naphtha Reforming delineates commercially available processes and catalysts . . . explores the chemistry of the catalytic sites employed for reactions . . . examines catalyst deactivation, pretreating processes to prevent it, and regeneration processes . . . describes metals recovery as well as significant improvements in platinum reforming catalysts . . . explains process development and modeling . . . presents new commercial technologies . . . and much more.

Download or read book Handbook of Industrial Catalysts written by Lawrie Lloyd and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-07-26 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much has been written about fundamental aspects of catalysis, yet despite their universal applications details concerning commercial catalysts and information about actual operating conditions are not readily available. This book provides up-to-date reviews and references to guide those working on industrial catalysts. It will be an invaluable guide for catalysis researchers in industry and academia, and for students.

Download or read book Hydrometallurgy written by Suresh Bhargava and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-07-02 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Hydrometallurgy" that was published in Metals

Download or read book Anagram Solver written by Bloomsbury Publishing and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 719 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anagram Solver is the essential guide to cracking all types of quiz and crossword featuring anagrams. Containing over 200,000 words and phrases, Anagram Solver includes plural noun forms, palindromes, idioms, first names and all parts of speech. Anagrams are grouped by the number of letters they contain with the letters set out in alphabetical order so that once the letters of an anagram are arranged alphabetically, finding the solution is as easy as locating the word in a dictionary.

Download or read book Metal Oxide Catalysis 2 Volume Set written by S. David Jackson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-11-24 with total page 916 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With its two-volume structure, this handbook and ready reference allows for comprehensive coverage of both characterization and applications, while uniform editing throughout ensures that the structure remains consistent. The result is an up-to-date review of metal oxides in catalysis. The first volume covers a range of techniques that are used to characterize oxides, with each chapter written by an expert in the field. Volume 2 goes on to cover the use of metal oxides in catalytic reactions. For all chemists and engineers working in the field of heterogeneous catalysis.

Download or read book Green Chemistry written by Paul T. Anastas and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1998 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The history of environmental protection has dealt with hazardous substances by cleaning them up or treating them after the substances have formed. Green Chemistry, however, designs products and processes so that no hazardous materials are used or made in the first place. With applications fromplastic to paints, from automobiles to pharmaceuticals, Green Chemistry is revolutionising science and industry and its impact on the environment.

Download or read book Modern Drying Technology 5 Volume Set written by Evangelos Tsotsas and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 2014-04-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These five-volume series provide a comprehensive overview of all important aspects of drying technology like computational tools at different scales (Volume 1), modern experimental and analytical techniques (Volume 2), product quality and formulation (Volume 3), energy savings (Volume 4) and process intensification (Volume 5) Based on high-level cutting-edge results contributed by internationally recognized experts in the various treated fields, this book series will help engineers achieve greater efficiency for an unavoidable, yet vital process Located at the intersection of the two main approaches in modern chemical engineering, product engineering and process systems engineering, the series brings theory into practice in order to improve the quality of high-value dried products, save energy, and cut the costs of drying processes Available in print as 5 Volume Set or as individual volumes. Buy the Set and SAVE 30%! Also available online. For further information, visit wileyonlinelibrary.com Individual volumes: Volume 1 - Modern Drying Technology, Computational Tools at Different Scales Diverse model types for the drying of products and the design of drying processes (short-cut methods, homogenized, pore network, and continuous thermo-mechanical approaches) are treated, along with computational fluid dynamics, population balances, and process systems simulation tools. Emphasis is put on scale transitions. Volume 2 - Modern Drying Technology: Experimental Techniques Comprises experimental methods used in various industries and in research in order to design and control drying processes, measure moisture and moisture distributions, characterize particulate material and the internal micro-structure of dried products, and investigate the behavior of particle systems in drying equipment. Key topics include acoustic levitation, near-infrared spectral imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, X-ray tomography, and positron emission tracking. Volume 3 - Modern Drying Technology: Product Quality and Formulation Discusses how desired properties of foods, biomaterials, active pharmaceutical ingredients, and fragile aerogels can be preserved during drying, and how spray drying and spray fluidized bed processes can be used for particle formation and formulation. Methods for monitoring product quality, such as process analytical technology, and modeling tools, such as Monte Carlo simulations, discrete particle modeling and neural networks, are presented with real examples from industry and academia. Volume 4 - Modern Drying Technology: Energy Savings Deals with the reduction of energy demand in various drying processes and areas, highlighting the following topics: Energy analysis of dryers, efficient solid-liquid separation techniques, osmotic dehydration, heat pump assisted drying, zeolite usage, solar drying, drying and heat treatment for solid wood and other biomass sources, and sludge thermal processing. Volume 5 - Process Intensification Dedicated to process intensification by more efficient distribution and flow of the drying medium, foaming, controlled freezing, and the application of superheated steam, infrared radiation, microwaves, power ultrasound and pulsed electric fields. Process efficiency is treated in conjunction with the quality of sensitive products, such as foods, for a variety of hybrid and combined drying processes.

Download or read book Industrial Polymers Specialty Polymers and Their Applications written by Manas Chanda and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-07-18 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Derived from the fourth edition of the well-known Plastics Technology Handbook, Industrial Polymers, Specialty Polymers, and Their Applications covers a wide range of general and special types of polymers

Download or read book Seymour Carraher s Polymer Chemistry written by Charles E. Carraher Jr. and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2003-04-30 with total page 952 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This revolutionary and best-selling resource contains more than 200 pages of additional information and expanded discussions on zeolites, bitumen, conducting polymers, polymerization reactors, dendrites, self-assembling nanomaterials, atomic force microscopy, and polymer processing. This exceptional text offers extensive listings of laboratory exercises and demonstrations, web resources, and new applications for in-depth analysis of synthetic, natural, organometallic, and inorganic polymers. Special sections discuss human genome and protonics, recycling codes and solid waste, optical fibers, self-assembly, combinatorial chemistry, and smart and conductive materials.

Download or read book Chromium Oxidations in Organic Chemistry written by G. Cainelli and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chromium oxidation, well known and widely explored in organic chemistry since the very beginning of this science, is a topic of current interest for the organic chemist as evidenced by the continuous development of new techni ques and procedures reported in the literature. Chromium oxidation is a simple process which can be easily performed in the laboratory and scaled up in industry as well. Although almost every oxidizable organic functional group may undergo chromium oxidation, the most important fields of appli cation are the oxidation of alcohols, allylic and benzylic oxidation, oxidative degradation and oxidation of some organometallic compounds. A high degree of selectivity is often possible by choosing the most suitable reagent among those several ones now available. This book takes account of the various functional groups that undergo oxidation and the entire literature up to 1982. It has been written in the hope to help the synthetic organic chemist in his experimental work. For this purpose a number of tables comprising yields and references have been included; detailed descriptions of typical procedures are meant to show the experimental conditions and the scope of the reactions. We wish to thank Dr. Mario Orena for his valuable scientific and technical assistence and Prof. Bruno Camerino, who read the entire manuscript and corrected many of the errors. Bologna, February 1984 Gianfranco Cainelli Giuliana Cardillo Table of Contents I. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . .