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Book Fibromyalgia and Myofascial Pain Syndrome

Download or read book Fibromyalgia and Myofascial Pain Syndrome written by Chris Jenner and published by How To Books. This book was released on 2014-03-14 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by one of the UK's leading consultants on pain control, this authoritative, yet easily comprehensible book, delivers a high level of understanding and practical advice to the lay reader. Highly recommended. Manage your Fibromyalgia by becoming an expert patient. There really is life after being diagnosed with fibromyalgia or myofascial pain syndrome...and yours starts here. The lack of knowledge which surrounds two of the most prevalent illnesses in the world today means that they can often go undiagnosed and untreated for years, during which time both the mental and physical condition of sufferers can deteriorate considerably. With the right care, there is much that can be done to help anyone with these conditions to improve their quality of life dramatically. The first step towards that is by doing precisely what you are doing now, educating yourself. Within the covers of this book, you will find an easy-to-read and practical guide to dealing with fibromyalgia and myofascial pain. Dr Chris Jenner takes a straightforward and down-to-earth look at what these two conditions are about; how they might affect different aspects of your life; what your options are; and how you can get on with your life.

Book Healing through Trigger Point Therapy

Download or read book Healing through Trigger Point Therapy written by Devin J. Starlanyl and published by North Atlantic Books. This book was released on 2013-08-27 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about empowerment for chronic pain patients and care providers alike. Every chronic pain condition has a treatable myofascial trigger point component, including fibromyalgia. Many of the localized symptoms now considered as fibromyalgia are actually due to trigger points. The central sensitization of fibromyalgia amplifies symptoms that trigger points cause, and this book teaches care providers and patients how to identify and treat those causes. Chronic myofascial pain due to trigger points can be body-wide, and can cause or maintain fibromyalgia central sensitization. Trigger points can cause and/or maintain or contribute to many types of pain and dysfunction, including numbness and tingling, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, plantar fasciitis, osteoarthritis, cognitive dysfunctions and disorientation, impotence, incontinence, loss of voice, pelvic pain, muscle weakness, menstrual pain, TMJ dysfunction, shortness of breath, and many symptoms attributed to old age or "atypical" or psychological sources. Trigger point therapy has been around for decades, but only recently have trigger points been imaged at the Mayo Clinic and National Institutes of Health. Their ubiquity and importance is only now being recognized. Devin Starlanyl is a medically trained chronic myofascial pain and fibromyalgia researcher and educator, as well as a patient with both of these conditions. She has provided chronic pain education and support to thousands of patients and care providers around the world for decades. John Sharkey is a physiologist with more than twenty-seven years of anatomy experience, and the director of a myofascial pain facility. Together they have written a comprehensive reference to trigger point treatment to help patients with fibromyalgia, myofascial pain, and many other conditions. This guide will be useful for all types of doctors, nurses, therapists, bodyworkers, and lay people, facilitating communication between care providers and patients and empowering patients who now struggle with all kinds of misunderstood and unexplained symptoms. Part 1 explains what trigger points are and how they generate symptoms, refer pain and other symptoms to other parts of the body, and create a downward spiral of dysfunction. The authors look at the interconnection between fibromyalgia and myofascial trigger points and their possible causes and symptoms; identify stressors that perpetuate trigger points such as poor posture, poor breathing habits, nutritional inadequacies, lack of sleep, and environmental and psychological factors; and provide a list of over one hundred pain symptoms and their most common corresponding trigger point sources. Part 2 describes the sites of trigger points and their referral patterns within each region of the body, and provides pain relief solutions for fibromyalgia and trigger point patients and others with debilitating symptoms. Pain treatment plans include both self-help remedies for the patient—stretching or postural exercises, self-massage techniques and prevention strategies—as well as diagnostic and treatment hints for care providers. Part 3 offers guidance for both patients and care providers in history taking, examination, and palpation skills, as well as treatment options. It offers a vision for the future that includes early assessment, adequate medical training, prevention of fibromyalgia and osteoarthritis, changes to chronic pain management and possible solutions to the health care crisis, and a healthier version of our middle age and golden years, asserting that patients have a vital role to play in the management of their own health.

Book Myofascial Pain and Fibromyalgia

Download or read book Myofascial Pain and Fibromyalgia written by Edward S. Rachlin and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This concise, but thorough text covers both the theory and current practice of fibromyalgia and myofascial pain management. It provides practical, step-by-step descriptions of both traditional and state-of-the-art approaches to trigger point injections and nerve blocks, accompanied by clear diagrams that illustrate pain patterns, muscle anatomy, patient positioning, and more. An interdisciplinary approach draws on the knowledge and expertise of authorities in the fields of rheumatology, physiatry, orthopedic surgery, psychology, endocrinology, physical therapy, dentistry, ergonomic engineering, and anesthesiology. Diagnosis and treatment of fibromyalgia. The metabolic and endocrine causes of muscle pain. Treatment of neck and back pain and repetitive stress injuries. Alternative and complementary approaches to treating muscle pain and chronic pain. New diagnostic and injection techniques for myofascial pain, fibromyalgia, and trigger points. Nerve block therapy for myofascial pain. Diagnosis of musculoskeletal pain in children. Facial pain management. Five brand-new chapters (See the Table of Contents.) The role of physical therapy, including electrical modalities, massage techniques, manual therapy techniques, body mechanics, and ergonomics.

Book The Clinical Neurobiology of Fibromyalgia and Myofascial Pain

Download or read book The Clinical Neurobiology of Fibromyalgia and Myofascial Pain written by Robert M. Bennett and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-08-11 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is chronic fatigue syndrome an early process of muscle aging? Is fibromyalgia a central pain state? This book covers the latest developments in pain research as presented at the Fifth World Congress on Myofascial Pain (MYOPAIN 2001). It examines the results of a wide scope of basic and applied research on soft-tissue pain, with a strong focus on therapeutic approaches. Its three main sections explore the neurobiology of central sensitization, regional pain syndromes, and chronic widespread pain. In addition, this well-referenced book presents a fascinating chapter on the complex relationship between muscle pain and aging. Handy graphs, charts, and illustrations make the information easy to assimilate. The Clinical Neurobiology of Fibromyalgia and Myofascial Pain: Therapeutic Implications contains up-to-date information on: the brain?s reactions to states of persistent pain the physical aftermath of torture ways to define and address the emotional distress that commonly observed in chronic pain patients the mechanisms and manifestations of muscle hyperalgesia the pathophysiology of inflammatory muscle pain regional muscle pain syndromes state-of-the-art information on the pathophysiology of visceral pain and visceral-somatic pain representations a case study of a physical therapy approach to fibromyalgia using Myofascial trigger points the epidemiology of widespread pain and its development after injuries syndromes that share overlapping clinical features with fibromyalgia the connection between HPA dysfunction, ANS dysfunction, and fibromyalgia the plasticity of excitatory synaptic transmission in the spinal dorsal horn and its role in the pathogenesis of pain hypersensitivity how the central mechanisms of pain transmission relate to pharmacological systems that are responsible for generating central sensitization states what PET and MRI show us about the role that the cerebral cortex plays in the perception and modulation of pain

Book Muscle Pain  Myofascial Pain  and Fibromyalgia

Download or read book Muscle Pain Myofascial Pain and Fibromyalgia written by Leonardo Vecchiet and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-10-15 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover new findings on musculoskeletal pain from experts around the world! This comprehensive book gives you new insights into musculoskeletal disorders which are among the major sources of chronic pain and disability. Although much remains to be explored in the muscle pain domain, the results of the many studies conducted have undoubtedly led to an improvement in diagnostic tools and knowledge about pathophysiological mechanisms of the various syndromes. Muscle Pain, Myofascial Pain, and Fibromyalgia is a comprehensive update on the latest developments in musculoskeletal pain and a valuable point of reference for both patients and scientists in this field. Muscle Pain, Myofascial Pain, and Fibromyalgia: Recent Advances covers the developments in musculoskeletal pain research that were presented at the MYOPAIN '98 Congresses in Silvi Marina, Italy. This work explores the results of basic and applied research regarding soft-tissue pain, with a strong focus on skeletal muscle physiology and related clinical syndromes. Muscle Pain, Myofascial Pain, and Fibromyalgia offers you the widest possible range of topics in the context of muscle pain disorders as well as a variety of clinical and experimental approaches to the different aspects of the problem. This important and informative book also gives you a detailed account of the Consensus Meeting on Diagnostic Criteria of Myofascial Pain Syndromes, which was held at the end of the Congress. Some of the topics related to musculoskeletal pain that you will explore in Muscle Pain, Myofascial Pain, and Fibromyalgia include: neurogenic inflammation in muscle pain treating myofascial pain by reducing activity of trigger points and tender spots using specific drugs and physical therapy therapeutic approaches to muscle pain for patients with myoarthropathies neurochemical pathogenesis of fibromyalgia syndrome treatments for fibromyalgia syndrome, such as the use of amitriptyline (2-6) and cyclobenzaprine (7-11) findings on tests to identify myofascial pain syndrome and fibromyalgia differential diagnosis problems when chronic myalgia is not the main symptom because other infective ailments, such as Lyme disease or HIV, are prevalent and may cause myalgia to become a secondary diagnosis As a health care professional or someone who suffers from musculoskeletal pain, you will discover that the findings in Muscle Pain, Myofascial Pain, and Fibromyalgia are invaluable for your use and the continued clinical and basic research of this growing field.

Book Clinical Overview and Pathogenesis of the Fibromyalgia Syndrome  Myofascial Pain Syndrome  and Other

Download or read book Clinical Overview and Pathogenesis of the Fibromyalgia Syndrome Myofascial Pain Syndrome and Other written by Irwin Jon Russell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-09-27 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinical Overview and Pathogenesis of the Fibromyalgia Syndrome, Myofascial Pain Syndrome, and Other Pain Syndromes highlights the work of featured speakers from the MYOPAIN ?95 Third World Congress, an international meeting of the minds regarding the two soft tissue pain conditions of myofascial pain syndrome and fibromyalgia syndrome. The work compiled in this anthology advances reader understanding of these two disorders by sharing the most advanced research in this field. The authors in Clinical Overview and Pathogenesis of the Fibromyalgia Syndrome, Myofascial Pain Syndrome, and Other Pain Syndromes range from clinician investigators to basic scientists, from around the world, whose work has been an important overlap with the directions being taken by clinician investigators in each field. These authors review what has been learned about the clinical features of patient presentation and the contemporary treatments for each disorder. Authors also trace past progress of these disorders as a means for understanding their pathogenesis and to point toward future research directions. This unrivaled source allows physicians, dentists, researchers, and others working in this field to build on proven progress and prepare for the MYOPAIN ?98 meeting in Italy.

Book Musculoskeletal Pain  Myofascial Pain Syndrome  and the Fibromyalgia Syndrome

Download or read book Musculoskeletal Pain Myofascial Pain Syndrome and the Fibromyalgia Syndrome written by Irwin Jon Russell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1993-12-23 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here in one concise volume is a complete review of localized and generalized musculoskeletal disorders. Musculoskeletal Pain, Myofascial Pain Syndrome, and the Fibromyalgia Syndrome includes the latest research findings on these disorders from medical leaders around the world. This broad-based symposium updates both researcher and clinician on the most recent advances and pioneering approaches to musculoskeletal pain, with special emphasis on the myofascial pain and fibromyalgia syndromes. Chapters represent important thinking and clinical approaches from authorities in nine countries. Myofascial pain and fibromyalgia syndromes are covered extensively by the contributors to this book. The coverage they provide on issues related to these two syndromes is multidimensional and includes epidemiology clinical features pathophysiology treatment The review chapters featured in the book span epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatment on both myofascial pain and fibromyalgia. These report-like chapters provide brief insight of musculoskeletal pain disorders which is ideal for beginners in the field. Advanced readers will benefit from the more specific research chapters which report on fibromyalgia and myofascial pain. All readers will particularly benefit from “Consensus Document on Fibromyalgia: The Copenhagen Declaration,” a report which releases the latest definitions, research, and treatment findings for musculoskeletal disorders from the world?s leading experts. The Consensus also sets down the challenge for intensified future research. Physicians, dentists, chiropractors at all levels of practice, and expert physiotherapists will gain much insight on these disorders from this compendium of information. While dentists are probably most interested in myofascial pain, all the subjects covered are of equal interest to these medical practitioners. MORE COPYMany of the contributing authors or groups of authors have included tables, figures or illustrations, and charts to accurately and succinctly complement their research findings and presentations. A selection of only a few tables and charts reveals multidimensional topics such as these: Problems Associated With Diagnosis in Fibromyalgia Comparison of Sensitivity, Specificity, and Accuracy of the 1990 Criteria for the Classification of Fibromyalgia With Previous Criteria Sets Population Surveys of Fibromyalgia Prevalence Content Validity for Diagnostic Criteria for Masticatory Myofascial Pain Medications Tested in Controlled Therapeutic Trials in Fibromyalgia Pathobiology of Classical Diseases Versus Dynamics of Dysfunctional Syndromes Exercise and Pain Characteristics of Women With Fibromyalgia Neck Muscle Function in Cerviocobrachial Syndrome Compared to Healthy Subjects The figures are no less revealing; they highlight exciting discoveries and diagram vital discoveries which expand current understanding of musculoskeletal disorders. Here is a sample of the types of figures included: Pain Diagrams From Four Patients With Fibromyalgia Genetic Predisposition to Muscle Microtrauma Calcium Activated Muscle Damage Classification and Subsetting of Fibromyalgia Cross-Sections of a Capillary From a Tender Point of the Trapezius Muscle in a Fibromyalgia Patient General Pain on Visual Analog Scale

Book Integrative Therapies for Fibromyalgia  Chronic Fatigue Syndrome  and Myofascial Pain

Download or read book Integrative Therapies for Fibromyalgia Chronic Fatigue Syndrome and Myofascial Pain written by Celeste Cooper and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2010-02-05 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to coping with fibromyalgia, myofascial pain, and chronic fatigue syndrome • Reveals how to deal with each disorder and how treatments can interact or aggravate if more than one disorder is present • Offers techniques to dispel the side effects created by these illnesses Fibromyalgia, chronic myofascial pain, and chronic fatigue syndrome are often seen as interchangeable conditions, a belief held even by many health care providers. Nothing could be further from the truth--however, they do often coexist. Knowing if more than one of these disorders is present is extremely important because the treatment for one of them can often exacerbate the problems caused by the others. Written by a registered nurse and a psychologist who has been treating these conditions since 1994, this book presents an integrative medical approach to these three disorders with a strong emphasis on utilizing and strengthening the mind-body connection to restore well-being. The authors provide a thorough guide to numerous treatment options--from diet, exercise, and herbs to mindfulness meditation, chi kung, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). They also offer techniques to dispel the “brain fog” that these disorders often create and show how to overcome the resultant obstacles to effectively communicating with your doctor. The additional information included on the psychological issues that accompany these chronic pain disorders allows this integrative treatment guide to open the door not only to physical recovery but also emotional and mental well-being.

Book Soft Tissue Pain Syndromes

Download or read book Soft Tissue Pain Syndromes written by Irwin Jon Russell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-03-03 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: International experts present the latest advances in soft tissue pain diagnosis and treatment Soft Tissue Pain Syndromes: Clinical Diagnosis and Pathogenesis is a collection of the finest presentations from the 2004 International MYOPAIN Society’s Sixth World Congress held in Munich, Germany. Internationally respected experts present the state-of-the-art in pain mechanisms, myofascial pain syndrome, fibromyalgia syndrome, and inflammatory myopathies. Up-to-date innovative studies illustrate appropriate diagnosis approaches and latest practical treatments for soft tissue pain syndromes of all types. To remain effective, physicians and other health care professionals treating soft tissue pain must strive to stay current on the latest research and cutting-edge therapies. Soft Tissue Pain Syndromes explores the latest advances in clinical evaluation, investigation, and principles of management of soft tissue pain in tendons, ligaments, bursa, fascia, muscles and nerves. The book is extensively referenced and contains several figures, tables, and graphs to enhance understanding. Topics in Soft Tissue Pain Syndromes include: new developments in the understanding of myofascial trigger points (TrPs) medical and structural conditions associated with TrPs the causes of orofacial pain treatment to inactivate TrPs effective therapies for myofascial pain the latest developments in the understanding of fibromyalgia syndrome diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis of fibromyalgia innovative nonpharmacologic therapies for fibromyalgia the metabolism of muscle cells and metabolic myopathies studies on therapies for idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) low back pain—with the latest therapies reactions in the spinal cord to a painful lesion of a muscle the latest findings in the morphopathogenetic background of muscle pain Soft Tissue Pain Syndromes is crucial reading for physicians and other health care professionals interested in the latest innovations in treating soft tissue pain.

Book Myofascial Pain and Fibromyalgia

Download or read book Myofascial Pain and Fibromyalgia written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Fibromyalgia and Other Central Pain Syndromes

Download or read book Fibromyalgia and Other Central Pain Syndromes written by Daniel Jeffrey Wallace and published by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. This book was released on 2005 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the first comprehensive text devoted to fibromyalgia and other centrally mediated chronic pain syndromes. Leading experts examine the latest research findings on these syndromes and present evidence-based reviews of current controversies. Chapters discuss the definition, epidemiology, and pathophysiology of chronic pain and fibromyalgia, the clinical presentations of fibromyalgia syndrome, and central sensitization syndromes associated with chronic neuromuscular pain. The contributors thoroughly examine various approaches to evaluation and management of patients with fibromyalgia and chronic pain. Other chapters focus on disability issues, prognosis, and future research directions. A critically reviewed listing of Websites and other resources is included.

Book Myopain  95

    Book Details:
  • Author : I. Jon Russell
  • Publisher : CRC Press
  • Release : 1995
  • ISBN :
  • Pages : 218 pages

Download or read book Myopain 95 written by I. Jon Russell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each of the 165 presentations at the MYOPAIN '95 Third World Congress is abstracted in the distinctive MYOPAIN '95. This is an unrivaled resource that allows physicians, dentists, researchers, and others working in this field to access key information as presented by specialists worldwide who work with and research chronic pain. This compact resource gathers into one publication the wealth of information presented at the Congress. As a collection of synopses, MYOPAIN '95(title) gives a thorough overview of current clinical and laboratory research in this growing field. The topics focus on pathophysiologic mechanisms of pain, and they fall into three general categories: myofascial pain, fibromyalgia, and other soft tissue disorders.

Book Fibromyalgia and Chronic Myofascial Pain Syndrome

Download or read book Fibromyalgia and Chronic Myofascial Pain Syndrome written by Devin J. Starlanyl and published by New Harbinger Publications. This book was released on 1996-03 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fibromyalgia and Chronic Myofascial Pain Syndrome offers the first comprehensive patient guide for managing these conditions. You'll start by learning what FMS and MPS are, evaluating your own symptoms, and identifying the tender and/or trigger points that are crucial for treating them. The manual covers chronic pain, sleep problems, and other "internal affairs", shows you how you can use your mind to counteract physical symptoms and the numbing effects of "fibrofog", and provides an extensive set of healing tools - including information on the latest medications, a nutritional program, and tips for using bodywork and other less commonly known treatments. Its comprehensive survival strategies include suggestions for coping with family and work situations, getting support, and dealing with the health care system.

Book The Fibromyalgia Advocate

Download or read book The Fibromyalgia Advocate written by Devin Starlanyl and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A resource for self-help that includes information on where and how to locate appropriate medical, legal, and financial resources.

Book Fibromyalgia   Chronic Myofascial Pain Syndrome

Download or read book Fibromyalgia Chronic Myofascial Pain Syndrome written by Devin Starlanyl and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Fibromyalgia

    Book Details:
  • Author : MD Daniel Clauw
  • Publisher : Oxford University Press
  • Release : 2010-04-26
  • ISBN : 9780199774289
  • Pages : 112 pages

Download or read book Fibromyalgia written by MD Daniel Clauw and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010-04-26 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Characterized by chronic widespread pain, fibromyalgia presents complex problems in both its diagnosis and treatment. Fibromyalgia is a fairly common condition, affecting 2-4% of the population. The condition's prevalence has increased dramatically since 1990. The condition is not new, but has been known by various names, such as fibrositis and myofascial pain syndrome until 1990, when the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) published new classification criteria and first used the name fibromyalgia. The absence of objective diagnostic testing and the overlap with other condition often leads to a significant delay in diagnosis. There is a general misconception that the condition is unresponsive to treatment. However, published research shows that diagnosing and managing fibromyalgia leads to meaningful improvement in the patient's symptons and quality of life. Patients with fibromyalgia often demonstrate symptons additional to pain and are consquently diagnosed with one or more co-occurring syndromes and conditions, complicating diagnosis and treatment. The comorbidities most commonly associated wtih fibromyalgia are sleep disturbance, depression, anxiety, and other psychiatric disorders. Another condition frequently demonstrated by fibromylgia patients is irritable bowel syndrome. Chronic fatigue syndrome also commonly co-occurs, and is often confused wtih fibromyalgia upon initial diagnosis. Numerous pharmacological therapy options exist to treat pain and related symptons of fibromyalgia. Achievement of desired treatment outcomes requires careful patient selection, drug administration and monitoring. Accurate diagnosis of chronic pain syndromes is critical, as some commonly used medications to treat many pain conditions are relatively ineffective wtih fibromyalgia. Despite increasing recognition as a relatively common cause of chronic pain, fibromyalgia continues to generate controversy among clinicians. Given the intricate and challenging nature of treating fibromyalgia and comorbid disorders, it is imperative to educate primary care providers on the initial symptons, complications, and treatment strategies for fibromyalgia, as most patients with the condition will see a primary care provider for initial diagnosis/referral, and follow-up-care. In the years since the release of the ACR criteria, increasing recognition and advances in research have provided key insights into the etiology of fibromyalgia, resulting in the use of several successful pharmacological, as well as non-pharmacological, treatment approaches. However, despite the efforts of professional medical organizations and patient care groups, awareness of the current state of clinical assessment and treatment of fibromyalgia by healthcare professionals continues to be lacking. This book is designed to provide a succint and practical guide to help primary care physicians, internists, specialists, and allied health professionals effectively diagnose and manage patients with fibromyalgia. This concise volume will provide an essential understanding of the pathophysiology of the pain, subtypes, and pitfalls in the diagnosis of this chronic condition.

Book Myofascial Trigger Points

    Book Details:
  • Author : Jan Dommerholt
  • Publisher : Jones & Bartlett Learning
  • Release : 2010-10-22
  • ISBN : 0763779741
  • Pages : 320 pages

Download or read book Myofascial Trigger Points written by Jan Dommerholt and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 2010-10-22 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines a special topic, JMMT. Emphasis is on the etiology of trigger points with a critical overview of current concepts. The contributing authors are the most respected myofascial pain research and practice experts. The authors address the etiology of trigger points, the epidemiology of myofascial pain, clinical management of patients, specific treatment issues, and the role of trigger points in various pain syndromes.