Download or read book Myocardial Implications in Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Regulated Hypertension written by Rachel Byrum and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hypertension is a prevalent and potentially deadly disease that affects approximately 116 million (47%) adults diagnosed in the U.S. as reported by the CDC in 2017. Understanding mechanisms responsible for high blood pressure, particularly, the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) may lead to better treatment options and preventative measures. The current study determines the local role of RAAS on heart muscle and evaluates the indirect Ca2+ homeostatic control of cardiac contractility during high blood pressure. The objectives are to study the expression of RAAS-mediated receptors and the membrane-bound Na/K ATPase (NKA) pump as it relates to the membrane-bound Sodium-Calcium exchanger (NCX). We assess the intracellular sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) in the ventricular myocytes for calcium reuptake since NKA in association with NCX and SERCA may play a significant role in ventricular contractility. The results show a significant decrease in the protein expression for G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), MAS1 proto-oncogene protein (MAS) for angiotensin 1-7 (Ang1-7) peptides in hypertension. Conversely, protein expression for angiotensin receptor type 1 (AT1R) was significantly higher in cardiomyocytes. While AT1R mediates the enhancement of cardiac contractility, MAS receptor mediates the metabolite of angiotensin II, through Ang1-7, and serves as the protective arm of angiotensin peptides. Further, the results show an increase in protein expression of cardiac membrane-bound NKA isoforms ([alpha]1 and [alpha]2) in the hypertensive rodents, believed to have triggered intracellular calcium ([Ca2+] i) increase via NCX system. In addition, there was a diminution in Ca2+ reuptake pump by SERCA in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of cardiomyocytes in hypertensive rodents. This could explain increased contractility of the cardiomyocytes through excitation-contraction coupling and calcium-induced calcium release (CICR) mechanisms. The study is a groundwork understanding of cardiac dysfunction during hypertension and may lead to a treatment option and/or preventative measures for sustained blood pressure.

Download or read book Renin Angiotensin System and the Heart written by Walmor C. De Mello and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-10-31 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent studies have shown that the heart possesses an intrinsic renin angiotensin system that is controlled by tissue-specific parameters that are activated by biomechanical stress. This book reviews the latest information on the way in which both the plasma and cardiac renin angiotensin systems affect heart function. It covers the cell and molecular biology of these systems, with contributions on renin synthesis, uptake and the intracellular signalling pathways. Particular insight comes from transgenic mouse models in which either mouse or human genes for various components of the renin angiotensin system are expressed. Other topics covered include wound healing as well as the trophic effects of aldosterone. Contains the most recent findings on the renin angiotensin system and the heart Written by an international team of distinguished scientists Covers both the cellular and molecular basis of the renin angiotensin system and the clinical relevance of this research

Download or read book The Local Cardiac Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System written by Edward D. Frohlich and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-09-18 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until recently, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system has been considered a systemic endocrine hormonal system exclusively. It is now known that each component of the renin-angiotensin system is produced, synthesized and indeed, present in many organisms including the heart and vessels. This volume presents the most recent clinical and laboratory experiences of the leading physicians and investigators in the field of the local cardiac renin-angiotensin aldosterone system. Cardiovascular, renal and hypertension oriented physicians, investigators and scientists would find this book of interest. Edward D. Frohlich, M.D., M.A.C.P, F.A.C.C., is the Alton Ochsner Distinguished Scientist at the Ochsner Clinic Foundation in New Orleans, Louisiana. He is also Professor of Medicine and of Physiology at Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, and Clinical Professor of Medicine and Adjunct Professor of Pharmacology at Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans. He is past Editor-in-Chief of the American Heart Association journal HYPERTENSION. Richard N. Re, M.D., is the Section Head, Hypertension at the Ochsner Clinic Foundation in New Orleans, Louisiana. He is also Ochsner's Scientific Director of Research.

Download or read book Renin Angiotensin System and Cardiovascular Disease written by Walmor C. DeMello and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-09-01 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers the latest research into the role of the renin angiotensin system on cardiac and vascular functions and in cardiovascular diseases. It covers vital aspects such as intracellular signaling and regulation of cell volume in the failing heart.

Download or read book Angiotensin II Receptor Blockade Physiological and Clinical Implications written by Naranjan S. Dhalla and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relationship between angiotensin II and hypertension was established in 1898 when angiotensin II was shown to modulate systemic blood pressure. Over the intervening decades, a complete characterization of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been achieved, and our understanding of its biochemistry and physiology has led to the directed development of agents such ·as ACE inhibitors and receptor antagonists capable of controlling hypertension. More recently, it was shown that angiotensin II is secreted within certain tissues and that these tissue-specific systems operate independently of the systemic RAS. The novel concept that angiotensin II regulates a number of cardiovascular processes that are unrelated to blood pressure has renewed the interest of both basic and clinical scientists in angiotensin II. The association between angiotensin II and cardiac growth, in particular, has indicated that therapies currently in use for hypertension may have direct application to the treatment of heart failure. The Manitoba Cardiovascular Forum on Angiotensin Receptor Blockade in Winnipeg was convened October 18-20, 1996 to examine the clinical and basic aspects of angiotensin receptor biology as they apply to hypertension and heart failure. In addition, the potential treatment of these conditions using specific angio tensin receptor antagonists was addressed within the context of their immediate therapeutic application and future potential.

Download or read book New Aspects of the Renin Angiotensin System in Cardiovascular and Renal Diseases written by Dulce Elena Casarini and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2016-11-03 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a hormonal system that is responsible for regulating plasma sodium ion concentration and arterial blood pressure in the body. The system involves several peptides such as angiotensin I and II as well as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) to enable the constriction of arterial blood vessels in the lung. Angiotensin II also stimulates the production of the hormone aldosterone in the kidneys which brings sodium ions into the bloodstream in exchange for potassium ions. Malfunctions of the RAS can lead to hypertension, heart failure, diabetes and renal complications. Thus the biochemical components of this system serve as important targets for therapeutic drugs. This monograph is a compilation of updated reviews on the RAS. The monograph covers describes the components of the system to explaining its physiological and clinical features in the cardiovascular system and the kidneys. This is followed by sections explaining the biochemistry of the RAS system in cardiovascular and renal disease and the pharmacology of relevant therapeutic drugs. Additional information on the effect of exercise states and methods to quantify angiotensins for molecular diagnosis is also presented in the concluding sections. Information in the monograph will be of interest to physiologists and endocrinologists involved in medical studies or clinical practice. Readers will be able to understand the RAS with a holistic frame of reference.

Download or read book The Protective Arm of the Renin Angiotensin System RAS written by Thomas Unger and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-04-18 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Protective Arm of the Renin Angiotensin System: Functional Aspects and Therapeutic Implications is the first comprehensive publication to signal the protective role of a distinct part of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), providing readers with early insight into a complex system which will become of major medical importance in the near future. Focusing on recent research, The Protective Arm of the Renin Angiotensin System presents a host of new experimental studies on specific components of the RAS, namely angiotensin AT2 receptors (AT2R), the angiotensin (1–7) peptide with its receptor Mas, and the enzyme ACE 2, which exert significant beneficial, health-promoting actions by counterbalancing the well-known harmful arm of the RAS with its classical angiotensin AT1 receptor. This innovative concept of the protective arm of the RAS, examined in this reference, represents an indispensable background and will be a strong support for biomedical students, researchers, cardiologists, surgeons, nephrologists, diabetologists, and endocrinologists, as well as any other physician or researcher concerned with RAS physiology, pathophysiology and clinical implications. Provides a complete understanding of the protective side of the Renin Angiotensin System (RAS) involving angiotensin AT2 receptor, ACE2, and Ang(1-7)/Mas receptor Combines the knowledge of editors who pioneered research on the protective renin angiotensin system including; Dr. Thomas Unger, one of the founders of AT2 receptor research; Dr. Ulrike M. Steckelings, who contributed significantly to first preclinical studies with a novel specific AT2-agonist, and Dr. Robson Santos who pioneered research on angiotensin-(1-7) and its receptor Mas. Shows that the protective RAS axes are able to ameliorate the course of several cardiovascular, renal, metabolic and neurological diseases Provides the basis for the understanding of a novel therapeutic approach to stimulate components of the protective arm of the RAS.

Download or read book Aldosterone Mineralocorticoid Receptor written by Brian Harvey and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-09-25 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an open access dissemination of the EU COST Action ADMIRE in Aldosterone/Mineralocorticoid Receptor (MR) physiology and pathophysiology. Aldosterone is the major hormone regulating blood pressure. Alterations in blood levels of aldosterone and genetic mutations in the MR receptor are major causes of hypertension and comorbidities. Many of the drugs in clinical use, and in development for treating hypertension, target aldosterone and MR actions in the kidney and cardiovascular system. The ADMIRE book assembles review chapters from 16 European ADMIRE laboratories providing the latest insights into mechanisms of aldosterone synthesis/secretion, aldosterone/MR physiology and signaling, and the pathophysiological roles of aldosterone/MR activation.

Download or read book Angiotensin and Blood Pressure Regulation written by Joseph Harding and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Angiotensin and Blood Pressure Regulation examines the role of angiotensin in blood pressure regulation, with emphasis on its ability to influence the inotropic state directly via activation of myocardial receptors and indirectly by potentiating the release of catecholamines from sympathetic nerve terminals. The book also explains how angiotensin acts directly to regulate thirst and sodium appetite, and via antidiuretic hormone to control water reabsorption in the kidney. This book is comprised of eight chapters and begins with a review of the neuronal actions of angiotensin, primarily those in the brain, as well as the location and function of brain angiotensin II receptors. The effects of angiotensin on elements of the vascular wall and myocardium are also discussed, along with its function in hypovolemia, reproduction, and neurotransmission. Subsequent chapters explore some basic and functional considerations of the renin-angiotensin system in the brain; the biochemical processing that is required for angiotensin activation and inactivation; how angiotensin affects peripheral resistance; and the potency of angiotensin III as a pressor and dipsogenic agent in normotensive and hypertensive animal models. This monograph will be a useful resource for pharmacologists and physiologists.

Download or read book Angiotensin and the Heart written by Gerd Heusch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last decade, ACE inhibitors have become a cornerstone of cardiovascular drug therapy. Beneficial effects in patients with hypertension, heart failure, and post myocardial infarction have been established in large clinical trials. In parallel, ex perimental research has shifted the interest from the immediate homeostatic function of the circulating renin-angiotensin-system to the multiple paracrine functions of local tissue renin-angiotensin-systems, including hypertrophy, hyperplasia, athe- oenesis, and vasomotion. . It was the aim or a symposium held in Hamburg, October 22-24, 1992, to bring together an international panel of experimental and clinical scientists and to discuss the most recent findings on the role of angiotensin and associated mediators in car diovascular adaptation and disease, with a particular emphasis on the treatment of such disease by ACE inhibitors. The meeting and this publication were generously supported by Astra Chemicals. H. Grobecker G. Heusch B.E. Strauer Contents Foreword. ... ... V Introduction Local expression and pathophysiological role of renin-angiotensin in the blood vessels and heart Dzau, V.J. ... ... 1 Myocardial Perfusion Angiotensin, ACE-inhibitors and endothelial control of vasomotor tone Luscher, T.F. ... ... 15 Local and neurohumoral control of coronary blood flow Krajcar, M., G. Heusch. ... 25 ACE-inhibitors in coronary artery disease? Vogt, M., W. Matz, B.E. Strauer ... 43 Myocardial Hypertrophy Molecular mechanisms of cardiac gene expression Nadal-Ginard, B., V. Mahdavi ... 65 Myocardial perfusion dependent and independent mechanisms of regional myocardial dysfunction in hypertrophy Vatner, S.F., L. Hittinger ...

Download or read book A Time for Metabolism and Hormones written by Paolo Sassone-Corsi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-04 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent years have seen spectacular advances in the field of circadian biology. These have attracted the interest of researchers in many fields, including endocrinology, neurosciences, cancer, and behavior. By integrating a circadian view within the fields of endocrinology and metabolism, researchers will be able to reveal many, yet-unsuspected aspects of how organisms cope with changes in the environment and subsequent control of homeostasis. This field is opening new avenues in our understanding of metabolism and endocrinology. A panel of the most distinguished investigators in the field gathered together to discuss the present state and the future of the field. The editors trust that this volume will be of use to those colleagues who will be picking up the challenge to unravel how the circadian clock can be targeted for the future development of specific pharmacological strategies toward a number of pathologies.

Download or read book From Hypertension to Heart Failure written by Michael Böhm and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arterial hypertension, coronary heart disease and heart fail ure are the commonest cardiovascular conditions to present in clinical practice. Over the past few years it has become in creasingly clear that they are closely and causally interrelated and that their relationship can have a significant bearing on prognosis. Epidemiological studies have shown that arterial hypertension is one of the most important risk factors for de veloping heart failure. Only one in four patients with hyper tension is adequately managed, and in 50% of cases, the hypertension has not been recognised or treated. Patients with pre-existing hypertension who go on to suffer an acute myocardial infarction have usually not previously had typi cal angina symptoms, the infarct territory is larger, life threatening arrhythmias are commoner and hence in-hospi tal mortality and long-term prognosis are markedly worse. The presence of raised blood pressure in the post-infarct phase doubles the risk of manifest heart failure. The close relationship between hypertension, coronary heart disease and heart failure makes the choice of therapeu tic strategy particularly important. Agents and classes of agents that have prognostic value in all three conditions should be considered first, as synergy might result in addi tional benefits. In such patients, this sort of therapeutic deci sion-making might have further advantages. The use of these agents may prevent complications which are not yet clinically obvious (such as heart failure).

Download or read book Textbook of Nephro Endocrinology written by Ajay K. Singh and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-01-12 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Textbook of Nephro-Endocrinology is the definitive translational reference in the field of nephro-endocrinology, investigating both the endocrine functions of the kidneys and how the kidney acts as a target for hormones from other organ systems. It offers researchers and clinicians expert, gold-standard analyses of nephro-endocrine research and translation into the treatment of diseases such as anemia, chronic kidney disease (CKD), rickets, osteoporosis, and, hypoparathyroidism. Investigates both the endocrine functions of the kidneys and how the kidney acts as a target for hormones from other organ systems Presents a uniquely comprehensive and cross-disciplinary look at all aspects of nephro-endocrine disorders in one reference work Clear translational presentations by the top endocrinologists and nephrologists in each specific hormone or functional/systems field

Download or read book Diabetes and Hypertension written by Samy I. McFarlane and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-19 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diabetes and hypertension have evolved as two of the modern day epidemics affecting millions of people around the world. These two common co-morbidities lead to substantial increase in cardiovascular disease, the major cause of morbidity and mortality of adults around the world. In Diabetes and Hypertension: Evaluation and Management, a panel of renowned experts address a range of critical topics -- from basic concepts in evaluation and management of diabetes and hypertension, such as dietary interventions, to evaluation and management of secondary hypertension in clinical practice. Other chapters focus on high cardiovascular risk populations such as those with coronary heart disease, chronic kidney disease and minority patients. In addition, evolving concepts and new developments in the field are presented in other chapters, such as prevention of type 2 diabetes and the epidemic of sleep apnea and its implication for diabetes and hypertension evaluation and management. An important title covering two of the most troubling disorders of our time, Diabetes and Hypertension: Evaluation and Management will provide the busy practitioner with cutting edge knowledge in the field as well as practical information that can translate into better care provided to the high-risk population of diabetics and hypertensive patients.

Download or read book Textbook of Vascular Medicine written by Rhian M. Touyz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-02 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook focuses on the vascular biology and physiology that underlie vascular disorders in clinical medicine. Vascular biomedicine is a rapidly growing field as new molecular mechanisms of vascular health and disease are unraveled. Many of the major cardiovascular diseases including coronary artery disease, heart failure, stroke and vascular dementia are diseases of the vasculature. In addition vascular injury underpins conditions like kidney failure and cardiovascular complications of diabetes. This field is truly multidisciplinary involving scientists in many domains such as molecular and vascular biology, cardiovascular physiology and pharmacology and immunology and inflammation. Clinically, specialists across multiple disciplines are involved in the management of patients with vascular disorders, including cardiologists, nephrologists, endocrinologists, neurologists and vascular surgeons. This book covers a wide range of topics and provides an overview of the discipline of vascular biomedicine without aiming at in-depth reviews, but rather offering up-to-date knowledge organized in concise and structured chapters, with key points and pertinent references. The structure of the content provides an integrative and translational approach from basic science (e.g. stem cells) to clinical medicine (e.g. cardiovascular disease). The content of this book is targeted to those who are new in the field of vascular biology and vascular medicine and is ideal for medical students, graduate and postgraduate students, clinical fellows and academic clinicians with an interest in the vascular biology and physiology of cardiovascular disease and related pathologies.

Download or read book Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System written by Samy I. McFarlane and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-11-24 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System (RAAS) plays an important role not only in salt and water homeostasis but also in the cardiovascular system, the kidney, and the brain. While several volumes address different aspects of the RAAS function, this book provides cutting-edge information on the pathogenesis of various disorders related to RAAS overactivation. It also presents unique aspects of RAAS functioning that have not been sufficiently described in the literature. Topics covered include assessment of hypoaldosteronism in infancy, RASS and cognitive decline, and the role of RAAS in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Written by experts in the field in an easy-to-follow and illustrated format, this volume will benefit students and practitioners, as well as clinical and basic science investigators alike.

Download or read book The Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System written by Sean E. Thatcher and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2017-05-13 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume discusses protocols that aid in measuring different components in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). The book also looks at the methods used to assess angiotensin peptides and discerning the influence of RAAS components on different mammalian diseases. The chapters cover topics such as the use of fluorescent substrate to measure ACE2 activity in the mouse abdominal aorta, blood pressure monitoring using the radio telemetry method, and the analysis of angiotensin metabolism in the kidney using mass spectrometry. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting edge and comprehensive, The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Systems: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource that provides scientists and researchers with the best approaches to examine RAAS.