Download or read book Multivariate Analysis Applied to the Characterization of Spent Nuclear Fuel written by Kenneth Joseph Dayman and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Multi-Isotope Process Monitor is being developed at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory as a method to verify the process conditions within a nuclear fuel reprocessing facility using the gamma spectra of various process streams. The technique uses multivariate analysis techniques such as principal component analysis and partial least squares regression applied to gamma spectra collected of a process stream in order to classify the contents as belonging to a normal versus off-normal chemistry process. This approach to process monitoring is designed to function automatically, nondestructively, and in near real-time. To extend the Multi-Isotope Process Monitor, an analysis method to characterize spent nuclear fuel based on the reactor of origin, either pressurized or boiling water reactor, and burnup of the fuel using nuclide concentrations as input data has been developed. While the Multi-Isotope Process Monitor uses gamma spectra as input data, nuclide activities were used in this work as an initial step before Nuclide composition information was generated using ORIGEN-ARP for different fuel assembly types, initial 235U enrichments, burnup values, and cooling times. This data was used to train, tune, and test several multivariate analysis algorithms in order to compare their performance and identify the technique most suited for the analysis. To perform the classification based on reactor type, four methods were considered: k-nearest neighbors, linear and quadratic discriminant analysis, and support vector machines. Each method was optimized, and its performance on a validation set was used to determine the best method for classifying the fuel reactor class. Partial least squares was used to make burnup predictions. Three models were generated and tested: one trained on all the data, one trained for just pressurized water reactors, and one trained for boiling water reactors. Quadratic discriminant analysis was chosen as the best classifier of reactor class because of its simplicity and its potential to be extended to classify spent nuclear fuel's fuel assembly type, i.e, more specific classes, using nuclide concentrations as input data. In the case of predicting the burnup of spent fuel using partial least squares, it was determined that making reactor-specific partial least squares models, one trained for pressurized water reactors and one trained for boiling water reactors, performed better than a single, general model that was trained for all light water reactors. Thus, the the classifier, regression algorithm, and all the necessary intermediate data processing steps were combined into a single analysis method and implemented as a Matlab function called "burnup." This function was used to test the analysis routine on an additional set of data generated in ORIGEN-ARP. This dataset included samples with parameters that were not represented in the development data in order to ascertain the analysis method's ability to analyze data for which it has not been explicitly trained. The algorithm was able to achieve perfect binary classification of the reactor as being a pressurized or boiling water reactor on the dataset and made burnup predictions with an average error of 0.0297%.

Download or read book Automated Characterization of Spent Fuel Through the Multi Isotope Process MIP Monitor written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research developed an algorithm for characterizing spent nuclear fuel (SNF) samples based on simulated gamma spectra. The gamma spectra for a variety of light water reactor fuels typical of those found in the United States were simulated. Fuel nuclide concentrations were simulated in ORIGEN-ARP for 1296 fuel samples with a variety of reactor designs, initial enrichments, burn ups, and cooling times. The results of the ORIGEN-ARP simulation were then input to SYNTH to simulate the gamma spectrum for each sample. These spectra were evaluated with partial least squares (PLS)-based multivariate analysis methods to characterize the fuel according to reactor type (pressurized or boiling water reactor), enrichment, burn up, and cooling time. Characterizing some of the features in series by using previously estimated features in the prediction greatly improves the performance. By first classifying the spent fuel reactor type and then using type-specific models, the prediction error for enrichment, burn up, and cooling time improved by a factor of two to four. For some features, the prediction was further improved by including additional information, such as including the predicted burn up in the estimation of cooling time. The optimal prediction flow was determined based on the simulated data. A PLS discriminate analysis model was developed which perfectly classified SNF reactor type. Burn up was predicted within 0.1% root mean squared percent error (RMSPE) and both cooling time and initial enrichment within approximately 2% RMSPE.

Download or read book Characterization of Nuclear Fuel Using Multivariate Statistical Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various combinations of reactor type and fuel composition have been characterized using principle components analysis (PCA) of the concentrations of 9 U and Pu isotopes in the 10 fuel as a function of burnup. The use of PCA allows the reduction of the 9-dimensional data (isotopic concentrations) into a 3-dimensional approximation, giving a visual representation of the changes in nuclear fuel composition with burnup. Real-world variation in the concentrations of 234U and 236U in the fresh (unirradiated) fuel was accounted for. The effects of reprocessing were also simulated. The results suggest that, 15 even after reprocessing, Pu isotopes can be used to determine both the type of reactor and the initial fuel composition with good discrimination. Finally, partial least squares discriminant analysis (PSLDA) was investigated as a substitute for PCA. Our results suggest that PLSDA is a better tool for this application where separation between known classes is most important.

Download or read book K Basin Spent Nuclear Fuel Characterization Data Report written by John Abrefah and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluation of Experimental and Calculational Methods for Characterization of Spent Nuclear Fuel written by Chris K. Wang and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Standard Guide for Characterization of Spent Nuclear Fuel in Support of Interim Storage Transportation and Geologic Repository Disposal written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Standard Guide for Characterization of Spent Nuclear Fuel in Support of Geologic Repository Disposal written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Spent Nuclear Fuels Project Characterization Data Quality Objectives Strategy written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Feasibility of Classic Multiplicity Analysis Applied to Spent Nuclear Fuel Assemblies written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Encapsulation of Spent Nuclear Fuel safety Analysis written by Erik Söderman and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Applied Multivariate Statistical Analysis written by Wolfgang Karl Härdle and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis written by Michael F. L'Annunziata and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-03-03 with total page 1110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Radioactivity Analysis: Radiation Physics and Detectors, Volume One, and Radioanalytical Applications, Volume Two, Fourth Edition, is an authoritative reference on the principles, practical techniques and procedures for the accurate measurement of radioactivity - everything from the very low levels encountered in the environment, to higher levels measured in radioisotope research, clinical laboratories, biological sciences, radionuclide standardization, nuclear medicine, nuclear power, and fuel cycle facilities, and in the implementation of nuclear forensic analysis and nuclear safeguards. It includes sample preparation techniques for all types of matrices found in the environment, including soil, water, air, plant matter and animal tissue, and surface swipes.Users will find a detailed discussion of our current understanding of the atomic nucleus, nuclear stability and decay, nuclear radiation, and the interaction of radiation with matter relating to the best methods for radionuclide detection and measurement. - Spans two volumes, Radiation Physics and Detectors and Radioanalytical Applications - Includes a much-expanded treatment of calculations required in the measurement of radionuclide decay, energy of decay, nuclear reactions, radiation attenuation, nuclear recoil, cosmic radiation, and synchrotron radiation - Includes the latest advances in liquid and solid scintillation analysis, alpha- and gamma spectrometry, mass spectrometric analysis, gas ionization and nuclear track analysis, and neutron detection and measurement - Covers high-sample-throughput microplate techniques and multi-detector assay methods

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Statistical Methods for Nuclear Material Management written by W. Michael Bowen and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Future of Nuclear Fuel Cycle written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "In this analysis we have presented a method that provides insight into future fuel cycle alternatives by clarifying the complexity of choosing an appropriate fuel cycle in the context of the distribution of burdens and benefits between generations. The current nuclear power deployment practices, together with three future fuel cycles were assessed."--Page 227.

Download or read book 21st European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering written by E. N. Pistikopoulos and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-07-21 with total page 2087 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering (ESCAPE) series presents the latest innovations and achievements of leading professionals from the industrial and academic communities. The ESCAPE series serves as a forum for engineers, scientists, researchers, managers and students to present and discuss progress being made in the area of computer aided process engineering (CAPE). European industries large and small are bringing innovations into our lives, whether in the form of new technologies to address environmental problems, new products to make our homes more comfortable and energy efficient or new therapies to improve the health and well being of European citizens. Moreover, the European Industry needs to undertake research and technological initiatives in response to humanity's "Grand Challenges," described in the declaration of Lund, namely, Global Warming, Tightening Supplies of Energy, Water and Food, Ageing Societies, Public Health, Pandemics and Security. Thus, the Technical Theme of ESCAPE 21 will be "Process Systems Approaches for Addressing Grand Challenges in Energy, Environment, Health, Bioprocessing & Nanotechnologies."

Download or read book Analytical Characterization Methods for Crude Oil and Related Products written by Ashutosh K. Shukla and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-01-09 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basic theory, applications, and recent trends in analytical techniques used in crude oil and related products analysis This book covers the application of different spectroscopic methods to characterize crude oil and related products. Its topics are presented in a pedagogical manner so that those new to the subject can better understand the content. The book begins by familiarizing the reader with the rheological characterization of crude oil and related products. Subsequent chapters are directed towards the current trends of different spectroscopic methods for the characterization of crude oil. Analytical Characterization Methods for Crude Oil and Related Products features chapters on: optical interrogation of petroleum asphaltenes (myths and reality); ESR characterization of organic free radicals in petroleum products; high-field, pulsed, and double resonance studies of crude oils and their derivatives; NMR spectroscopy in bitumen characterization; applications of Raman spectroscopy in crude oil and bitumen characterization; and more. Uses a bottom-up approach—starting from the basic theory of the technique followed by its applications and recent trends in crude oil analysis Includes informative content so as to take a technician to the level of using a particular analytical method Covers relevany information so as to enable a manager in the industry to make purchasing decisions Analytical Characterization Methods for Crude Oil and Related Products is aimed at researchers in academia as well as technicians and developers of new analytical methods in the oil industry and related areas. It will also be of interest to professionals, scientists, and graduate students in analytical sciences dealing with oil and environmental analysis.