Download or read book Multisensory Control of Standing Posture written by Kelvin Shigeyuki Oie and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Multisensory Control of Posture written by F. Hlavacka and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 613 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From recent developments in the rapidly growing area of neuroscience it has become increasingly clear that a simplistic description of brain function as a broad collection of simple input-output relations is quite inadequate. Introspection already tells us that our motor behavior is guided by a complex interplay between many inputs from the outside world and from our internal "milieu," internal models of ourselves and the outside world, memory content, directed attention, volition, and so forth. Also, our motor activity normally involves more than a circumscribed group of muscles, even if we intend to move only one effector organ. For example, a reaching movement or a reorientation of a sensory organ almost invariably requires a pattern of preparatory or assisting activities in other parts of the body, like the ones that maintain the body's equilibrium. The present volume is a summary of the papers presented at the symposium "Sensory Interaction in Posture and Movement Control" that was held at Smolenice Castle near Bratislava, Slovakia, as a Satellite Symposium to the ENA Meeting 1994 in Vienna. The focus of this meeting was not only restricted to the "classical" sensory interactions such as between vestibular and visual signals, or between otolith and semicircular canal inputs. Rather, the symposium tried to consider also the interplay between perception and action, between reflexive and volitional motor acts as well as between sensory driven or self-initi ated motor acts and reafferent inputs.

Download or read book ISPG 97 Multisensory control of posture and gait written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Vestibular Compensation Multisensory Control of Posture and Neuronal Plasticity written by David William Jensen and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Postural Control During Multi directional Perturbations to the Arm in Standing Humans written by Ali Reza Forghani Esfahani and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Humans constantly interact physically with the world around them using their hands to manipulate objects and loads while standing. These interactions involve forces to the arm that not only disturb the focal task but can also destabilize balance. The present study provided a comprehensive investigation of the postural response to arm perturbations under a range of realistic conditions. Standing subjects held the handle of a joystick-type robot which was programmed to apply multi-directional force perturbations unilaterally to the right hand within the horizontal plane. Electromyographic, kinematic, and kinetic signals were recorded. In response to unpredictable perturbations, postural muscles were activated at latencies as short as 50-110 ms that suggest the response must be automatic. The amplitude of the feedback automatic postural responses (APRs) was highly tuned to the perturbation direction and systematically increased with the intensity of the perturbation, i.e. it was a function the peripheral sensory input. The activation of the lower limb muscles was not the result of local stretch reflexes and occurred even before the upright posture was significantly displaced. The cutaneous afferents of the palm of the perturbed hand are proposed as the primary sensors involved in encoding the perturbation and the genesis of the initial response in the caudal muscles. Lowering lateral stability by decreasing the stance width significantly increased displacement amplitude of the center-of-mass (COM) and the activity of the caudal muscles, but the hand kinematics and the activity of the arm muscles were invariant. Therefore, the processes involved in controlling the hand position and stabilizing balance in response to a transient perturbation may be independent. Increasing the stiffness of the arm, achieved by extending the elbow joint, significantly increased hand stability and propagation of the perturbations to the body, but it did not significantly influence the COM kinematics, likely because the variation of the arm mechanics was negligible compared to the overall dynamics of the body. Moreover, neither the activity of ankle muscles nor the associated center-of-pressure displacement was influenced by the elbow angle, suggesting that the ankle muscle activity primarily functioned to stabilize balance rather than to reposition the hand.When perturbations were predictable, anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) were initiated 50-150 ms prior to the perturbation onset. APAs were tuned to both direction and amplitude of the predicted perturbation such that APAs generally functioned to accelerate the COM in the direction opposite to the forthcoming disturbance. The amplitude of APRs was also larger when perturbations were predictable, suggesting feedforward regulation of the response gain. The modulation of APRs with predictability could be partially explained by greater baseline activation of muscles due to APAs when the perturbation was predictable. The displacement produced by the postural disturbance significantly decreased in all directions when perturbations were predictable. In particular, the COM displacement was tightly regulated in the anteroposterior direction such that its displacement amplitude was relatively small and did not increase with the magnitude of the perturbation. Pathways similar to those of propriospinally mediated inter-limb reflexes demonstrated in the cat spinal cord which could originate from the cutaneous receptors of the palm of the perturbed arm might be responsible for genesis of the response in the lower limb muscles when the upper limb is perturbed." --

Download or read book Anticipatory Postural Control Strategies for Multi joint Goal Directed Movements in Standing Man written by Julia A. Leonard and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Contribution of Postural Adjustments to Body Balance and Motor Performance written by Eric Yiou and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-02-08 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The control of balance by the central nervous system is crucial to maintain our posture and perform efficiently our daily motor tasks. This control requires the development of dynamical phenomena sub-served by highly-coordinated patterns of muscle activation/deactivation disseminated throughout the whole-body and called “postural adjustments”. Establishing the interaction between balance control, locomotion and cognition has important clinical implication, especially in term of falls prevention, and will improve our knowledge on the underlying neural correlates. This Research Topic provides an up-to-date picture of the relationship between postural adjustments, body balance and motor performance in healthy (young and older adults) and pathological participants. It includes 36 contributions (1 editorial, 28 original articles, 4 reviews and 3 methods articles) which are separated into four sections: 1. Postural maintenance and multisensory integration, 2. Anticipatory postural adjustments associated with voluntary movement, 3. Postural adjustments associated with predictable and unpredictable external perturbation, 4. Gait assessment and rehabilitation in aging. Beside their basic interest of unveiling the mechanisms behind motor control, results from the investigations of this topic are relevant to develop new methods or tools to improve postural stability and motor performance, with applications in the fields of neurodegenerative conditions, rehabilitation, ergonomics and sports sciences.

Download or read book Balance Dysfunction in Parkinson s Disease written by Martina Mancini and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-09-14 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Balance Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease: Basic Mechanisms to Clinical Management presents the most updated information on a variety of topics. Sections help clinicians evaluate the types of balance control issues, dynamic balance dysfunction during turning, and the effects of medication, deep brain stimulation, and rehabilitation intervention on balance control. This book is the first to review the four main postural control systems and how they are affected, including balance during quiet stance, reactive postural adjustments to external perturbations, anticipatory postural adjustments in preparation for voluntary movements, and dynamic balance control during walking and turning. In addition, the book's authors summarize the effects of levodopa, deep brain stimulation, and rehabilitation intervention for each balance domain. This book is recommended for anyone interested in how and why balance control is affected by PD. Provides the first comprehensive review of research to date on balance dysfunctions in Parkinson's disease Discusses how to translate current neuroscience research into practice regarding neural control of balance Provides evidence on the effects of current interventions on balance control

Download or read book Multisensory Posture Control in Hip and Ankle Joints written by Georg Hettich and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Current State of Postural Research Moving Beyond the Balance Platform written by Emily Keshner and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-02-05 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of posture control has morphed over the past century from a reflex, hierarchically controlled, innate behavior to a complex and adaptable motor act highly influenced by cognitive processes as well as confidence and attentiveness of the performer. In addition, multisensory control of posture has been recognized as a process of fusion and integration rather than summation and inhibition. Advances in computational modeling and imaging have revealed that higher cortical centers are involved in production of what were previously believed to be stereotypical, triggered reactions. Emerging evidence now supports the idea that postural behaviors are regulated by distributed control in the neuraxis and shaped by dynamic interactions of sensorimotor processes in a task- and context-dependent manner.

Download or read book Anticipatory Postural Control Strategies for Multi joint Goal Directed Movements in Standing Man written by Julia A. Leonard and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Multi joint Coordination Underlies Upright Postural Control written by Wei-Li Hsu and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation sought to understand whether the potential flexibility provided by a redundant motor system is actually used to control upright posture and to understand the role of that motor redundancy in facilitating the performance of multiple tasks concurrently while standing. The method used to address this question, the uncontrolled manifold (UCM) approach, provided a means to determine how the positional stability of the whole body, measured via variability of the COM, is stabilized by coordination of the redundant joints of the body. The first study of this dissertation tested the hypotheses that all major joints along the body's longitudinal axis are equally active during quiet standing and that their motions are coordinated to stabilize the spatial positions of the COM and head. The main results of the experiment designed to address this question showed that many joints along the body's longitudinal axis had greater moment-to-moment variability than did the ankle or hip joints (Hsu et al. Journal of Neurophysiology, 97(4):3024-35, 2007, which are presumed in inverted pendulum models to account for most of postural sway. Moreover, the variance of all examined joints was structured largely to stabilize upright posture during quiet standing, indicating that the COM was an important control variable for upright postural stability. That is, overall variance of joint motion which did not affect COM position was substantially and significantly higher than variability of joint motion leading to COM position variability. Moreover, elimination of visual information led to greater joint motion variance which had little effect on the COM position. Instead, the increased variance reflected the use of an ensemble of joint coordination patterns that stabilized the COM position. The purpose of the second study was to investigate whether and how the available motor redundancy is utilized when additional tasks are performed concurrently. Subjects executed a targeting task alone or in combination with an additional ball-balancing task while standing. The results of UCM analysis of joint variance revealed that the joints were coordinated such that their combined variance had minimal effect on the COM position. The component of joint variance that had no effect on the COM position increased selectively when the task was made more difficult by adding an additional ball-balancing task and when performing the targeting task to a smaller sized target. Similar results were observed when examining joint variance with respect to control of the hand path. The second study provided evidence to support the hypothesis that a major advantage of a neural control scheme which takes advantage of motor redundancy is to allow performance of multiple tasks simultaneously without any one task unduly interfering with another. The third study attempted to investigate this hypothesis further by examining the effect of artificially eliminating knee and lumbar-thoracic joint motions on postural control when the arms performed targeting tasks concurrently in standing. Subjects performed a targeting task alone or in combination with an additional ball-balancing task while standing with free joint motions (unconstrained condition) and with restricted joint motions (constrained condition). The results of UCM analysis again revealed that the joints were coordinated such that their combined variance had a minimal effect on the stability of the COM position. However, the component of joint variance reflecting the use of motor abundance decreased significantly when subjects performed the combined task with their joint motions constrained. Moreover, the component of joint variance that leads to COM variability tended to increase with a reduction in joint DOFs. Similar results were observed when examining control of the hand's path. Therefore, the results are generally consistent with those of the previous study indicating that reducing the number of DOFs available to stabilize the COM results in greater difficulty coordinating the joints to stabilize the COM when multiple tasks must be performed simultaneously. This dissertation improves our understanding of multi-DOF coordination of postural control. This knowledge provides a basis for developing improved tools for evaluation and treatment of patients with sensorimotor deficits leading to balance disorders and many provide important insights for the development of new training procedures to help reduce the risk of falls in the elderly, suggesting that the development of training programs that help patients explore the use of motor redundancy may help improve their postural stability. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

Download or read book Neuromechanics and Control of Physical Behavior from Experimental and Computational Formulations to Bio inspired Technologies written by Massimo Sartori and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-08-15 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The term "neuromechanics" defines an integrative approach that combines the neuromuscular control and the biomechanical aspects of physical behavior in humans and animals. Crucial to this approach is a detailed description and modeling of the interaction between the nervous system and the controlled biomechanical plant. Only then do we have the broader context within which to understand evolution, movement mechanics, neural control, energetics, disability and rehabilitation. In addition to enabling new basic science directions, understanding the interrelations between movement neural and mechanical function should also be leveraged for the development of personalized wearable technologies to augment or restore the motor capabilities of healthy or impaired individuals. Similarly, this understanding will empower us to revisit current approaches to the design and control of robotic and humanoid systems to produce truly versatile human-like physical behavior and adaptation in real-world environments. This Research Topic is therefore poised at an opportune moment to promote understanding of apparently disparate topics into a coherent focus.

Download or read book Locomotion and Posture in Older Adults written by Fabio Augusto Barbieri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-07 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an attempt to advance the discussion and improve our understanding about the effects of aging and movement disorders on motor control during walking and postural tasks. Despite these activities are performed daily, there is a high requirement of motor and neural systems in order to perform both tasks efficiently. Both walking and posture require a complex interaction of musculoskeletal and neural systems. However, the mechanisms used to control these tasks, as well as how they are planned and coordinated, are still a question of discussion among health professionals and researchers. In addition, this discussion is more interesting when the effects of aging are included in the context of locomotion and the postural control. The number of older individuals is 841 million in 2015, which is four times higher than the 202 million that lived in 1950. Aging causes many motor, sensorial and neural deficits, which impair locomotion and postural control in the elderly. The severity of this framework is worsened when the aging goes along with a movement disorder, such as Parkinson disease, Chorea, Dystonia, Huntington disease, etc. Therefore, the aim of this book is to highlight the influence of different aspects on planning, controlling and performing locomotion and posture tasks. In attempting to improve current knowledge in this field, invited authors present and discuss how environmental, sensorial, motor, cognitive and individual aspects influence the planning and performance of locomotor and postural activities. The major thrust of the book is to address the mechanisms involved in controlling and planning motor action in neurological healthy individuals, as well as in those who suffer from movement disorders or face the effects of aging, indicating the aspects that impair locomotion and postural control. In addition, new technologies, tools and interventions designed to manage the effects of aging and movement disorders are presented in the book.

Download or read book The Effect of a Three week Multisensory Training Program for Postural Sway Control written by Ai Choo Lee and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Posture written by Adrienne M. Wright and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Standing is the static posture most commonly evaluated in balance assessments. This is because of its ubiquitous nature and because the act of precariously balancing two thirds of our body mass some distance from the ground imposes critical demands on the postural control system. In this book, the authors present topical research in the study of posture, including the changes with ageing and exercise of postural control; the influence of sport training on sagittal spinal curvatures; mathematical models, their biofidelity and applications in human standing posture; the relationship between muscle-tendon unit stiffness, joint stability and posture and H-reflex assessment in understanding motor functions in postural control.

Download or read book Clinical Disorders of Balance Posture and Gait 2Ed written by Adolfo Bronstein and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-03-29 with total page 479 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The diagnosis and treatment of the patient with critically impaired walking abilities present the busy physician with a formidable challenge. This book provides a comprehensive account of the various balance, posture and gait disorders, and of the methods for Their effective Read More ...management. The text is divided into five sections dealing wi