Download or read book Multisensory Control of Posture written by F. Hlavacka and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 613 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From recent developments in the rapidly growing area of neuroscience it has become increasingly clear that a simplistic description of brain function as a broad collection of simple input-output relations is quite inadequate. Introspection already tells us that our motor behavior is guided by a complex interplay between many inputs from the outside world and from our internal "milieu," internal models of ourselves and the outside world, memory content, directed attention, volition, and so forth. Also, our motor activity normally involves more than a circumscribed group of muscles, even if we intend to move only one effector organ. For example, a reaching movement or a reorientation of a sensory organ almost invariably requires a pattern of preparatory or assisting activities in other parts of the body, like the ones that maintain the body's equilibrium. The present volume is a summary of the papers presented at the symposium "Sensory Interaction in Posture and Movement Control" that was held at Smolenice Castle near Bratislava, Slovakia, as a Satellite Symposium to the ENA Meeting 1994 in Vienna. The focus of this meeting was not only restricted to the "classical" sensory interactions such as between vestibular and visual signals, or between otolith and semicircular canal inputs. Rather, the symposium tried to consider also the interplay between perception and action, between reflexive and volitional motor acts as well as between sensory driven or self-initi ated motor acts and reafferent inputs.

Download or read book Multisensory Control of Standing Posture written by Kelvin Shigeyuki Oie and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book ISPG 97 Multisensory control of posture and gait written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Vestibular Compensation Multisensory Control of Posture and Neuronal Plasticity written by David William Jensen and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Sensorimotor Control of Movement and Posture written by Simon C. Gandevia and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of contributions on the subject of the neural mechanisms of sensorimotor control resulted from a conference held in Cairns, Australia, September 3-6, 2001. While the three of us were attending the International Union of Physiological Sciences (IUPS) Congress in St Petersburg, Russia, in 1997, we discussed the implications of the next Congress being awarded to New Zealand. We agreed to organise a satellite to this congress in an area of mutual interest -the neuroscience of movement and sensation. Australia has a long-standing and enviable reputation in the field of neural mechanisms of sensorimotor control. Arguably this reached its peak with the award of a Nobel Prize to Sir John Eccles in 1963 for his work on synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. Since that time, the subject of neuroscience has progressed considerably. One advance is the exploitation of knowledge acquired from animal experiments to studies on conscious human subjects. In this development, Australians have achieved international prominence, particularly in the areas of kinaesthesia and movement control. This bias is evident in the choice of subject matter for the conference and, subsequently, this book. It was also decided to assign a whole section to muscle mechanics, a subject that is often left out altogether from conferences on motor control. Cairns is a lovely city and September is a good time to visit it.

Download or read book Multisensory Posture Control in Hip and Ankle Joints written by Georg Hettich and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Reflex Control of Posture and Movement written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-09-22 with total page 851 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reflex Control of Posture and Movement

Download or read book Multisensory Control of Movement written by A. Berthoz and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The relationship between perception and action constitutes one of the most interesting aspects of brain function. This book takes a multidisciplinary approach to studying the problems of manipulation, orienting, and navigating in humans and animals. Its premise is that control of movement is based on a configuration of several sensory cues, all providing input. It will be of interest to researchers, clinicians, and advanced students in neuroscience, psychology, and neurology.

Download or read book Current State of Postural Research Moving Beyond the Balance Platform written by Emily Keshner and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-02-05 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of posture control has morphed over the past century from a reflex, hierarchically controlled, innate behavior to a complex and adaptable motor act highly influenced by cognitive processes as well as confidence and attentiveness of the performer. In addition, multisensory control of posture has been recognized as a process of fusion and integration rather than summation and inhibition. Advances in computational modeling and imaging have revealed that higher cortical centers are involved in production of what were previously believed to be stereotypical, triggered reactions. Emerging evidence now supports the idea that postural behaviors are regulated by distributed control in the neuraxis and shaped by dynamic interactions of sensorimotor processes in a task- and context-dependent manner.

Download or read book The Contribution of Postural Adjustments to Body Balance and Motor Performance written by Eric Yiou and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-02-08 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The control of balance by the central nervous system is crucial to maintain our posture and perform efficiently our daily motor tasks. This control requires the development of dynamical phenomena sub-served by highly-coordinated patterns of muscle activation/deactivation disseminated throughout the whole-body and called “postural adjustments”. Establishing the interaction between balance control, locomotion and cognition has important clinical implication, especially in term of falls prevention, and will improve our knowledge on the underlying neural correlates. This Research Topic provides an up-to-date picture of the relationship between postural adjustments, body balance and motor performance in healthy (young and older adults) and pathological participants. It includes 36 contributions (1 editorial, 28 original articles, 4 reviews and 3 methods articles) which are separated into four sections: 1. Postural maintenance and multisensory integration, 2. Anticipatory postural adjustments associated with voluntary movement, 3. Postural adjustments associated with predictable and unpredictable external perturbation, 4. Gait assessment and rehabilitation in aging. Beside their basic interest of unveiling the mechanisms behind motor control, results from the investigations of this topic are relevant to develop new methods or tools to improve postural stability and motor performance, with applications in the fields of neurodegenerative conditions, rehabilitation, ergonomics and sports sciences.

Download or read book Afferent Control of Posture and Locomotion written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1990-02-28 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Afferent Control of Posture and Locomotion

Download or read book The Sensory Control of Posture and Movement written by Orthello Richardson Langworthy and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Current State of Postural Research Beyond Automatic Behavior written by Emily Keshner and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-16 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Impact of Attentional Focus on Sensory Reweighting for Postural Control in the Aging Adult written by Lei Ma and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation aims to understand how attention can be used to improve sensory integration for postural control. Decades of research have been done using visual manipulations to study how healthy and clinical populations resolve multisensory (vision, vestibular, and somatosensory) mismatches to maintain postural stability. Postural control is a complex motor skill that requires accurate integration of multiple senses to maintain body alignment and orientation with respect to the environment. Age-related decline in visual, vestibular, and somatosensory acuity increases the risk for falls, and these sensory declines can be identified by assessing sensory reweighting. Sensory reweighting is the process in which the nervous redistributes the reliance, or "weight," on the sensory inputs to achieve postural stability. While the literature on sensory manipulation on postural control and fall risk has uncovered a wealth of knowledge on sensory reweighting for balance, it has neglected to identify how sensory reweighting can be improved. At the same time, motor learning literature has demonstrated the importance of focus attention during balance training to improve postural control. However, rudimentary analyses such as duration of balance and sway variability in this literature have limited deeper examination of the underlying neural mechanisms affected by focus of attention. This dissertation aims to bridge the gap between the two works of literature by implementing sensory manipulation techniques on posture using the latest technologies in virtual reality (VR) head-mount display (HMD) with motion capture and electroencephalography (EEG) recordings to study how different focuses of attention help resolve multisensory conflicts. In aim one, forty-two healthy adults participated in the study that used VR manipulation to induce a multisensory conflict. Participants were tasked to maintain upright stability on a rocker board while given different instructions on where to focus their attention. Instructions included focusing on keeping the rocker board leveled (external focus), focusing on keeping feet leveled to each other (internal focus), and focusing on staying as still as possible (control). This study revealed an immediate improvement in postural stability when instructed with external focus compared to control. This improvement was also associated with a significant decrease in visual weighting. Additionally, this aim revealed an immediate change in cortical activity within the frontal and occipital regions of the brain as identified by EEG recordings when participants are instructed to use external focus and internal focus. In aim two, twenty-eight healthy adults participated in the crossover study that demonstrated order effects when multiple instructions of attentional focus were given to the same participant for postural stability and visual reweighting. This study showed that the effects of external focus on postural stability and visual reweighting are greater when external focus is used before internal focus. However, the effects of external focus were nullified when used after using internal focus. Furthermore, the order of the instructions may have corresponded with a recency bias regarding how the participant perceived the effectiveness depending on when they received the attentional focus instruction. Guided by the findings from aims one and two, aim three recruited twenty-seven older adults to participate in a single-session balance training using repeated exposure to VR manipulation that challenged their balance on a rocker board. The older adults were randomized into one of the three groups: external focus, internal focus, and control group. The external focus group did not demonstrate an immediate reduction in visual weighting as found in aim 1. However, the external focus group did demonstrate better immediate postural stability when compared to the internal focus groups. Both external and internal focus groups revealed a significant improvement in visual weighting and postural stability across training blocks, suggesting a potential role of attentional focus on postural control adaption to repeated VR exposure. This dissertation was one of the first studies to investigate how the attentional focus impacts sensory reweighting and postural control in young and older adults using VR HMD. This project also established a VR experimental paradigm that can be used to study the focus of attention and the resolution of multisensory mismatch. With the increased use of VR for balance training and rehabilitation, this project is at the forefront of utilizing VR HMD technology to expose underlying sensory mechanisms for postural control. Results from this study can guide future rehabilitation and balance training interventions by identifying how attention should be directed during training.

Download or read book Multi joint Coordination Underlies Upright Postural Control written by Wei-Li Hsu and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation sought to understand whether the potential flexibility provided by a redundant motor system is actually used to control upright posture and to understand the role of that motor redundancy in facilitating the performance of multiple tasks concurrently while standing. The method used to address this question, the uncontrolled manifold (UCM) approach, provided a means to determine how the positional stability of the whole body, measured via variability of the COM, is stabilized by coordination of the redundant joints of the body. The first study of this dissertation tested the hypotheses that all major joints along the body's longitudinal axis are equally active during quiet standing and that their motions are coordinated to stabilize the spatial positions of the COM and head. The main results of the experiment designed to address this question showed that many joints along the body's longitudinal axis had greater moment-to-moment variability than did the ankle or hip joints (Hsu et al. Journal of Neurophysiology, 97(4):3024-35, 2007, which are presumed in inverted pendulum models to account for most of postural sway. Moreover, the variance of all examined joints was structured largely to stabilize upright posture during quiet standing, indicating that the COM was an important control variable for upright postural stability. That is, overall variance of joint motion which did not affect COM position was substantially and significantly higher than variability of joint motion leading to COM position variability. Moreover, elimination of visual information led to greater joint motion variance which had little effect on the COM position. Instead, the increased variance reflected the use of an ensemble of joint coordination patterns that stabilized the COM position. The purpose of the second study was to investigate whether and how the available motor redundancy is utilized when additional tasks are performed concurrently. Subjects executed a targeting task alone or in combination with an additional ball-balancing task while standing. The results of UCM analysis of joint variance revealed that the joints were coordinated such that their combined variance had minimal effect on the COM position. The component of joint variance that had no effect on the COM position increased selectively when the task was made more difficult by adding an additional ball-balancing task and when performing the targeting task to a smaller sized target. Similar results were observed when examining joint variance with respect to control of the hand path. The second study provided evidence to support the hypothesis that a major advantage of a neural control scheme which takes advantage of motor redundancy is to allow performance of multiple tasks simultaneously without any one task unduly interfering with another. The third study attempted to investigate this hypothesis further by examining the effect of artificially eliminating knee and lumbar-thoracic joint motions on postural control when the arms performed targeting tasks concurrently in standing. Subjects performed a targeting task alone or in combination with an additional ball-balancing task while standing with free joint motions (unconstrained condition) and with restricted joint motions (constrained condition). The results of UCM analysis again revealed that the joints were coordinated such that their combined variance had a minimal effect on the stability of the COM position. However, the component of joint variance reflecting the use of motor abundance decreased significantly when subjects performed the combined task with their joint motions constrained. Moreover, the component of joint variance that leads to COM variability tended to increase with a reduction in joint DOFs. Similar results were observed when examining control of the hand's path. Therefore, the results are generally consistent with those of the previous study indicating that reducing the number of DOFs available to stabilize the COM results in greater difficulty coordinating the joints to stabilize the COM when multiple tasks must be performed simultaneously. This dissertation improves our understanding of multi-DOF coordination of postural control. This knowledge provides a basis for developing improved tools for evaluation and treatment of patients with sensorimotor deficits leading to balance disorders and many provide important insights for the development of new training procedures to help reduce the risk of falls in the elderly, suggesting that the development of training programs that help patients explore the use of motor redundancy may help improve their postural stability. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

Download or read book The Effect of a Three week Multisensory Training Program for Postural Sway Control written by Ai Choo Lee and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Postural Control Supports Visual Perceptual But Not Cognitive Performance written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of the present thesis was to investigate the relation between upright posture and perceptual performance. Some researchers have argued that the integration of multisensory perceptual stimulation, which is required for postural control, may draw on central processing capacity. From this perspective, performing cognitively demanding tasks should negatively influence postural control (i.e., induce higher levels of postural sway). This is because of competition for processing resources between the cognitive task and maintaining balance. An alternative theoretical view suggests that postural sway may be functionally related to performance on perceptual supra-postural tasks, independent of the effects of cognition. Three experiments were conducted in which the variability in postural sway was analyzed in the context of supra-postural goal variation. Experiment 1 focused on postural sway in response to performing a visually demanding signal detection task versus a mental arithmetic condition. The two tasks were equated in terms of overall subjective mental workload. Experiment 2 compared sway during performance of easy and hard mental arithmetic tasks. Experiment 3 controlled for a possible confound of vocalizing arithmetic responses in Experiment 1. There was significantly less sway when performing visual signal detection (relative to sway during mental arithmetic), but no significant differences in sway between the easy and hard arithmetic conditions. The results support the idea that postural sway is organized with reference to constraints imposed by the perceptual demands of supra-postural tasks, but not with reference to non-perceptual cognitive demand. Human factors design implications were discussed with respect to virtual reality and virtual environments.