Download or read book Multiple Sclerosis and Its Effect Upon Employment written by Nicole Davoud and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Employment Issues and Multiple Sclerosis written by Phillip D. Rumrill and published by ReadHowYouWant.com. This book was released on 2010-02 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Employment Issues and Multiple Sclerosis, 2nd Edition, is essential reading for any person with MS who has questions regarding employment and disability. Chapters cover everything from vocational rehabilitation to job placement to the laws covering employment. This updated edition includes: A NEW chapter detailing employee rights regarding medical leave, health insurance portability and accountability, and continuation of benefits; A NEW chapter on Social Security Disability Insurance programs; An expanded and updated chapter on the Americans with Disabilities Act; An expanded and updated chapter on employment services for people with MS; A completely updated chapter on policy, programming, and research recommendations to improve the rate of labor force participation of people with a chronic condition Intended for people with MS, their families, physicians, nurses, social workers, rehabilitation professionals, and others interested in the employment implications of MS, this comprehensive book is a basic source of information on matters of research and public policy.

Download or read book Employment Issues and Multiple Sclerosis written by Phillip Rumrill, PhD, CRC and published by Demos Health. This book was released on 2008-01-02 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiple sclerosis produces wide-ranging effects on a person's physical, psychological, and social functioning. One of the most important is its effect on employment. Although the vast majority of people with this disease have employment histories and were working at the time of diagnosis, many are unable to maintain employment as the disease progresses. Employment Issues and Multiple Sclerosis, 2nd Edition is a must read for any person with MS that has a question regarding employment and disability. Chapters cover everything from vocational rehabilitation to job placement, and the laws covering employment. The Updated Edition Includes: NEW chapter detailing employee rights concerning medical leave, health insurance portability and accountability, and continuation of benefits NEW chapter on Social Security Disability Insurance programs An expanded and updated chapter on the Americans with Disabilities Act An expanded and updated chapter on research and services regarding the employment of Americans with MS Completely updated chapter on policy, programming, and research recommendations to improve the rate of labor force participation of people with MS Intended for people with MS, their families, physicians, nurses, social workers, rehabilitation professionals, and others interested in the employment implications of MS, this comprehensive new text is a basic resource guide to matters of research, public policy, and service delivery. The author also discusses current trends in health care and rehabilitation, and recommends reforms to better serve the interests of people with MS. "

Download or read book Multiple Sclerosis written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-08-10 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic and often disabling disease of the nervous system, affecting about 1 million people worldwide. Even though it has been known for over a hundred years, no cause or cure has yet been discovered-but now there is hope. New therapies have been shown to slow the disease progress in some patients, and the pace of discoveries about the cellular machinery of the brain and spinal cord has accelerated. This book presents a comprehensive overview of multiple sclerosis today, as researchers seek to understand its processes, develop therapies that will slow or halt the disease and perhaps repair damage, offer relief for specific symptoms, and improve the abilities of MS patients to function in their daily lives. The panel reviews existing knowledge and identifies key research questions, focusing on: Research strategies that have the greatest potential to understand the biological mechanisms of recovery and to translate findings into specific strategies for therapy. How people adapt to MS and the research needed to improve the lives of people with MS. Management of disease symptoms (cognitive impairment, depression, spasticity, vision problems, and others). The committee also discusses ways to build and financially support the MS research enterprise, including a look at challenges inherent in designing clinical trials. This book will be important to MS researchers, research funders, health care advocates for MS research and treatment, and interested patients and their families.

Download or read book Multiple Sclerosis For Dummies written by Rosalind Kalb and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-02-25 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Being diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) doesn’t have to mean your life is over. Everyone’s MS is different and no one can predict exactly what yours will be like. The fact is, lots of people live their lives with MS without making a full-time job of it. MS for Dummies gives you easy to access, easy to understand information about what happens with MS—what kinds of symptoms it can cause, how it can affect your life at home and at work, what you can do to feel and function up to snuff, and how you can protect yourself and your family against the long-term unpredictability of the disease. You'll learn: Why some people get MS and others don’t How to make treatment and lifestyle choices that work for you What qualities to look for in a neurologist and in the rest of your healthcare team How to manage fatigue, walking problems, and visual changes Why the road to diagnosis can be full of twists and turns How to understand the pros and cons of alternative medicine Why and how to talk to your kids about MS How to find stress management strategies that work for you Your rights under the Americans with Disabilities Act Complete with listings of valuable resources such as other books, Web sites, and community agencies and organizations that you can tap for information or assistance, MS for Dummies will tell you everything you need to know in order to make educated choices and comfortable decisions about life with MS.

Download or read book Recovering from Multiple Sclerosis written by George Jelinek and published by Allen & Unwin. This book was released on 2013-06-01 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A diagnosis of multiple sclerosis conjures up images of wheelchairs and a shortened life, but in fact it's possible to regain mobility and make a recovery. These deeply moving life stories of twelve people from around the world offer real hope to people with MS everywhere. These determined women and men have been able to halt the progression of the disease and recover mobility by making significant lifestyle changes including diet, sunshine, meditation, exercise, and for some, using drug therapy. Based on extended interviews, these stories offer an insight into the different journeys to recovery. They also highlight the challenges faced by people with different types of MS and at different stages in the progression of the disease.

Download or read book At work written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cognition and Behavior in Multiple Sclerosis written by John DeLuca and published by American Psychological Association (APA). This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume describes the effects and consequences of multiple sclerosis (MS) on cognition. Authors summarize the impact of MS on behavioral problems, daily living, and related neuropsychiatric disorders, and offer clinical guidance for practitioners.

Download or read book Multiple Sclerosis A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding Managing and Living with MS written by Ethan D. Anderson and published by BornIncredible.com. This book was released on 2023-01-01 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A comprehensive guide for patients, families, and caregivers facing MS." Are you or a loved one facing a multiple sclerosis (MS) diagnosis? Empower yourself with the knowledge, strategies, and support you need to navigate this complex journey with "Multiple Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding, Managing, and Living with MS." This indispensable guide provides a clear and thorough overview of multiple sclerosis, breaking down the intricacies of this life-altering disease for patients, families, and caregivers. Written in an easy-to-digest format, this book will equip you with the tools you need to make informed decisions about your healthcare journey and live a fulfilling life with MS. Inside this essential resource, you'll discover: A detailed introduction to MS, its types, causes, and risk factors. An in-depth exploration of the nervous system, the immune system, and the demyelination process in MS. Comprehensive information on the signs, symptoms, diagnostic process, and differential diagnosis of MS. An overview of the disease course, prognosis, and treatment options tailored for each disease course. A complete guide to disease-modifying therapies, including injectable, oral, and infusion treatments. Practical advice on managing common symptoms such as fatigue, mobility issues, and cognitive problems. Expert guidance on rehabilitation and support services, including physical, occupational, and speech therapy. An exploration of complementary and alternative medicine approaches for MS, including diet, mind-body therapies, and natural supplements. An examination of the psychosocial aspects of MS, including emotional well-being, relationships, intimacy, and caregiver support. Information on employment, disability, and navigating legal rights and benefits. Tips for daily living, exercise, travel, and recreation for individuals with MS. A special section dedicated to pediatric MS, diagnosis, treatment, and support for children and families. A look at the latest advancements in MS research, emerging therapies, and the future of personalized medicine. "Multiple Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding, Managing, and Living with MS" is more than just a reference book. It's a powerful resource that empowers those affected by MS to take control of their lives, providing them with the knowledge and tools they need to face the disease with confidence and hope. Don't let multiple sclerosis define your journey. Order your copy today and take the first step towards understanding, managing, and thriving with MS. Table Of Contents Introduction What Is Multiple Sclerosis? Epidemiology And Prevalence The Nervous System And Multiple Sclerosis Central Nervous System The Immune System Demyelination Process The Different Types Of Multiple Sclerosis Clinically Isolated Syndrome Multiple Sclerosis Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Unique Characteristics Who’S At Risk For Multiple Sclerosis How Do You Get Multiple Sclerosis What Are The Symptoms Of Multiple Sclerosis Ms Symptom List Early Warning Signs Common Symptoms Less Common Symptoms What Causes Multiple Sclerosis? Genetic Factors Environmental Factors Lifestyle Factors How Can Multiple Sclerosis Be Prevented? How Is Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosed? Diagnostic Process Medical History And Physical Examination Imaging Techniques Laboratory Tests Differential Diagnosis Conditions Mimicking Multiple Sclerosis Diagnostic Challenges Confirming The Diagnosis How Do You Treat Multiple Sclerosis? Goals Of Treatment Treatment Options By Disease Course Medication Management Disease-Modifying Therapies Injectable Therapies Oral Therapies Infusion Therapies Symptom Management Fatigue Mobility Issues Cognitive Problems Rehabilitation And Support Services Physical Therapy Occupational Therapy Speech And Language Therapy Advancements And Future Directions Current Research Emerging Therapies Personalized Medicine Alternative Treatments For Multiple Sclerosis Diet And Nutrition Mind-Body Therapies Natural Supplements What Is The Prognosis For Multiple Sclerosis Disease Course And Prognosis Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis How Long Does It Take For Ms To Disable You? The Role Of Diet In Multiple Sclerosis The Role Of Stress In Multiple Sclerosis What Are The Risks And Complications Associated With Multiple Sclerosis? Living With Multiple Sclerosis Psychosocial Aspects Of Multiple Sclerosis Emotional Well-Being Relationships And Intimacy Family And Caregiver Support Employment And Disability Workplace Accommodations Legal Rights Applying For Disability Benefits Daily Living Strategies Exercise And Physical Activity Travel And Recreation Support For Children And Families Resources And Support Multiple Sclerosis Organizations Online Communities Financial Assistance Programs Frequently Asked Questions. What Are Usually The First Signs Of Ms? What Is Life Expectancy With Ms? What Are 4 Common Symptoms Of Ms? What Is The Main Cause Of Multiple Sclerosis? How Can I Check Myself For Ms? What Part Of The Body Does Ms Affect First? How Long Does It Take For Ms To Disable You? Can Ms Go Away? Can You Drink Alcohol With Multiple Sclerosis? At What Age Does Ms Usually Start? Does Ms Show Up In Blood Work? Who Gets Multiple Sclerosis? Can Stress Trigger Ms? Are You Born With Ms Or Does It Develop? Can Ms Come On Suddenly? How Can A Neurologist Tell If You Have Ms? Can A Eye Test Detect Ms? Can A Gp Diagnose Ms? What Is Lupus Vs Ms? Does Ms Cause Weight Gain? What Organs Are Affected By Multiple Sclerosis? Can You Drive With Ms? Do All Ms Patients End Up In A Wheelchair? What Are The Last Stages Of Ms Before Death? Do You Live A Long Life With Ms? What Can Trigger Ms Flare Ups? What Happens If You Don't Treat Ms? Does Coffee Help Ms? How Does Vitamin D Help Multiple Sclerosis? Does Exercise Help Ms? What Is Ms Disease Life Expectancy? What Are Three Ms Symptoms? What Are The Final Stages Of Ms? Can I Live A Normal Life With Ms? Can Multiple Sclerosis Go Away? What Is The First Stage Of Ms? Who Is At High Risk For Ms? Who Is Prone To Ms? Does Ms Make You Gain Weight? Does Ms Start Suddenly? What Are Subtle Signs Of Ms? Is Ms A Painful Condition? Can Ms Cause Dementia? How Fast Does Ms Usually Progress? Can People With Ms Drive? Is Ms Treatable If Caught Early? What Is The Best Lifestyle For Ms? Can Stress Cause Ms? Does An Mri Show Ms? Where Is Ms Headache Located? Can You Have Ms With A Normal Mri? Does Ms Run In Families? What Vitamins Should You Avoid With Ms? What Are Symptoms Of Ms In A Woman? What Is An Environmental Trigger For Ms? Can Ms Be Caused By A Virus? Can Someone Have Ms For Years And Not Know It? What Was Your First Signs Of Ms? What Does Ms Pain Feel Like? What Is The Leading Cause Of Death In Multiple Sclerosis Patients? What Is Csf In Multiple Sclerosis? Can Ms Be Detected In Csf? What Is The Csf Cell Count For Multiple Sclerosis? What Is The Spinal Test For Ms? Does Csf Show On Mri? What Happens If Csf Is Not Treated? Does Multiple Sclerosis Show In Mri? Does Ms Show In Brain Or Spine First? Can You Have Ms Lesions On Spine But Not Brain? What Blood Tests Would Indicate Ms? What Are The Symptoms Of Spinal Ms? How Can I Test Myself For Ms? Is Ms Diagnosed In Spinal Mri? How Serious Is Csf? Can Csf Clear Up On Its Own? What Does Increased Csf Feel Like? What Does A Csf Headache Feel Like? Can You Have A Csf Leak For Years And Not Know It? Can Csf Cause Brain Damage? How Do People Get Multiple Sclerosis? How Long Can Ms Go Undiagnosed? Can Ms Affect Your Teeth? What Does Sclerosis In The Spine Mean What Causes Sclerosis Of The Spine? What Does Ms Look Like On A Spine Mri? Do Lesions On The Spine Always Mean Ms? What Symptoms Do Spinal Lesions Cause? What Medications Should Be Avoided With Multiple Sclerosis? What Age Does Ms Prognosis Start? What Does Disseminated Sclerosis Mean? "What Is The Difference Between Disseminated Sclerosis And Multiple Sclerosis? Is Disseminated Sclerosis Hereditary? How Is Disseminated Sclerosis Diagnosed? Is Sclerosis A Terminal Illness? What Triggers Sclerosis? What Is The Most Serious Form Of Ms? What Is The Most Severe Form Of Multiple Sclerosis?" What Are The Four Stages Of Multiple Sclerosis? What Happens If Sclerosis Is Left Untreated? Can Stress Cause Multiple Sclerosis? Can You Have Multiple Sclerosis For Years And Not Know It? What Are The Stages Of Sclerosis? What Is The Most Common Initial Early Symptom Of Multiple Sclerosis? Can You Have Demyelination Without Ms? How Long Do You Live With Sclerosis? Does Sclerosis Cause Death? What Is The Average Age Of Death For Multiple Sclerosis? How Do You Fix Sclerosis? How Do You Get Rid Of Sclerosis? What Is The Number One Cause Of Multiple Sclerosis? How Fast Does Multiple Sclerosis Progress? Is Multiple Sclerosis Hereditary Or Genetic? How Long Is Life Expectancy With Progressive Ms? What Are The Signs Of End Stage Multiple Sclerosis? What Is Worse Than Ms? What Are The Three Types Of Multiple Sclerosis? Can Ms Cause Sudden Death? What Is Last Stage Of Ms Called? Can You Live With Sclerosis? What Is Encephalomyelitis Disseminata? What Causes Disseminated Encephalomyelitis? What Is The Difference Between Ms And Adem? What Are The Signs Of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis? Does Encephalomyelitis Go Away? How Do You Get Encephalomyelitis? How Long Does Encephalomyelitis Last? How Do You Test For Encephalomyelitis? How Is Encephalomyelitis Treated? Can Covid Trigger Adem? Does Adem Show Up On Mri? How Common Is Adem In Adults? Can Acute Encephalomyelitis Be Cured? Is Demyelination Life Threatening? What Are The Long Term Effects Of Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis? Which Virus Causes Encephalomyelitis? Can You Live A Normal Life After Encephalitis? What Supplements Reduce Brain Inflammation? Can Encephalitis Be Caused By Stress? Does Exercise Reduce Brain Inflammation? "What Does Encephalomyelitis Mean In Medical Terms? How Do You Know If Your Brain Is Inflamed? How Do You Reduce Inflammation In The Brain? Is Encephalomyelitis A Virus? Does Encephalitis Show Up In Blood Work? What Causes Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis? What Foods Should Be Avoided With Encephalitis? How Rare Is Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis? Can Adem Turn Into Ms? What Is The Death Rate Of Adem? What Is Multiple Sclerosis Can You Drink Alcohol With Ms? Can I Live A Normal Life With Ms? Do All Ms Patients End Up In A Wheelchair? Can You Drive With Ms? What Is The Main Cause Of Multiple Sclerosis? Multiple Sclerosis Are You Born With Multiple Sclerosis? Can Stress Cause Multiple Sclerosis? What Complications Lead To Death With Ms? Who Is At High Risk For Ms? What Is The Best Climate For Multiple Sclerosis? Is Ms Inherited From Mother Or Father? The Different Types Of Multiple Sclerosis Clinically Isolated Syndrome Multiple Sclerosis Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Who’S At Risk For Multiple Sclerosis How Do You Get Multiple Sclerosis What Are The Symptoms Of Multiple Sclerosis What Causes Multiple Sclerosis? How Can Multiple Sclerosis Be Prevented? How Is Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosed? How Do You Treat Multiple Sclerosis? Alternative Treatments For Multiple Sclerosis What Is The Prognosis For Multiple Sclerosis How Long Does It Take For Ms To Disable You? The Role Of Diet In Multiple Sclerosis The Role Of Stress In Multiple Sclerosis What Are The Risks And Complications Associated With Multiple Sclerosis? Living With Multiple Sclerosis Have Questions / Comments?

Download or read book National Multiple Sclerosis Act written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Public Welfare. Subcommittee on Health and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 1680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Considers legislation to establish a National Multiple Sclerosis Institute.

Download or read book Yoga and Multiple Sclerosis written by Loren M. Fishman, MD and published by Demos Medical Publishing. This book was released on 2007-05-18 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Yoga for people with multiple sclerosis? Absolutely! Today, people with a wide range of medical problems use yoga successfully. Because of its emphasis on relaxation, breathing, and deliberate movement, it can be especially beneficial for individuals dealing with a neurologic disease like multiple sclerosis. Yoga and Multiple Sclerosis, coauthored by Dr. Loren Martin Fishman and Eric Small, a yoga teacher who first embraced these techniques as a way to manage his own symptoms of multiple sclerosis, is a comprehensive guide to applying the principles of yoga to the management of MS. The first section is a straightforward but gentle introduction to yoga - a therapeutic approach to the practice itself. The second part is functionally oriented. Different yoga poses that work toward a common goal, such as combating fatigue, reducing spasticity, and increasing range of motion, are included and illustrated. This user-friendly guide Describes how yoga works Includes photographs and descriptions of each pose Explains effects, advantages, and contraindications Contains starter poses that will help the uninitiated or physically challenged to gently achieve a posture Yoga and Multiple Sclerosis: A Journey to Health and Healing is an excellent guidebook and tool for people with MS, people who undertake yoga on their own, and for all members of the medical and yoga communities.

Download or read book Decisions of the Employees Compensation Appeals Board written by United States. Employees' Compensation Appeals Board and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Rehabilitation Counseling and Emerging Disabilities written by Lynn C. Koch, PhD, CRC and published by Springer Publishing Company. This book was released on 2016-10-14 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging disabilities are disabling conditions that are new to medical science, often medically debated, and lacking in known etiology; or those increasing in prevalence in recent years. This master's-level text is the first to eschew traditional disabilities to focus specifically on the unique characteristics and needs of individuals with disabilities such as multiple chemical sensitivity, fibromyalgia, and Lyme disease, or those currently increasing in prevalence (e.g., diabetes, autism, PTSD), and explore their implications for rehabilitation counseling practice. The text is also unique in its examination of how disability causes, types, and patterns are changing in response to current medical, social, cultural, and environmental trends and addressing necessary changes to rehabilitation policies and practices to better serve consumers with emerging disabilities. The book explores important sociological and environmental phenomena such as global warming, pollution, poverty, violence, migration patterns, addiction, and substance abuse, and the changing age demographic of the United States that has altered the landscape of disability policy and rehabilitation services in the 21st century. Each chapter provides specific examples of disabling conditions and discusses their medical, psychosocial, and vocational significance. The authors examine implications for rehabilitation assessment, planning, and placement, and emphasize changes needed to rehabilitation policy and practice. The text is replete with practical evidence-based strategies for meeting the psychosocial and vocational needs of people with emerging disabilities. Chapters include case examples, learning objectives, and discussion questions. Key Features: Describes disabling conditions either new to medical science or increasing in prevalence in modern society Examines sociocultural, environmental, and legislative trends that have resulted in emerging disabilities Delivers policy, programming, and research recommendations to improve services and supports for Americans with emerging disabilities Provides practical, evidence-based strategies for meeting the psychosocial and vocational needs of people with emerging disabilities Includes learning objectives, case examples, and discussion questions Supplemental materials include PowerPoints, syllabus, and test bank

Download or read book CURRENT Diagnosis Treatment Neurology Second Edition written by John Brust and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2011-10-19 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A handy, practical, and management-oriented neurology sourcebook – delivering everything you need in one easy-to-carry volume CURRENT Diagnosis & Treatment Neurology, 2e provides busy clinicians with practical, up-to-date strategies for assessing and managing the most frequently seen neurologic conditions in adults and children. Features Consistent presentation includes Essentials of Diagnosis, Symptoms and Signs, Diagnostic Studies, Differential Diagonsis, Treatment, and Prognosis Coverage of disorders in both adults and children Practical information on common conditions such as headaches, movement disorders, and central nervous system infections Expert help with ischemicand hemorrhagic stroke, epilepsy, sleeping disorders, dizziness, hearing loss, dementia and memory loss, psychiatric problems, and more Thorough coverage of diagnostic tests More than 100 informative photos and illustrations Updated with the latest findings and developments This second edition will be valuable to anyone who sees patients with neurologic complaints, whether in primary care or the neurology clinic.

Download or read book Overcoming Multiple Sclerosis written by George Jelinek and published by ReadHowYouWant.com. This book was released on 2010-10-19 with total page 678 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large Print.

Download or read book People with Multiple Sclerosis written by Paul J. Bull and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-01 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiple sclerosis is an incurable neurological disease of unknown cause with a fearful reputation for generating disability, unemployment, poverty and early death. This book critically surveys the current state of multiple sclerosis research, demonstrating the shortfall of current research undertaken on the lives of people with multiple sclerosis.

Download or read book Multiple Sclerosis written by Michael Olek and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-27 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A synthesis of current concepts about the evaluation, treatment, and future directions in MS. On the evaluation side, the authors review the use of MRI, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, functional MRI, and three-dimensional MRI, and consider the rapidly developing body of pathologic information they have yielded. On the treatment side, the focus is on recently approved medications (Novantrone), new indications for medications (CHAMPS Trial), medications in development (Oral Interferon Tau, Oral Copaxone, and Oral Cellcept), immunosuppressive therapy for both progressive disease and symptomatic therapy; the current medications for treating relapsing-remitting MS (Avonex, Betaseron, and Copaxone) are also discussed. For future directions, the authors present the current best thinking, as well as the latest discoveries in immunology relating to MS, including groundbreaking B-cell research and its applications to specific immunotherapies, and the use of immune markers for tracking the disease.