Download or read book Multi trait Branching Models with Applications to Species Evolution written by Daniah Tahir and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modern Phylogenetic Comparative Methods and Their Application in Evolutionary Biology written by László Zsolt Garamszegi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-29 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phylogenetic comparative approaches are powerful analytical tools for making evolutionary inferences from interspecific data and phylogenies. The phylogenetic toolkit available to evolutionary biologists is currently growing at an incredible speed, but most methodological papers are published in the specialized statistical literature and many are incomprehensible for the user community. This textbook provides an overview of several newly developed phylogenetic comparative methods that allow to investigate a broad array of questions on how phenotypic characters evolve along the branches of phylogeny and how such mechanisms shape complex animal communities and interspecific interactions. The individual chapters were written by the leading experts in the field and using a language that is accessible for practicing evolutionary biologists. The authors carefully explain the philosophy behind different methodologies and provide pointers – mostly using a dynamically developing online interface – on how these methods can be implemented in practice. These “conceptual” and “practical” materials are essential for expanding the qualification of both students and scientists, but also offer a valuable resource for educators. Another value of the book are the accompanying online resources (available at: http://www.mpcm-evolution.com), where the authors post and permanently update practical materials to help embed methods into practice.
Download or read book Challenges and Advances for Phylogenetic Comparative Models of Trait Evolution written by Daniel Caetano da Silva and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A phylogenetic tree is a hypothesis of evolutionary relationships among lineages. The branching pattern of such tree tells us the history of species groups derived from their most recent common ancestors. The length of each branch of this tree represent time, a critical information to study evolutionary processes. Such a tree is the starting point for phylogenetic comparative studies, which aim is to use phylogenies to test hypotheses about macroevolution. One of the most interesting questions on macroevolution is how morphological traits evolved to gave origin to the impressive biodiversity we see today. In this dissertation, I use and develop statistical models to ask questions such as the association between morphological differentiation and lineage diversification and patterns of evolutionary correlation among several traits. The present dissertation is divided into four chapters. The first tests whether the diverse coloration patterns associated with Neotropical false-coral snakes of the family Dipsadidae has a positive effect on the rates of diversification of the group. In the second chapter I focused on evolutionary modularity and developed a novel Bayesian approach to study patters of evolutionary correlation among several continuous traits using Markov-chain Monte Carlo. The third chapter is composed by the implementation of the new method described on Chapter 2 as an R package named 'ratematrix'. In this same chapter, I developed and implemented an extension of Felsenstein's pruning algorithm applied when multiple independent multivariate Brownian-motion rate regimes are fitted to the same phylogenetic tree. The fourth chapter introduces the use of mathematical functions to describe the heterogeneity in the rate of evolution of a continuous trait across the branches of a phylogeny as predicted by a different (also continuous) trait. In summary, in this dissertation I visit different topics associated with phylogenetic comparative models of trait evolution. Each chapter focus on a current challenge in phylogenetic comparative studies; the association of trait with rates of diversification on chapter one, simultaneous study of several traits on chapters two and three and the correlation between rates of evolution and a potential predictor trait on chapter four.
Download or read book Cloning Branching Patterns the Major Transitions of Evolution Other writings written by Christopher Portosa Stevens and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2018-08-07 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sample: "What does language do? Or, what does culture do? Language and culture are non-genetic mechanisms for increasing the number of qualities across individuals, and language and culture also increase the capacity for intraspecific assortative mating across individuals in the human species (by increasing the number of dissimilarities and categories of similarities across individuals in the human species). It is interesting to consider functional analogies amongst animals and plants: Birdsong and feather colors in bird species, and the colors and shapes of angiosperm flowering plant species play similar functions in these species, i.e., they increase the number and differentiation of characteristics across individual organisms, thus increasing the capacity for assortative mating across individual organisms in bird species (intraspecific assortative mating), and increasing the capacity for assortative mating across angiosperm species and insect, bee, and bird species (interspecific assortative mating).""
Download or read book The Adaptive Landscape in Evolutionary Biology written by Erik Svensson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-05-17 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 'Adaptive Landscape' has been a central concept in population genetics and evolutionary biology since this powerful metaphor was first formulated in 1932. This volume brings together historians of science, philosophers, ecologists, and evolutionary biologists, to discuss the state of the art from several different perspectives.
Download or read book Cancer Evolution written by Charles Swanton and published by Perspectives Cshl. This book was released on 2017 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tumor progression is driven by mutations that confer growth advantages to different subpopulations of cancer cells. As a tumor grows, these subpopulations expand, accumulate new mutations, and are subjected to selective pressures from the environment, including anticancer interventions. This process, termed clonal evolution, can lead to the emergence of therapy-resistant tumors and poses a major challenge for cancer eradication efforts. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine examines cancer progression as an evolutionary process and explores how this way of looking at cancer may lead to more effective strategies for managing and treating it. The contributors review efforts to characterize the subclonal architecture and dynamics of tumors, understand the roles of chromosomal instability, driver mutations, and mutation order, and determine how cancer cells respond to selective pressures imposed by anticancer agents, immune cells, and other components of the tumor microenvironment. They compare cancer evolution to organismal evolution and describe how ecological theories and mathematical models are being used to understand the complex dynamics between a tumor and its microenvironment during cancer progression. The authors also discuss improved methods to monitor tumor evolution (e.g., liquid biopsies) and the development of more effective strategies for managing and treating cancers (e.g., immunotherapies). This volume will therefore serve as a vital reference for all cancer biologists as well as anyone seeking to improve clinical outcomes for patients with cancer.
Download or read book Rates of Evolution written by Philip D. Gingerich and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-09 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overview of evolutionary rates, analyzing data from laboratory, field and fossil record studies to extract their underlying generation-to-generation rates.
Download or read book Species Tree Inference written by Laura Kubatko and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2023-03-14 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Inferring evolutionary relationships among a collection of organisms -- that is, their relationship to each other on the tree of life -- remains a central focus of much of evolutionary biology as these relationships provide the background for key hypotheses. For example, support for different hypotheses about early animal evolution are contingent upon the phylogenetic relationships among the earliest animal lineages. Within the last 20 years, the field of phylogenetics has grown rapidly, both in the quantity of data available for inference and in the number of methods available for phylogenetic estimation. The authors' first book, "Estimating Species Trees: Practical and Theoretical Aspects", published in 2010, gave an overview of the state of phylogenetic practice for analyzing data at the time, but much has changed since then. The goal of this book is to serve as an updated reference on current methods within the field. The book is organized in three sections, the first of which provides an overview of the analytical and methodological developments of species tree inference. Section two focuses on empirical inference. Section three explores various applications of species trees in evolutionary biology. The combination of theoretical and empirical approaches is meant to provide readers with a level of knowledge of both the advances and limitations of species-tree inference that can help researchers in applying the methods, while also inspiring future advances among those researchers with an interest in methodological development"--
Download or read book Analysis of Phylogenetics and Evolution with R written by Emmanuel Paradis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-11-25 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book integrates a wide variety of data analysis methods into a single and flexible interface: the R language. The book starts with a presentation of different R packages and gives a short introduction to R for phylogeneticists unfamiliar with this language. The basic phylogenetic topics are covered. The chapter on tree drawing uses R's powerful graphical environment. A section deals with the analysis of diversification with phylogenies, one of the author's favorite research topics. The last chapter is devoted to the development of phylogenetic methods with R and interfaces with other languages (C and C++). Some exercises conclude these chapters.
Download or read book The Princeton Guide to Evolution written by David A. Baum and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2013-11-04 with total page 888 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Princeton Guide to Evolution is a comprehensive, concise, and authoritative reference to the major subjects and key concepts in evolutionary biology, from genes to mass extinctions. Edited by a distinguished team of evolutionary biologists, with contributions from leading researchers, the guide contains some 100 clear, accurate, and up-to-date articles on the most important topics in seven major areas: phylogenetics and the history of life; selection and adaptation; evolutionary processes; genes, genomes, and phenotypes; speciation and macroevolution; evolution of behavior, society, and humans; and evolution and modern society. Complete with more than 100 illustrations (including eight pages in color), glossaries of key terms, suggestions for further reading on each topic, and an index, this is an essential volume for undergraduate and graduate students, scientists in related fields, and anyone else with a serious interest in evolution. Explains key topics in some 100 concise and authoritative articles written by a team of leading evolutionary biologists Contains more than 100 illustrations, including eight pages in color Each article includes an outline, glossary, bibliography, and cross-references Covers phylogenetics and the history of life; selection and adaptation; evolutionary processes; genes, genomes, and phenotypes; speciation and macroevolution; evolution of behavior, society, and humans; and evolution and modern society
Download or read book Application of multi omics to important traits of ornamental and beverage plants written by Tangchun Zheng and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-07-04 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Community Ecology written by Herman A. Verhoef and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Community ecology is the study of the interactions between populations of co-existing species. Co-edited by two prominent community ecologists and featuring contributions from top researchers in the field, this book provides a survey of the state-of-the-art in both the theory and applications of the discipline. It pays special attention to topology, dynamics, and the importance of spatial and temporal scale while also looking at applications to emerging problems in human-dominated ecosystems (including the restoration and reconstruction of viable communities). Community Ecology: Processes, Models, and Applications adopts a mainly theoretical approach and focuses on the use of network-based theory, which remains little explored in standard community ecology textbooks. The book includes discussion of the effects of biotic invasions on natural communities; the linking of ecological network structure to empirically measured community properties and dynamics; the effects of evolution on community patterns and processes; and the integration of fundamental interactions into ecological networks. A final chapter indicates future research directions for the discipline.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 854 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Analysis of Evolutionary Processes written by Fabio Dercole and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2008-02-11 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantitative approaches to evolutionary biology traditionally consider evolutionary change in isolation from an important pressure in natural selection: the demography of coevolving populations. In Analysis of Evolutionary Processes, Fabio Dercole and Sergio Rinaldi have written the first comprehensive book on Adaptive Dynamics (AD), a quantitative modeling approach that explicitly links evolutionary changes to demographic ones. The book shows how the so-called AD canonical equation can answer questions of paramount interest in biology, engineering, and the social sciences, especially economics. After introducing the basics of evolutionary processes and classifying available modeling approaches, Dercole and Rinaldi give a detailed presentation of the derivation of the AD canonical equation, an ordinary differential equation that focuses on evolutionary processes driven by rare and small innovations. The authors then look at important features of evolutionary dynamics as viewed through the lens of AD. They present their discovery of the first chaotic evolutionary attractor, which calls into question the common view that coevolution produces exquisitely harmonious adaptations between species. And, opening up potential new lines of research by providing the first application of AD to economics, they show how AD can explain the emergence of technological variety. Analysis of Evolutionary Processes will interest anyone looking for a self-contained treatment of AD for self-study or teaching, including graduate students and researchers in mathematical and theoretical biology, applied mathematics, and theoretical economics.
Download or read book Canopy Photosynthesis From Basics to Applications written by Kouki Hikosaka and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-17 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The last 30 years has seen the development of increasingly sophisticated models that quantify canopy carbon exchange. These models are now essential parts of larger models for prediction and simulation of crop production, climate change, and regional and global carbon dynamics. There is thus an urgent need for increasing expertise in developing, use and understanding of these models. This in turn calls for an advanced, yet easily accessible textbook that summarizes the “canopy science” and introduces the present and the future scientists to the theoretical background of the current canopy models. This book presents current knowledge of functioning of plant canopies, models and strategies employed to simulate canopy function, and the significance of canopy architecture, physiology and dynamics in ecosystems, landscape and biosphere.
Download or read book Evolutionary Game Dynamics written by American Mathematical Society. Short Course and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2011-10-27 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is based on lectures delivered at the 2011 AMS Short Course on Evolutionary Game Dynamics, held January 4-5, 2011 in New Orleans, Louisiana. Evolutionary game theory studies basic types of social interactions in populations of players. It combines the strategic viewpoint of classical game theory (independent rational players trying to outguess each other) with population dynamics (successful strategies increase their frequencies). A substantial part of the appeal of evolutionary game theory comes from its highly diverse applications such as social dilemmas, the evolution of language, or mating behaviour in animals. Moreover, its methods are becoming increasingly popular in computer science, engineering, and control theory. They help to design and control multi-agent systems, often with a large number of agents (for instance, when routing drivers over highway networks or data packets over the Internet). While these fields have traditionally used a top down approach by directly controlling the behaviour of each agent in the system, attention has recently turned to an indirect approach allowing the agents to function independently while providing incentives that lead them to behave in the desired way. Instead of the traditional assumption of equilibrium behaviour, researchers opt increasingly for the evolutionary paradigm and consider the dynamics of behaviour in populations of agents employing simple, myopic decision rules.
Download or read book The Species Area Relationship written by Thomas J. Matthews and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-03-18 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive synthesis of a fundamental phenomenon, the species-area relationship, addressing theory, evidence and application.
