Download or read book Multi scale Investigation of the Formation and Breakdown of Passive Films on Carbon Steel Rebar in Concrete written by Pouria Ghods and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Passivation and Corrosion of Black Rebar with Mill Scale written by Xinying Lu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-02-10 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The passivation and corrosion of metal are significantly affected by its surface state and chemical characteristics. In practical engineering, the reinforcement is with mill scale or rust stains. Its passivation and corrosion are obviously different from the descaled one. This book briefly discusses the pseudo-passivation behavior and corrosion mechanisms of hot-rolled rebars with mill scale and provides the corresponding protection measures, which can be used as a reference for corrosion or civil engineers.
Download or read book Nanotechnology in Construction written by Konstantin Sobolev and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-07 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology has already demonstrated surprising potential for improving the performance of construction materials and many of these recent developments were facilitated by NICOM symposia. The NICOM5 proceedings will cover the emerging opportunities and future use of nanotechnology in construction and will illustrate the broad potential for application of nanotechnology to challenging problems involving materials and infrastructure.
Download or read book Steel Corrosion in Concrete written by Arnon Bentur and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-10-09 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poor durability of concrete is a major cause of problems in modern building and civil engineering structures in all countries: the annual cost of investigating and repairing deteriorating reinforced concrete structures runs into many millions of pounds. This book explains the fundamentals of the corrosion of steel in concrete. It is comprehensive and provides a basis for the practising engineer to design concrete structures which avoid the problem using modern concepts and specifications. A limited discussion of corrosion measurement and repairs is also provided.
Download or read book Stainless Steel in Concrete written by European Federation of Corrosion and published by Woodhead Publishing Limited. This book was released on 1996 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Corrosion of Steel in Concrete Structures written by Amir Poursaee and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2023-02-20 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essential reading for researchers, practitioners, and engineers, this book covers not only all the important aspects in the field of corrosion of steel reinforced concrete but also discusses new topics and future trends. Theoretical concepts of corrosion of steel in concrete structures, the variety of reinforcing materials and concrete, including stainless steel and galvanized steel, measurements and evaluations, such as electrochemical techniques and acoustic emission, protection and maintenance methods, and modelling, latest developments, and future trends in the field are discussed. Comprehensive coverage of the corrosion of steel bars in concrete, investigating the range of reinforcing materials, and types of concrete Introduces the latest measuring methods, data collection, and advanced modeling techniques Second edition covers a range of new, emerging topics such as the concept of chloride threshold value, concrete permeability and chloride diffusion, the role of steel microstructure, and innovations in corrosion detection devices
Download or read book Passivation and Corrosion of Black Rebar with Mill Scale written by Xinying Lu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2023-02-23 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The passivation and corrosion of metal are significantly affected by its surface state and chemical characteristics. In practical engineering, the reinforcement is with mill scale or rust stains. Its passivation and corrosion are obviously different from the descaled one. This book briefly discusses the pseudo-passivation behavior and corrosion mechanisms of hot-rolled rebars with mill scale and provides the corresponding protection measures, which can be used as a reference for corrosion or civil engineers.
Download or read book The Formation and Breakdown of Passive Films on Ni Alloys written by Alfred Larsson and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Med populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning på svenska och engelska.
Download or read book Nonconventional Concrete Technologies written by Committee on Nonconventional Concrete Technologies for Renewal of the Highway Infrastructure and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-04-08 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nonconventional Concrete Technologies: Renewal of the Highway Infrastructure identifies research and development opportunities in innovative, nonconventional materials and processes that have the potential to accelerate the construction process, improve the durability of highway pavement and bridges, and enhance the serviceability and longevity of new construction under adverse conditions.
Download or read book Corrosion of Steel in Concrete written by Luca Bertolini and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-02-26 with total page 389 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Steel-reinforced concrete is used ubiquitously as a building material due to its unique combination of the high compressive strength of concrete and the high tensile strength of steel. Therefore, reinforced concrete is an ideal composite material that is used for a wide range of applications in structural engineering such as buildings, bridges, tunnels, harbor quays, foundations, tanks and pipes. To ensure durability of these structures, however, measures must be taken to prevent, diagnose and, if necessary, repair damage to the material especially due to corrosion of the steel reinforcement. The book examines the different aspects of corrosion of steel in concrete, starting from basic and essential mechanisms of the phenomenon, moving up to practical consequences for designers, contractors and owners both for new and existing reinforced and prestressed concrete structures. It covers general aspects of corrosion and protection of reinforcement, forms of attack in the presence of carbonation and chlorides, problems of hydrogen embrittlement as well as techniques of diagnosis, monitoring and repair. This second edition updates the contents with recent findings on the different topics considered and bibliographic references, with particular attention to recent European standards. This book is a self-contained treatment for civil and construction engineers, material scientists, advanced students and architects concerned with the design and maintenance of reinforced concrete structures. Readers will benefit from the knowledge, tools, and methods needed to understand corrosion in reinforced concrete and how to prevent it or keep it within acceptable limits.
Download or read book Evaluation of the Behaviour of Continuously Galvanized Rebar written by Ibrahim Ogunsanya and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: De-icing/anti-icing salts used during the winter season are the major culprit in limiting the durability of reinforced concrete structures. The salts induce corrosion of rebar, by penetrating the concrete and breaking down the protective film formed on the steel in the high alkaline environment of the concrete. Since the corrosion products occupy a volume larger than that of the corroded steel, they crack the concrete. The use of more corrosion resistant alloys is one method of improving the durability of reinforced concrete structures. Conventional hot-dipped galvanized steel (HDG) is an economical alternative to black steel mainly because: the zinc coating has a higher chloride threshold and, when the bar eventually corrodes, it provides additional protection to the base steel through its sacrificial anode effect, its corrosion products are soluble and do not crack the concrete, and it forms a stable protective film even in low pH concrete. However, its major drawback is the brittle and less corrosion resistant (than pure Zn) Fe-Zn intermetallic compounds (IMC) formed in the coating. To remedy this, a ductile pure zinc coating produced by a continuously galvanizing process has recently been developed. Small amounts of aluminum are added to the zinc bath with the goal of forming an Fe-Al inhibition layer between the steel and the zinc coating. In this project, three prototypes of the continuously galvanized rebar (CGR) grades, C1, C2 and C3 were electrochemically assessed, using galvanostatic pulse (GP) and linear polarization resistance (LPR) techniques, to evaluate and compare the corrosion behaviour of these bars against HDG and black steel. A second goal of the project was to identify the characteristic electrochemical potentials of HDG steel and CGR coatings to provide similar guidelines to those provided by ASTM C876 for assessing the probability of corrosion of uncoated carbon steel rebar in the field. All bars were cast in both non-cracked and cracked concrete, and exposed to a multi-chloride brine solution locally available and used across Ontario, Canada. Metallographic examination performed on the galvanized bars showed the non-uniformity of all coatings, particularly the CGR grades - some regions which were significantly less than the specified thickness, and some others were too thin to be detected. The coating thickness on the tested HDG, C1 and C2, and C3 bars were in the range of 105 - 250 μm, 15 - 60 μm, 5 - 33 μm respectively. The aluminum content of the C3 bars, ~9%, was similar in range to "Galfan" steel. After weekly electrochemical testing for 64 weeks, the results showed that the C3 performed the same as black steel in both passive and active state. The C1 and C2 bars performed the same as HDG bars in the passive state and three to five times better than black steel in the active state. The HDG bars exhibited ten times better "corrosion performance" than black steel in both passive and active state. The time to corrosion initiation was not determined in the present project, as a result, "corrosion performance" is defined as the active corrosion rate after initiation. The electrochemical behaviour of galvanized bars has been attributed to their zinc thickness and/or the presence of significant aluminum content in the coatings. The corrosion product of the high Al containing bar, C3, appeared to affect the bonding between the bar and its concrete, which then negatively affected the electrochemical behaviour of the bar. To characterize the corrosion potentials of these galvanized bars, the passive and active corrosion potential values of all galvanized bars were in the range of -266 to -382 mV vs SCE and -345 to -686 mV vs SCE, respectively. Moreover, the HDG and C3 rebar grades are in the upper and lower end of the ranges, respectively. The potential guideline developed for accessing probability of corrosion of black steel in concrete suggests that when the potential is more positive than -335 mV vs SCE (or -410 mV CSE), there is low probability of corrosion, when it is more negative than -385 mV vs SCE (or 460 mV vs CSE), there is high probability of corrosion, and an uncertain region exists between these potentials.
Download or read book Corrosion in Reinforced Concrete Structures written by H Böhni and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-01-20 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reinforced concrete has the potential to be very durable and capable of withstanding a variety of adverse environmental conditions. However, failures in the structures do still occur as a result of premature reinforcement corrosion. In this authoritative book the fundamental aspects of this complex process are analysed; focusing on corrosion of the reinforcing steel, and looking particularly, at new scientific and technological developments. Monitoring techniques, including the newly developed online-monitoring, are examined, as well as the numerical methods used to simulate corrosion and perform parameter studies. The influence of composition and microstructure of concrete on corrosion behaviour is explored. The second half of the book, which deals with corrosion prevention methods, starts with a discussion on stainless steels as reinforcement materials. There are comprehensive reviews of the use of surface treatments and coatings, of the application of corrosion inhibitors and of the application of electrochemical techniques. In each case the necessary scientific fundamentals are explained and practical instances of use are looked at. This is an invaluable guide for engineers, materials scientists and researchers in the field of structural concrete. Fundamental aspects of corrosion in concrete are analysed in detail Explores how to minimise the effects of corrosion in concrete Invaluable guide for engineers, materials scientists and researchers in the field of structural concrete
Download or read book Evaluation of the Corrosion Behaviour of Continuously Galvanized Rebar written by Ibrahim Ogunsanya and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: De-icing/anti-icing salts used during the winter season are the major culprit in limiting the durability of reinforced concrete structures. The salts induce corrosion of rebar, by penetrating the concrete and breaking down the protective film formed on the steel in the high alkaline environment of the concrete. Since the corrosion products occupy a volume larger than that of the corroded steel, they crack the concrete. The use of more corrosion resistant alloys is one method of improving the durability of reinforced concrete structures. Conventional hot-dipped galvanized steel (HDG) is an economical alternative to black steel mainly because: the zinc coating has a higher chloride threshold and, when the bar eventually corrodes, it provides additional protection to the base steel through its sacrificial anode effect, its corrosion products are soluble and do not crack the concrete, and it forms a stable protective film even in low pH concrete. However, its major drawback is the brittle and less corrosion resistant (than pure Zn) Fe-Zn intermetallic compounds (IMC) formed in the coating. To remedy this, a ductile pure zinc coating produced by a continuously galvanizing process has recently been developed. Small amounts of aluminum are added to the zinc bath with the goal of forming an Fe-Al inhibition layer between the steel and the zinc coating. In this project, three prototypes of the continuously galvanized rebar (CGR) grades, C1, C2 and C3 were electrochemically assessed, using galvanostatic pulse (GP) and linear polarization resistance (LPR) techniques, to evaluate and compare the corrosion behaviour of these bars against HDG and black steel. A second goal of the project was to identify the characteristic electrochemical potentials of HDG steel and CGR coatings to provide similar guidelines to those provided by ASTM C876 for assessing the probability of corrosion of uncoated carbon steel rebar in the field. All bars were cast in both non-cracked and cracked concrete, and exposed to a multi-chloride brine solution locally available and used across Ontario, Canada. Metallographic examination performed on the galvanized bars showed the non-uniformity of all coatings, particularly the CGR grades - some regions which were significantly less than the specified thickness, and some others were too thin to be detected. The coating thickness on the tested HDG, C1 and C2, and C3 bars were in the range of 105 - 250 [mu]m, 15 - 60 [mu]m, 5 - 33 [mu]m respectively. The aluminum content of the C3 bars, ~9%, was similar in range to “Galfan” steel. After weekly electrochemical testing for 64 weeks, the results showed that the C3 performed the same as black steel in both passive and active state. The C1 and C2 bars performed the same as HDG bars in the passive state and three to five times better than black steel in the active state. The HDG bars exhibited ten times better “corrosion performance” than black steel in both passive and active state. The time to corrosion initiation was not determined in the present project, as a result, “corrosion performance” is defined as the active corrosion rate after initiation. The electrochemical behaviour of galvanized bars has been attributed to their zinc thickness and/or the presence of significant aluminum content in the coatings. The corrosion product of the high Al containing bar, C3, appeared to affect the bonding between the bar and its concrete, which then negatively affected the electrochemical behaviour of the bar. To characterize the corrosion potentials of these galvanized bars, the passive and active corrosion potential values of all galvanized bars were in the range of -266 to -382 mV vs SCE and -345 to -686 mV vs SCE, respectively. Moreover, the HDG and C3 rebar grades are in the upper and lower end of the ranges, respectively. The potential guideline developed for accessing probability of corrosion of black steel in concrete suggests that when the potential is more positive than -335 mV vs SCE (or -410 mV CSE), there is low probability of corrosion, when it is more negative than -385 mV vs SCE (or 460 mV vs CSE), there is high probability of corrosion, and an uncertain region exists between these potentials.
Download or read book The Anaerobic Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Concrete written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Research Opportunities in Corrosion Science and Engineering written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-01-27 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of corrosion science and engineering is on the threshold of important advances. Advances in lifetime prediction and technological solutions, as enabled by the convergence of experimental and computational length and timescales and powerful new modeling techniques, are allowing the development of rigorous, mechanistically based models from observations and physical laws. Despite considerable progress in the integration of materials by design into engineering development of products, corrosion considerations are typically missing from such constructs. Similarly, condition monitoring and remaining life prediction (prognosis) do not at present incorporate corrosion factors. Great opportunities exist to use the framework of these materials design and engineering tools to stimulate corrosion research and development to achieve quantitative life prediction, to incorporate state-of-the-art sensing approaches into experimentation and materials architectures, and to introduce environmental degradation factors into these capabilities. Research Opportunities in Corrosion Science and Engineering identifies grand challenges for the corrosion research community, highlights research opportunities in corrosion science and engineering, and posits a national strategy for corrosion research. It is a logical and necessary complement to the recently published book, Assessment of Corrosion Education, which emphasized that technical education must be supported by academic, industrial, and government research. Although the present report focuses on the government role, this emphasis does not diminish the role of industry or academia.
Download or read book Metals Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1999-04 with total page 972 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Corrosion Inhibitors for Steel in Concrete written by Bernhard Elsener and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of inhibitors for rehabilitation of reinforced concrete structures is a new field of application and this new volume provides a State of the Art Report on this subject. Corrosion of steel in concrete is one of the major problems for infrastructure such as bridges, tunnels, housing etc. since it leads to spalling of the concrete and loss in cross section of the steel that may cause structural and safety problems. The steel in concrete generally resists corrosion as a result of a passive layer that develops on the metal surface in the alkaline environment of the concrete. Corrosion can occur if these conditions are disturbed, for example, in the presence of chlorides or with carbonation of concrete. Traditional repair methods consist in removing the deteriorated concrete and replacing it but these can be laborious, noisy and very costly. To avoid these disadvantages new methods have been developed in recent years. These include electrochemical procedures and, increasingly, the use of inhibitors. The use of inhibitors for rehabilitation of reinforced concrete structures is a new field of application and this new volume provides a State of the Art Report on this subject.The report, under the editorship of Prof. Bernhard Elsener, was prepared by a Task Group of the EFC Working Party on Corrosion of Reinforcement in Concrete. In a literature review it describes inorganic and organic chemicals that have been proposed and examined as well as the commercial corrosion inhibitors that are available on the market. Protection mechanism and possible effects of inhibitors on concrete properties are described. Practical experience with inhibitors for steel in concrete and the long term effectiveness are considered. The various test methods for evaluating the behaviour of the inhibitors are described and critically assessed. In a rapidly evolving field this State of the Art Report, based mainly on independent not commercial literature, will be of value to corrosion engineers and civil engineers concerned with maintenance and repair of reinforced concrete structures.
