Download or read book MR Guided PET Image Restoration for Neurological Applications written by Marzieh S. Tahaei and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "PET and MR provide complementary information for diagnosis and treatment planning for patients as well as for studying the biological and pathological processes in the human brain. Therefore many PET studies are also coupled with MR imaging. PET images suffer from high noise and low spatial resolution compared to T1-weighted images. The main objective of this dissertation is to develop methods that use superior anatomical information inherent in the subject’s T1-weighted MR image to help reduce noise and improve spatial resolution in PET images.To this end, we first propose a PET reconstruction method in which the PET image is re-parameterized using patch-based basis functions, learned from the subject's T1-weighted MR image. Also, a reconstruction algorithm that imposes sparsity on the parameters is proposed and used to find a sparse set of coefficients for the MR-based basis functions. The results suggest that the proposed method can provide considerable improvement in the quality of reconstructed images compared to the standard penalized likelihood framework.Post reconstruction methods are of great interest in the analysis of PET data as they can be applied to large multicentre datasets in which raw measurement data is not available. Therefore, as the second objective of this dissertation, we develop a dual re-parameterization that restores PET images after they are reconstructed using a conventional method. This dual re-parameterization uses kernels extracted from the T1-weighted MR image without segmentation and the median filtered PET image to represent the restored image. An algorithm for estimating the coefficients of these basis functions is proposed. Moreover, a fast non-iterative method that uses guided filtering to restore PET images. The proposed methods are compared to other denoising methods and the results show improvement in the image quality in terms of the error within the brain and the bias and variance of PET-specific lesions.The accuracy of denoising and partial volume correction methods depends on the correct tuning of hyperparameters which are usually sensitive to the noise level and the amount of blurring in the image. For large multicentre datasets, this information may not be available. In this context, as the third objective of the thesis, a blind PET image restoration method is proposed. In the proposed framework, a deep neural network is trained on simulated PET images with different characteristics such as activity level, amount of smoothing, and the number of reconstruction iterations. Two models are trained, one with and one without a T1-weighted MR image as input. In addition, data inherent uncertainty is estimated in the proposed model. The resulting uncertainty map can be used to predict regions that may have a higher amount of error in the reconstructed image. The results of the test simulation data show significant improvement in image quality compared to the proposed guided filtering method. The application of the proposed method to real data shows promising generalizability across scanners and radiotracers"--

Download or read book Hybrid PET MR Neuroimaging written by Ana M. Franceschi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-30 with total page 848 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book serves as a reference and comprehensive guide for PET/MR neuroimaging. The field of PET/MR is rapidly evolving, however, there is no standard resource summarizing the vast information and its potential applications. This book will guide neurological molecular imaging applications in both clinical practice and the research setting. Experts from multiple disciplines, including radiologists, researchers, and physicists, have collaborated to bring their knowledge and expertise together. Sections begin by covering general considerations, including public health and economic implications, the physics of PET/MR systems, an overview of hot lab and cyclotron, and radiotracers used in neurologic PET/MRI. There is then coverage of each major disease/systemic category, including dementia and neurodegenerative disease, epilepsy localization, brain tumors, inflammatory and infectious CNS disorders, head and neck imaging, as well as vascular hybrid imaging. Together, we have created a thorough, concise and up-to-date textbook in a unique, user-friendly format. This is an ideal guide for neuroradiologists, nuclear medicine specialists, medical physicists, clinical trainees and researchers.

Download or read book Hybrid MR PET Imaging written by N Jon Shah and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2018-11-29 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The combination of two leading imaging techniques – magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography – is poised to have a large impact and has recently been a driver of research and clinical applications. The hybrid instrument is capable of acquiring both datasets simultaneously and this affords a number of advantages ranging from the obvious, two datasets acquired in the time required for one, through to novel applications. This book describes the basics of MRI and PET and then the technical issues and advantages involved in bringing together the two techniques. Novel applications in preclinical settings, human imaging and tracers are described. The book is for students and scientists entering the field of MR–PET with an MRI background but lacking PET or vice versa. It provides practical details from experts working in the area.

Download or read book PET MR Functional and Molecular Imaging of Neurological Diseases and Neurosciences written by Jie Lu and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-05-29 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book aims to summarize the research progress of integrated PET/MR brain function and molecular imaging, and more importantly, clinical application and research status of PET/MR of brain imaging from brain diseases to brain science. Starting from the overviews of brain function imaging technology, following chapters introduces clinical application of integrated PET/MR specific brain diseases in details, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and brain tumor, etc., which are hot issues of brain science research. It will be a useful reference to residents and practitioners in nuclear medicine, radiology, and neurology, as well as those interested in molecular imaging of brain.

Download or read book PET MRI written by Ignasi Carrio and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-09 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In compiling this textbook on the exciting novel imaging modality of PET/MRI, the editors have brought together a truly international group of experts in the field. The book is divided into two parts. The first part covers methodology and equipment and includes chapters on basic molecular medicine, contrast agents, MR attenuation and validation, and quantitative MRI and PET motion correction. The second part of the book focuses on clinical applications in oncology, cardiology, and neurology. Imaging of major neoplasms is covered in a series of individual chapters. Further chapters address functional and metabolic cardiovascular examinations and major central nervous system applications such as brain tumors and dementias. This book will be of interest to all radiologists and nuclear medicine physicians who wish to learn more about the latest developments in this important emerging imaging modality and its applications.

Download or read book Clinical PET MRI written by Onofrio Antonio Catalano and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-09-07 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinical PET/MR presents the state-of-the-art of PET/MR, guiding the reader from how to scan patients, how to read and report the studies, and how keep an eye on what is clinically relevant for a patient’s care. Each chapter starts with the clinical scenario and then moves to pertinent imaging, addressing the need of a clinical PET/MR book written by world experts in both clinical and imaging fields. It discusses the clinical application of PET/MR in diverse subspecialties such as head and neck, neurology, cardiovascular, pediatrics, chest, bone, hematology, breast, hepatobiliary pancreatic, genitourinary, gynecology, and gastrointestinal tract. This book is a valuable resource for radiologists, oncologists and members of the biomedical field who need to learn more about clinical applications of PET/MR. Presents a description of robust acquisition protocols to teach readers how to scan PET/MR patients, from tracers to sequences Provides a clinical background section in each chapter to help readers focus on the real clinical issues that need to be addressed in the medical report Written by world authorities in the field in a didactic manner to describe the real status of imaging

Download or read book PET CT and PET MRI in Neurology written by Andrea Ciarmiello and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-26 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using SWOT analysis, this book examines in detail the strengths and weaknesses of the hybrid modalities PET-CT and PET-MRI for imaging of the central nervous system, comparing their merits and evaluating their advantages over the stand-alone modalities. The aim is to employ a truly systematic approach in order to define the potential clinical benefit of these modalities and to identify shortcomings, opportunities, and threats. Clinical application of the modalities is explored in a range of conditions, including dementia and related disorders, movement disorders, psychiatric disorders, cerebrovascular disease, infection/inflammation, brain tumors, and pediatric neurologic disorders. In addition, the basics of hybrid imaging are addressed, covering physics, instrumentation, data analysis and quantitation, radiopharmaceuticals, and contrast media. PET-CT and PET-MRI in Neurology, written by experts from Europe and the United States, will be essential reading for imaging specialists and of value for neurologists, psychiatrists, neurosurgeons, and pediatricians.

Download or read book A Four dimensional Image Reconstruction Framework for PET Under Arbitrary Geometries written by Aswin John Mathews and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a functional imaging modality with applications ranging from the treatment of cancer, studying neurological diseases and disease models. Virtual-Pinhole PET technology improves the image quality in terms of resolution and contrast recovery. The technology calls for having a detector with smaller crystals placed near a region of interest in a conventional whole-body PET scanner. The improvement is from the higher spatial sampling of the imaging area near the detector. A prototype half-ring PET insert built to study head-and-neck cancer imaging was extended to breast cancer imaging. We have built a prototype half-ring PET insert for head-and-neck cancer imaging applications. In the first half of this work, we extend the use of the insert to breast imaging and show that such a system provides high resolution images of breast and axillary lymph nodes while maintaining the full imaging field of view capability of a clinical PET scanner. We are focused on designing unconventional PET geometries for specific applications. A general purpose 4D PET reconstruction framework was created to estimate the radionuclide uptake in the subject. Quantitative estimation in PET requires precise modeling of PET physics. Data acquired in a PET scanner is well modeled as a Poisson counting process. Reconstruction given the forward model is implemented using MAP-OSEM. The framework is capable of reconstructing PET data under arbitrary position of the detector elements and different crystal sizes. A novel symmetry finding algorithm is created to reduce the system matrix size, without loss of resolution. The framework motivates investigation into different PET system geometries for different applications, as well as optimizing the design of PET systems. A generalized normalization procedure was developed to model unknown components. The programs are parallelized using OpenMP and MPI to run on small workstations as well as super-computing clusters. The performance of our reconstruction framework is presented through four novel and unconventional PET systems, each designed specifically for a different geometry. The Virtual-Pinhole half-ring system is a half-ring insert integrated into a Siemens Biograph-40, for head and neck imaging. The Flat-panel system is a modular insert system integrated into the Biograph-40, designed for breast cancer imaging. The MicroInsert II is the second generation full ring insert device, integrated into the MicroPET scanner to improve the resolution and contrast recovery of the MicroPET scanner. The Plant PET system is a PET system designed to image plants vertically, and integrated into a plant growth chamber. The improvement in speed/memory from symmetry finding is as high as a factor of 50 in some cases. Further improvements to the framework and state of the field are also discussed.

Download or read book PET MR Imaging written by Rajesh Gupta and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-02 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an overview of the clinical applications of PET/MR imaging through a case-based format. Hybrid PET/MRI provides functional and anatomical information via one setting offering superior imaging quality with lower radiation dose being administered to the patient. The cases in this book focus on the use of this technique in the diagnosis of oncologic, neurologic, cardiovascular, infectious and inflammatory, and pediatric diseases. Each case is presented with the patient history, protocols, interpretation of findings, and pearls and pitfalls accompanied by high quality PET/MR images. The major strength of this book is the discussion of both MRI and PET findings pertinent to each particular case. It expands the discussion of oncologic applications of this modality through a variety of cases that highlight staging, treatment response, and follow up. Illustrating a spectrum of PET/MRI clinical applications, PET/MR Imaging: A Case-Based Approach is a valuable resource for radiologists, nuclear medicine physicians, and residents.

Download or read book Efficient Processing of Deep Neural Networks written by Vivienne Sze and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a structured treatment of the key principles and techniques for enabling efficient processing of deep neural networks (DNNs). DNNs are currently widely used for many artificial intelligence (AI) applications, including computer vision, speech recognition, and robotics. While DNNs deliver state-of-the-art accuracy on many AI tasks, it comes at the cost of high computational complexity. Therefore, techniques that enable efficient processing of deep neural networks to improve key metrics—such as energy-efficiency, throughput, and latency—without sacrificing accuracy or increasing hardware costs are critical to enabling the wide deployment of DNNs in AI systems. The book includes background on DNN processing; a description and taxonomy of hardware architectural approaches for designing DNN accelerators; key metrics for evaluating and comparing different designs; features of DNN processing that are amenable to hardware/algorithm co-design to improve energy efficiency and throughput; and opportunities for applying new technologies. Readers will find a structured introduction to the field as well as formalization and organization of key concepts from contemporary work that provide insights that may spark new ideas.

Download or read book MRI guided PET Image Reconstruction by the Kernel Method written by Will Adrian Hutchcroft and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis extends the kernel method that was proposed previously for dynamic PET reconstruction, to incorporate anatomical side information into the PET reconstruction model. In contrast to existing methods that incorporate anatomical information using a maximum a posteriori (MAP) framework, the proposed method incorporates this information in the simpler maximum likelihood (ML) formulation. The new method also does not require any segmentation of the anatomical image to obtain edge information. We compare the kernel method with the Bowsher method for anatomically-aided PET image reconstruction through a simulated data set. Computer simulations demonstrate that the kernel method offers advantages over the Bowsher method in region of interest (ROI) quantification. Additionally the kernel method is applied to a 3D patient data set. The kernel method results in reduced noise at a matched contrast level compared with the conventional ML expectation maximization (EM) algorithm.

Download or read book Functional Neuroradiology written by Scott H. Faro and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-05-23 with total page 1502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new edition fully updates and expands Faro and Mohamed’s Functional Neuroradiology, a gold standard, comprehensive introduction to the state-of-the-art functional imaging in neuroradiology, including the physical principles and clinical applications of Diffusion, Perfusion, Permeability, MR spectroscopy, Positron Emission Tomography, BOLD fMRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging. With chapters written by internationally distinguished neuroradiologists, neurologists, psychiatrists, cognitive neuroscientists, and physicists, Functional Neuroradiology is divided into 12 major sections, including: Diffusion and Perfusion Imaging, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Imaging, Multi-Modality Functional Neuroradiology, BOLD Functional MRI, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, Presurgical Brain Tumor Mapping, Emerging neuroimaging techniques, Functional Spine and Hydrocephalus imaging, and Neuroanatomical Gray and White matter Brain Atlases. This second edition is fully updated throughout and includes more than 15 new chapters on topics such as: Brain tumor Radiogenomics, CNS Tumor Surveillance and Functional MR Perfusion Imaging, CNS Machine Learning, Focused Ultrasound therapy, TBI Sports Related Injury, and CNS Lymphatic system. By offering readers a complete overview of functional imaging modalities and techniques currently used in patient diagnosis and management, as well as emerging technology, Functional Neuroradiology is a vital information source for physicians and cognitive neuroscientists involved in daily practice and research.

Download or read book Hybrid PET MR Imaging an Issue of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Clinics of North America written by Weili Lin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-05-28 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue of MRI Clinics of North America focuses on Imaging of the PET/MR Imaging, and articles will include: Principles of PET/MR Imaging; Attenuation Correction of PET/MR Imaging; MR-Derived Improvements in PET Imaging; Neurological Applications of PET/MR; Oncological Applications of PET/MR Imaging on the Head and Neck; Oncological Applications of PET/MR Imaging on GYN/GU; PET/MR Imaging of Multiple Myeloma; Pediatric Nuances of PET/MR Imaging; Cardiac Applications of PET/MR Imaging; Logistics and Practical Considerations of MR Coils for PET/MR; Integration of PET/MR Hybrid Imaging into Radiation Therapy Treatment; Practical Clinical Considerations of PET/MR; Incremental value of FDG PET/MR in Assessment of Rectal Cancer, and more!

Download or read book PET MRI Advances in Instrumentation and Quantitative Procedures An Issue of PET Clinics E Book written by Habib Zaidi and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2016-04-05 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue of PET Clinics focuses on PET/MRI: Advances in Instrumentation and Quantitative Procedures. Articles will include: Advances in clinical PET/MRI instrumentation; Magnetic resonance imaging-guided attenuation correction of positron emission tomography data in PET/MRI; Magnetic resonance imaging-guided partial volume correction of positron emission tomography data in PET/MRI; Magnetic resonance imaging-guided derivation of the input function for PET kinetic modeling; Innovations in small-animal PET/MRI instrumentation; Dual-modal PET/MRI molecular imaging probes; Magnetic resonance imaging-guided motion compensation of positron emission tomography data in PET/MRI; Attenuation correction for MR coils in combined PET/MR imaging; and more!

Download or read book PET Imaging An Issue of Radiologic Clinics of North America E Book written by Jonathan E. Mcconathy and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2021-08-18 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this issue of Radiologic Clinics, Guest Editors Jonathan E. McConathy and Samuel J. Galgano bring their considerable expertise to the topic of PET Imaging. Top experts in the field cover key topics such as PET Imaging for lung cancer, breast cancer, melanoma, and more. Provides in-depth, clinical reviews on PET Imaging, providing actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field; Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create these timely topic-based reviews. Contains 13 relevant, practice-oriented topics including PET Imaging for hematologic malignancies, neuroendocrine tumors, prostate and genitourinary cancers, and more.

Download or read book A Positron Emission Tomography PET Neuro Insert for Combined PET magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Peter Demetri Olcott and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The simultaneous acquisition of PET and MRI data shows promise to provide powerful capabilities to study disease processes in human subjects, guide the development of novel treatments, and monitor therapy response and disease progression. A brain-size PET detector ring insert for an MRI system is being developed that, if successful, can be inserted into any existing MRI system to enable simultaneous PET and MRI images of the brain to be acquired without mutual interference. The PET insert uses electro-optical coupling to relay all the signals from the PET detectors out of the MRI system using analog modulated lasers coupled to fiber optics. Because the fibers use light instead of electrical signals, the PET detector can be decoupled from the MRI making it partially transparent to the RF field of the MRI. Also, the number of laser-fiber channels in the system was reduced using techniques adapted from the field of compressed sensing. Using the fact that incoming PET data is sparse in time and space, electronic circuits implementing constant weight codes uniquely encode the detector signals in order to reduce the number of electro-optical readout channels by greater than 8-fold. Two out of a total of sixteen electro-optical detector modules have been built and tested with the entire RF-shielded detector gantry for the PET ring insert. The two detectors have been tested outside and inside of a 3T MRI system to study mutual interference effects and simultaneous performance with MRI. Preliminary results show that the PET insert is feasible for high resolution simultaneous PET/MRI imaging for applications in the brain.

Download or read book Improving PET Image Quality by System Modeling Anatomical Information and Geometry Design written by Kuang Gong and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a functional imaging modality widely used in oncology, cardiology, and neuroscience. Though PET has high specificity and sensitivity compared with other imaging modalities, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of PET image is still low due to the limits in the spatial resolution and number of coincidence-photons detected during a given scan time. This thesis focuses on improving PET image quality by developing new methods for accurate system modeling and incorporating anatomical information from MR (Magnetic Resonance), and novel geometry design. The first part of the thesis develops a new method for system modeling. An accurate system matrix is essential in PET for reconstructing high quality images. For PET scanners with a long axial field of view (FOV), inter-crystal penetration and scatters not only result in radial elongation, but also reduce axial resolution and four-dimensional blurring kernels are needed to model the sinogram blurring. Estimation of the 4D axial-variant sinogram blurring matrix is an ill-conditioned problem due to the large number of unknowns. Here we propose a rank-one approximation for each row of the sinogram blurring matrix to improve the stability of the axial-variant blurring matrix estimation. The second part focus on incorporating prior information into PET denoising and reconstruction. With the recent development of combined PET/MR systems, we can improve the PET image quality by including MR information. Here we combine both the PET and MRI information to improve the quality of dynamic PET reconstruction. We examined different approaches to combine the PET and MRI information in kernel learning to address the issue of potential mismatches between MRI and PET signals. The proposed method is applied to direct reconstruction for both linear and nonlinear models. Apart from prior MR information, prior patients' high count data can also be used to improve PET image quality through the deep neural network framework as shown in this work. Finally, to improve the sensitivity of PET imaging, we study novel PET scanner geometries. Here we focus on brain imaging applications and propose a compact 'helmet' design based on the analysis of different system designs. As the proposed geometry has irregular geometry, system modeling based on multi-ray-on-the-fly calculation is used. Results show that the proposed geometry can achieve four-fold higher sensitivity and also resolve smaller features than existing cylindrical brain PET scanners.