Download or read book Moving the Shared Memory Closer to the Processors DDM written by Erik Hagersten and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "Multiprocessors with shared memory are considered more general and easier to program than message-passing machines. The scalability is, however, in favor of the latter. There are a number of proposals showing how the poor scalability of shared memory multiprocessors can be improved by the introduction of private caches attached to the processors. These caches are kept consistent with each other by cache- coherence protocols. In this paper we introduce a new class of architectures called Cache Only Memory Architectures (COMA). These architectures provide the programming paradigm of the shared-memory architectures, but are believed to be more scalable. COMAs have no physically shared memory; instead, the caches attached to the processors contain all the memory in the system, and their size is therefore large. A datum is allowed to be in any or many of the caches, and will automatically be moved to where it is needed by a cache-coherence protocol, which also ensures that the last copy of a datum is never lost. The location of a datum in the machine is completely decoupled from its address. We also introduce one example of COMA: the Data Diffusion Machine (DDM). The DDM is based on a hierarchical network structure, with processor/memory pairs at its tips. Remote accesses generally cause only a limited amount of traffic over a limited part of the machine. The architecture is scalable in that there can be any number of levels in the hierarchy, and that the root bus of the hierarchy can be implemented by several buses, increasing the bandwidth."
Download or read book Automatic Parallelization written by Christoph W. Kessler and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Distributed-memory multiprocessing systems (DMS), such as Intel's hypercubes, the Paragon, Thinking Machine's CM-5, and the Meiko Computing Surface, have rapidly gained user acceptance and promise to deliver the computing power required to solve the grand challenge problems of Science and Engineering. These machines are relatively inexpensive to build, and are potentially scalable to large numbers of processors. However, they are difficult to program: the non-uniformity of the memory which makes local accesses much faster than the transfer of non-local data via message-passing operations implies that the locality of algorithms must be exploited in order to achieve acceptable performance. The management of data, with the twin goals of both spreading the computational workload and minimizing the delays caused when a processor has to wait for non-local data, becomes of paramount importance. When a code is parallelized by hand, the programmer must distribute the program's work and data to the processors which will execute it. One of the common approaches to do so makes use of the regularity of most numerical computations. This is the so-called Single Program Multiple Data (SPMD) or data parallel model of computation. With this method, the data arrays in the original program are each distributed to the processors, establishing an ownership relation, and computations defining a data item are performed by the processors owning the data.
Download or read book Scalable Shared Memory Multiprocessing written by Daniel E. Lenoski and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-06-28 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Lenoski and Dr. Weber have experience with leading-edge research and practical issues involved in implementing large-scale parallel systems. They were key contributors to the architecture and design of the DASH multiprocessor. Currently, they are involved with commercializing scalable shared-memory technology.
Download or read book DDM written by Erik Hagersten and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "The long latencies introduced by remote accesses in a large multiprocessor can be hidden by caching. Caching also decreases the network load. We introduce a new class of architectures called Cache Only Memory Architectures (COMA). These architectures provide the programming paradigm of the shared-memory architectures, but have no physically shared memory; instead, the caches attached to the processors contain all the memory in the system, and their size is therefore large. A datum is allowed to be in any or many of the caches, and will automatically be moved to where it is needed by a cache-coherence protocol, which also ensures that the last copy of a datum is never lost. The location of a datum in the machine is completely decoupled from its address. We also introduce one example of COMA: the Data Diffusion Machine (DDM), and its simulated performance for large applications. The DDM is based on a hierarchical network structure, with processor/memory pairs at its tips. Remote accesses generally cause only a limited amount of traffic over a limited part of the machine."
Download or read book A Performance Study of the DDM written by Erik Hagersten and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: "Large-scale multiprocessors suffer from long latencies for remote accesses. Caching is by far the most popular technique for hiding such delays. Caching not only hides the delay, but also decreases the network load. Cache-Only Memory Architectures (COMA), have no physically shared memory. Instead, all the memory resources are invested in caches, resulting in caches of the largest possible size. A datum has no home, and is moved by a protocol between the caches, according to its usage. It might exist in multiple caches. Even though no shared memory exists, the architecture still provides the shared memory view to a programmer. Simulation results from large programs running on 64 processors indicate that the COMA adapts well to existing programs for shared memory. They also show that an application with a poor locality can benefit by adopting to the COMA principle of no home for data, resulting in a reduced execution time of a factor three. In a COMA, a large majority of the misses are invalidation misses, or share misses caused by write-once/read-many behavior, or a producer-consumer relation, i.e. would benefit from write broadcast. A new protocol is proposed that behaves like a write-invalidate protocol by default for all data. A reader can detect its need for a write-broadcast behavior for a datum, which it enables by sending a subscribe request for the datum to the writer."
Download or read book Distributed Shared Memory written by Jelica Protic and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1997-08-10 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers present in this text survey both distributed shared memory (DSM) efforts and commercial DSM systems. The book discusses relevant issues that make the concept of DSM one of the most attractive approaches for building large-scale, high-performance multiprocessor systems. The authors provide a general introduction to the DSM field as well as a broad survey of the basic DSM concepts, mechanisms, design issues, and systems. The book concentrates on basic DSM algorithms, their enhancements, and their performance evaluation. In addition, it details implementations that employ DSM solutions at the software and the hardware level. This guide is a research and development reference that provides state-of-the art information that will be useful to architects, designers, and programmers of DSM systems.
Download or read book Euro Par 2005 Parallel Processing written by José C. Cunha and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-08-18 with total page 1311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Euro-Par 2005 was the eleventh conference in the Euro-Par series. It was organized by the Centre for Informatics and Information Technology (CITI) and the Department of Informatics of the Faculty of Science and Technology of Universidade Nova de Lisboa, at the Campus of Monte de Caparica.
Download or read book Proceedings of the 1995 International Conference on Parallel Processing written by Prithviraj Banerjee and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1995-08-08 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This set of technical books contains all the information presented at the 1995 International Conference on Parallel Processing. This conference, held August 14 - 18, featured over 100 lectures from more than 300 contributors, and included three panel sessions and three keynote addresses. The international authorship includes experts from around the globe, from Texas to Tokyo, from Leiden to London. Compiled by faculty at the University of Illinois and sponsored by Penn State University, these Proceedings are a comprehensive look at all that's new in the field of parallel processing.
Download or read book Multiprocessor Performance Measurement and Evaluation written by Laxmi N. Bhuyan and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Cache coherence Problem in Shared memory Multiprocessors written by Milo Tomašević and published by Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers(IEEE). This book was released on 1993 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A tutorial on the nature of the cache coherence problem and the wide variety of proposed hardware solutions currently available. A number of the most important papers in this field are included within seven sections: introductory issues; memory reference characteristics of parallel programs; directo
Download or read book Parallel Processing and the Future Data Center written by Daniel Schutzer and published by Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. This book was released on 1994 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Philosophy. Poetry. "Reading Magnus's HERACLITEAN PRIDE, one is reminded of Fragment 115: 'To the soul belongs a Logos that increases itself.' Magnus's approach increases the logos, and through that increase fashions perspectives from which to engage Heraclitus' philosophy. His is not a traditional interpretation but a journey that is simultaneously a piercing through. In that respect, Magnus's account truly combines two meanings of 'traversing' to fashion a standpoint of plenitude. I believe his success in thus traversing stems from a powerful and daring insight about Heraclitus: 'Previous analyses and impact don't constitute its history, it's not over.' For Magnus, the philosophy of Heraclitus is not over. Instead, he relates to Heraclitus in the moment when Heraclitus touches Magnus's own Logos and thus Magnus overcomes the danger against which Heraclitus warns in Fragment 72, for Magnus's account is never separated from that with which he is most in contact. This work is essential reading for serious inquiry into the great Sage from Ephesus."—Anne Ashbaugh, Chair, Philosophy and Religious Studies, Towson University
Download or read book Computer Systems Science Engineering written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Memory Systems written by Bruce Jacob and published by Morgan Kaufmann. This book was released on 2010-07-28 with total page 1017 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is your memory hierarchy stopping your microprocessor from performing at the high level it should be? Memory Systems: Cache, DRAM, Disk shows you how to resolve this problem. The book tells you everything you need to know about the logical design and operation, physical design and operation, performance characteristics and resulting design trade-offs, and the energy consumption of modern memory hierarchies. You learn how to to tackle the challenging optimization problems that result from the side-effects that can appear at any point in the entire hierarchy.As a result you will be able to design and emulate the entire memory hierarchy. - Understand all levels of the system hierarchy -Xcache, DRAM, and disk. - Evaluate the system-level effects of all design choices. - Model performance and energy consumption for each component in the memory hierarchy.
Download or read book Embedded Memory Design for Multi Core and Systems on Chip written by Baker Mohammad and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the various tradeoffs systems designers face when designing embedded memory. Readers designing multi-core systems and systems on chip will benefit from the discussion of different topics from memory architecture, array organization, circuit design techniques and design for test. The presentation enables a multi-disciplinary approach to chip design, which bridges the gap between the architecture level and circuit level, in order to address yield, reliability and power-related issues for embedded memory.
Download or read book IBM Power Systems SR IOV Technical Overview and Introduction written by Scott Vetter and published by IBM Redbooks. This book was released on 2017-01-12 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This IBM® RedpaperTM publication describes the adapter-based virtualization capabilities that are being deployed in high-end IBM POWER7+TM processor-based servers. Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe) single root I/O virtualization (SR-IOV) is a virtualization technology on IBM Power Systems servers. SR-IOV allows multiple logical partitions (LPARs) to share a PCIe adapter with little or no run time involvement of a hypervisor or other virtualization intermediary. SR-IOV does not replace the existing virtualization capabilities that are offered as part of the IBM PowerVM® offerings. Rather, SR-IOV compliments them with additional capabilities. This paper describes many aspects of the SR-IOV technology, including: A comparison of SR-IOV with standard virtualization technology Overall benefits of SR-IOV Architectural overview of SR-IOV Planning requirements SR-IOV deployment models that use standard I/O virtualization Configuring the adapter for dedicated or shared modes Tips for maintaining and troubleshooting your system Scenarios for configuring your system This paper is directed to clients, IBM Business Partners, and system administrators who are involved with planning, deploying, configuring, and maintaining key virtualization technologies.
Download or read book Mini micro Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1982-07 with total page 1972 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cache and Memory Hierarchy Design written by Steven A. Przybylski and published by Morgan Kaufmann. This book was released on 1990 with total page 1017 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A widely read and authoritative book for hardware and software designers. This innovative book exposes the characteristics of performance-optimal single- and multi-level cache hierarchies by approaching the cache design process through the novel perspective of minimizing execution time.
