Download or read book Movements and Habitat Use of Female Roosevelt Elk in Relation to Human Disturbance on the Hoko and Dickey Game Management Units Washington written by Jason Tevis Storlie and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Wildlife Research written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Distribution and Quality of Forage in Relation to Habitat Use of Female Roosevelt Elk in Managed Forests of the Olympic Peninsula Washington written by Kristina L. Boyd and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Home Range and Habitat Use by Roosevelt Elk in Olympic National Park Washington written by Kurt Jeffrey Jenkins and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research provides information on the distribution of an unexploited Roosevelt elk population in unaltered habitat in Olympic National Park. Radio-telemetry was used to document home range and habitat use by 11 adult cow elk in the Hoh Valley during March 1978, from 10 June-15 September 1978, and from 1 January-20 March 1979. That information provides a baseline for comparison with managed herds adjacent to the park and identification of long term changes in the distribution of elk in the Hoh Valley. Four groups of cow elk were identified in the study area. Cow groups were stable; elk within a group used a common home range and were highly associated. Home ranges of elk from adjacent groups overlapped but there was no permanent interchange of collared elk between groups during the period of study. There was no significant difference between mean summer and mean winter home range size; however, summer home range was larger than winter home range in five, of seven, comparisons. Average home range area of collared elk was 1034 ha during summer and 1003 ha during winter. Daily movement of elk was greater during summer than during winter; minimum daily movement distance averaged 843 m during summer and 676 m during winter. Movement of cow elk with newly born calves in June was considerably less than movement of elk without calves. The habitat use of radio-equipped elk was studied in relation to 13 habitat units on national park land and 11 units on non-park land. Collared elk were found primarily in habitat units on the valley floor during both seasons, although there was seasonal variation in the use of those units. Elk were least selective of habitat during winter, most selective during late winter and moderately selective during summer. Alder flats were selected by each collared elk during late winter and were identified as important elk habitat in the Hoh Valley because use of such areas was prevalent during a nutritionally important time of year for cow elk. Other patterns of habitat use were discussed in relation to thermal and nutritional characteristics of the watershed.

Download or read book Habitat Use by Roosevelt Elk in Relation to Roads on the Olympic Peninsula written by Craig A. Hansen and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Seasonal Movements and Distribution of Migratory Roosevelt Elk in the Olympic Mountains Washington written by Gregory L. Schroer and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seasonal movements, home ranges, core areas and habitat use patterns of hunted, migratory Roosevelt elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti) were investigated on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington. Radio telemetry was used to obtain more than 3,100 locations of 9 elk from May 1984 - March 1985, and November - December, 1985. Radio-collared elk were in 2 herds that migrated approximately 32 km, and 1500 m in elevation, between winter ranges at sea level to summer ranges at timberline. Migratory routes primarily were in riparian areas on narrow valley floors. Home ranges were largest during late autumn ([x-bar] = 43.1 square km) and smallest during summer ([x-bar] = 5.9 square km). Minimum daily movements of elk followed a similar seasonal pattern and were largest during late autumn ([x-bar] = 1119 m) and smallest during summer ([x-bar] = 602 m). Core areas in summer and rutting seasons occurred in subalpine parklands among precipitous, rocky ridges. Core areas during winter and calving seasons were primarily on the valley floors and lower portions of valley walls, areas that also have the greatest degree of human development. Elk used areas less than 300 m from residences and paved roads in winter core areas primarily at night. In addition, distances of elk from paved roads and residences were significantly greater during day-time hours, which was also the period with the greatest amount of motor vehicle traffic. In summer and rutting seasons, elk selected subalpine parkland habitats, and used coniferous forests in proportions less than expected on the basis of availability. In winter, deciduous and deciduous/coniferous forests were used in greater proportions than expected, whereas coniferous forests (

Download or read book Movements Habitat Use and Activity Patterns of a Translocated Group of Roosevelt Elk written by Matthew McCoy and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Habitat Use by Roosevelt Elk in Unmanaged Forests of the Hoh Valley Washington written by K. J. Jenkins and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Seasonal Movements and Habitat Use of Migratory Elk in Mount Rainier National Park written by Kevin Craig Cooper and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seasonal movements, habitat use, home range selection, and group interactions of Roosevelt elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti) were studied in the upper White River watershed in west-central Washington. Over 2000 locations of 14 elk were recorded by radio-telemetry from April 1983 to December 1984. During winter, two herds used clearcut lands near the mouth of the West Fork of the White River (about 610m MSL). One herd migrated four km to a clearcut spring range at 1070m MSL, whereas the other remained on the winter range during spring. Both herds migrated 15 km up river corridors to subalpine parklands within Mount Rainier National Park where they remained from July to October. A third herd wintered in unmanaged old-growth forest within Mount Rainier National Park along bottomlands of the White River Valley (915m MSL). That herd then moved 5-10 km upriver toward summer range during June, and arrived on subalpine summer range the first week in July. All herds migrated back to winter ranges via river corridors following heavy snowfall on November 15, 1983 and October 15, 1984. Winter ranges of elk in both the managed and unmanaged segments of the study area were oriented along the valley floodplain. Consequently, ranges of elk in the managed forest contained greater proportions of old-clearcuts (12-30 years) and alder habitats (which occurred primarily on the floodplains) than existed in the valley. Preferred old-clearcut habitats contained a mosaic of dense, regenerating douglas-fir interspersed with open-canopied foraging areas. Old-growth and young clearcuts, which were located primarily on upland sites, were underrepresented in elk home ranges compared to their availability in the valley. Elk were generally unselective of habitats within the home range. On the spring range of one herd, mid-age clearcuts (4-12 years) and young clearcuts (0-4 years) occurred in a greater proportions than in the valley. Preferred habitats contained many mesic seeps and draws. Spring range in the unmanaged forests consisted of old-growth valley bottom habitats. Habitat preferences of elk varied between two summer ranges within Mount Rainier National Park. In general, elk preferred open subalpine forests, Abies lasiocarpa/Valeriana sitchensis habitat, and alder slide habitats. Additionally, Dry Grass, and Lush-low Herbaceous habitats tended to be used in proportions greater than availability.

Download or read book Evaluation of Movements and Habitat Use of Elk in the Southern Black Hills 1980 1986 written by Leslie A. Rice and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Elk Movements Habitat Use and Population Dynamics in Theodore Roosevelt National Park written by Jerry A. Westfall and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Evaluation of Movements and Habitat Use of Elk in the Black Hills South Dakota written by Leslie A. Rice and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Habitat Use by Female Roosevelt Elk in the Oregon Coast Range written by G. W. Witmer and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Seasonal Movements Habitat Use Patterns and the Effects of Human Disturbances on Elk in Custer State Park South Dakota written by Joshua J. Millspaugh and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Elk Movements Habitat Use and the Effects of Hunting Activity on Elk Behavior Near Gunnison Colorado written by Kevin Lynn Wright and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Roosevelt Elk Habitat Use in the Oregon Coast Range written by Gary William Witmer and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Daily and seasonal habitat use by Roosevelt elk was investigated in the Oregon Coast Range on managed, public forestland. Over 3,700 locations of 6 radio-collared cow elk were recorded during 12 consecutive months. Two elk formed part of a north band and 4 elk were part of a south band. Home ranges for elk bands were mutually exclusive and enclosed areas of 400 ha or less each season. Heavily used central cores of activity comprised a small portion of the total home range. Seasonal home ranges of a given band overlapped substantially and were largest in calving and summer seasons. Cow elk of a given band were most often associated with one another during spring, rut and winter seasons and were otherwise more dispersed. Elk exhibited preferences for old-growth forest and hardwood stands over mixed forest and dense, young conifer stands. Brushy clearcuts were utilized more than new clearcuts for foraging. Use of new clearcuts increased in winter. Elk preferred southerly aspects throughout the year, avoided roads (especially paved roads), and did not venture far from forest/clearcut edges. During calving season, cow elk spent more time in cover and utilized areas that were characteristically of lower elevation, gentler slope, greater seclusion and were closer to water than the rest of the year. Elk appeared unaffected by weather during the mild winter of the study and sought out cover during warmer periods of the day during all seasons. A consistent daily pattern of habitat use was for elk to forage on brushy clearcuts during early and late daylight hours and to retreat to an old-growth stand to bed and/or loaf through the midday period The pattern of several hours of activity followed by several of inactivity appeared to extend through the night, although elk were less active at night. Cover use, especially of dense, young, second-growth stands, increased and movement decreased during the hunting season. Despite variability in seasonal and individual elk habitat use, discriminant analyses suggested that cover types, adjacent cover types and aspects were the most promising of the parameters measured for the prediction of habitat use patterns of Roosevelt elk. Recommendations are proposed for the effective integration of management for elk and other forest resources.

Download or read book Initial Movements and Disturbance Response of a Newly Reintroduced Elk Herd in the Missouri Ozarks written by Amy Bleisch and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Initial movements of reintroduced wildlife populations can determine shortterm restoration success. Managers need ways to encourage animals to exhibit high release site fidelity so that they can mitigate suboptimal breeding, reduce mortality rates, and minimize human-wildlife conflicts that are sometimes associated with low site fidelity. We studied initial movement ecology of adult and yearling elk (Cervus elaphus) reintroduced to the Missouri Ozarks in 2011 (n=32), 2012 (n=21), and 2013 (n=31) for the initial 6 months post-release. All released elk were fitted with GPS collars which obtained locations at 2-5 hour intervals. We assessed maximum displacement from the release site, range shifts, movement rates, and range size across 4 sequential time frames (0-10 days, 11-31 days, 32-62 days, and 62-183 days) for animals surviving the study duration. We fit repeated measures mixed models to assess the effects of sex, age, calf-rearing status, release site, and release year on movement responses. Elk acclimated to their environment in discrete phases, including 1) immediate departure from the release site and elevated movement rates, followed by 2) establishing a home range and gradually expanding their range using previously used area. Individual maximum distances from the release site were stable for 0-61 days, and somewhat higher for 62-183 days. Compared to other restorations in eastern North America, site fidelity was high, with maximum distance from the release site 62-183 days post-release ≤10 km for 94% of 2011 animals, 57% of 2012 animals, and 97% of 2013 animals. The speed of elk movements declined slightly 10-61 days post-release, but were 30% higher in the last time frame. The average speed of individual elk across all time frames was 0.080±0.024 km per hour in the 2011 release group (n=32), 0.101±0.026 km per hour in 2012 release groups (n=21), and 0.091±0.025 in the 2013 release group (n=31). Elk range sizes were similar for 0-61 days post-release and approximately twice as high for 62-183 days post-release. Even so, elk range sizes during 61-183 days post-release were small, averaging 17.6±5.4 km2 in the 2011 release group (n=32), 39.9±42.8 km2 in the 2012 release groups (n=21), and 13.9±17.2 for year 3 elk (n=31). The average range overlap for individual elk in sequential time periods was 0.230±0.320 (n=32) in 2011, 0.290±0.323 (n=21) in 2012, and 0.26±0.24 in 2013 (n=31). Release site had the greatest influence on initial movements; one site used in 2012 was associated with higher release site displacement and range sizes. These results may be due to habitat differences, presence of conspecifics, and variation in demography between release groups. High site fidelity overall and small home ranges in elk recently restored to Missouri may be attributed to soft release, suitable habitat, and minimal human disturbance. Although wildlife reintroductions are often intended to provide the public with recreational opportunities, human disturbance at the release site may compromise the reintroduction effort. Animals that are disturbed may demonstrate reduced reproduction and survival. Further, if disturbance causes animals to abandon the release site, human-wildlife conflict may result. We studied the response of reintroduced Missouri elk (Cervus elaphus) to managed deer hunts in 2011 (n=29), 2012 (n=36), and 2013 (n=43). All elk were fitted with GPS collars that obtained fixes every 2-5 hours. We measured elk speeds, range shifts, and range sizes. We fit mixed-effects repeated measures models to determine the impact of hunter numbers, hunt type, hunt duration, hunt year, number of hunts an individual experienced, timing relative to the hunt, sex, age, release site, and release year on disturbance response. We asked deer hunters to carry GPS units during the hunts in order to assess spatiotemporal elk-hunter interactions and conducted a dynamic interaction analysis to assess whether elk were attracted to or avoided hunters. Elk responded to deer hunter disturbance by using refugia. Eleven elk left during the first hunt. After the first hunt, only one other hunt caused >3 elk to leave the conservation area. During the hunts, speeds increased, ranges shifted, and range sizes decreased. Speeds increased by 11% during each hunt compared to before the hunt. Elk used only 32.2% of their pre-hunt range post-hunt. Elk range sizes were 11% smaller during muzzleloader hunts than youth hunts. These behaviors may indicate that elk identified a fraction of their range to use as refugia and made more directed movements to leave the immediate vicinity of deer hunters. We observed neither attraction nor avoidance between deer hunters and elk, possibly due to availability of refugia within the spatial extent of the disturbance. This study provides evidence that elk are adaptable to human-wildlife disturbance even shortly (4 months) after reintroduction, and that animal reintroductions do not preclude recreational use of public lands where both are management priorities.