Download or read book Movement Habitat Use and Metabolic Condition of Semipalmated Sandpiper calidris Pusilla During Migratory Stopover and Non breeding Periods written by Rebeca C. Linhart and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Women in conservation and restoration ecology 2022 written by Diana Hamilton and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-04-30 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Dynamic Model of Semipalmated Sandpiper Migration Implications for Conservation written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I developed a stochastic dynamic programming model of adult female Semipalmated Sandpiper (Calidris pusilla) spring migration for the purpose of adaptive management of wetlands along their migratory route. Semipalmated Sandpipers are small abundant shorebirds that migrate through Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge, FL, Yawkey Reserve, SC, Pea Island National Wildlife Refuge, NC, and Delaware Bay on their way from the Caribbean and South America to arctic North American breeding grounds. The first three stopover sites mentioned include managed wetlands. To manage these wetlands for Semipalmated Sandpiper and other migratory shorebirds' fitness by changing water levels to alter food availability, it is important to understand how the birds are using these stopover sites. A stochastic dynamic programming model is a model of organism behavior which assumes that the organism is attempting to optimize its fitness. In this model, the fitness of the birds depends on surviving migration as well as arriving on the breeding grounds close to an optimal date and with sufficient energy reserves. The birds can decide each day whether to stay at the current stopover site and feed, or to fly to the next site. Model parameters include flight constants, ground speed probabilities, energy gain, and predation rates. The values of several parameters were tuned so that average peaks of migration at the stopover sites and average percent fat of the birds on different days and stopover sites correlated well with data taken from published and unpublished studies. The model outcomes include average fitness, seasonal mortality rate, reproductive output, average length of stay at each stopover site, and percentage skimming (not staying to feed) at each stopover site. The peaks of migration matched the targets set. The birds stayed longest at the first and last stopover sites; many birds did not stop to feed at the middle two stopover sites. The average mortality of the spring migration sea.
Download or read book Do Wintering Conditions Drive Population Trends in Semipalmated Sandpipers Calidris Pusilla written by Megan L. Boldenow and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some of the most extreme long-distance migrants, Arctic-breeding shorebirds are disproportionately represented in tallies of declining species worldwide. For many shorebirds, including the semipalmated sandpiper (Calidris pusilla), the specific causes and mechanisms behind population declines have not been identified. Stressful conditions affecting birds during wintering are often implicated. Interactions between events and processes occurring in the disparate locations used throughout the annual cycle also may be critical in shaping both individual life histories and population demographics. The main objectives of my graduate research were: a) to examine whether semipalmated sandpipers wintering in specific locations incur differential levels of stress; and b) to test whether stressful conditions may carry over between different stages of an individual’s life cycle. Using measurements of corticosterone (the primary avian stress hormone) deposited in winter-grown feathers, I examined the contribution of breeding season and fall migration to winter-incurred stress, and looked for evidence of carryover effects from wintering conditions to spring migration and subsequent reproductive performance. In Chapter 1, I compared the levels of stress exposure of 40 semipalmated sandpipers that bred at five Arctic sites and spent the austral summer in distinct regions (identified via light-sensing geolocators) across their tropical ‘wintering’ range. I found stress exposure varied by wintering region, and birds using locations along the Atlantic coast of northeastern South America and the Pacific coast of Central America had the highest feather corticosterone levels. I did not find evidence that carryover effects from the breeding season and/or fall migration influenced birds’ physiology during winter. In Chapter 2, I investigated whether greater stress exposure during winter might subsequently affect birds during spring migration and/or breeding. I found that geolocator-tracked birds with increased stress levels delayed spring migration and initiated nests later. However, results for a larger dataset (including 254 birds breeding at seven sites across the North American Arctic) suggested low-stress birds nested later. It is possible the larger dataset included replacement clutches that could have confounded relationships with feather corticosterone, as only birds in better condition are likely to re-nest after clutch failure. In addition, I found evidence that stressful wintering conditions carryover to affect reproductive performance: females that accrued high levels of stress during wintering subsequently laid fewer eggs. In confirmed first nests, we found evidence for a clutch size–egg volume tradeoff, with high-stress females producing fewer offspring but potentially investing more in individual offspring. This research represents the first instance of the feather corticosterone technique being used to compare conditions across the wintering range of a calidrid shorebird and reveals specific wintering locations with high levels of stress exposure. This is also the first research that provides a mechanistic perspective on carryover effects between the wintering and breeding stages in a shorebird, through measurements of feather corticosterone. Finally, by showing that poor environmental conditions at wintering sites far from Arctic breeding areas may be detrimental to the reproductive performance of a species with declining populations, this research emphasizes the importance of considering full annual cycles in conservation and research efforts for migratory species.
Download or read book Preparing for Long distance Migration written by Dominique Maillet and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Movement Patterns Duration of Stay and Diet of Semipalmated Sandpipers Calidris Pusilla During Migratory Stopover in the Upper Bay of Fundy written by Sarah G. Neima and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Factors Affecting Movement and Habitat Selection of Semipalmated Sandpipers Calidris Pusilla Linnaeus Migrating Through the Upper Bay of Fundy Canada written by Ashley Jill Sprague and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Foraging Ecology and Body Condition of Migrant Semipalmated Sandpipers Calidris Pusilla on Three Mudflats in the Bay of Fundy Hemispheric Shorebird Reserve Nova Scotia written by Kimberley Mawhinney Gilliland and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Duration of Stay and Movements of Semipalmated Sandpipers Calidris Pusilla During Migratory Stopover in the Upper Bay of Fundy written by Abigail S. White and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Diet Movements Behaviours and Habitat Use by Semipalmated Sandpipers Calidris Pusilla In Cobequid Bay Nova Scotia written by Mann. Hilary and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Movement Patterns of Semipalmated Sandpipers calidris Pusilla and Semipalmated Plovers charadrius Semipalmatus Within Eastern New Brunswick written by Erica Geldart and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Exposure of Migratory Shorebirds to Organophosphorus and Carbmate Pesticides at Migratory Stopover and Non breeding Sites in the Western Hemisphere written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monitoring programs indicate that numerous shorebird populations are subject to on-going declines. The U.S. Shorebird Conservation Plan lists twenty-seven shorebird species as species of high concern and seven as highly imperiled, including the Buff-breasted Sandpiper (Tryngites subruficollis). One hypothesis for ongoing population declines is exposure to toxic chemicals and pollutants. The purpose of this project was to characterize plasma cholinesterases (ChEs) of migratory shorebirds and address potential exposure to organophosphorus (OP) and carbamate (CB) pesticides. Consumption or contact with these pesticides can cause mortality and a variety of sub-lethal effects. Buff-breasted Sandpipers and other upland shorebirds are particularly likely to encounter agrochemicals due to their habitat use at the non-breeding grounds. I sampled migratory shorebirds over three seasons, during north- and southbound migration in 2006 and 2007 in Texas, Kansas, and Nebraska and during the non-breeding season in 2007 in Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay. I collected blood samples and footwashings from reference sites, where OP and CB pesticides were not used, and agricultural sites, where these two insecticides were recommended for control of crop pests. I assessed several variables known to affect plasma ChE activity including body size, date of capture, time of capture, condition, sex, and region. Small-bodied species had higher levels of ChE activity in plasma than large-bodied species. Plasma ChE activities varied with date of capture in 3 of 5 species sampled in North America. Sex differences were significant in 1 of 4 species tested. Plasma acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was higher among White-rumped Sandpipers sampled in North America but there was no difference between regions among Buff-breasted Sandpipers. Time of capture and individual condition did not affect plasma ChE activity. Estimates of exposure to ChE inhibitors were addressed in five species. Plasma AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities of Buff-breasted Sandpipers were lower at agricultural sites in South America but BChE activity was higher at agricultural sites in North America. There were no differences between sites in four other species tested. A meta-analysis across all species indicated that in 4 of 6 comparisons habitat type had a negative effect on AChE activity consistent with exposure to ChE inhibitors but there was a regional positive effect of agricultural habitat on BChE activity in North America. Comparison of body mass between sites suggested that use of habitats with potential pesticide application did not affect mass gain. Project results suggest that 1 of 5 shorebird species tested was exposed to ChE-inhibiting pesticides at the non-breeding grounds and future monitoring is necessary to assess potential effects at the population level. This study highlights the importance of complete sampling and addressing variability in plasma ChEs before making estimates of exposure to OP and CB pesticides. It provides the first estimates of migratory shorebird exposure to OP and CB pesticides, a potential conservation issue. Future research should include continued monitoring of Buff-breasted Sandpiper ChE levels and habitat use. Other sources of anthropogenic declines such as habitat loss and illegal hunting should be investigated for species that did not show evidence of exposure.
Download or read book Factors Influencing Broad and Fine Scale Habitat Use and Foraging Behaviour of the Semipalmated Sandpiper Calidris Pusilla in the Bay of Fundy written by Colin Bran Alexander Macfarlane and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Importance of Fat Accumulation in the Use of Plymouth Beach as a Stopover Site During Migration of Semipalmated Sandpipers Calidris Pusilla written by Mark J. Kasprzyk and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Comparative Stopover Ecology of Least Calidris Minutilla and Western C Mauri Sandpipers During Southward Migration written by Rachel Jane Gardiner and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Migratory birds adjust their refuelling rates at stopover sites based on habitat characteristics and physiological state. For Least (Calidris minutilla) and Western (C. mauri) Sandpipers on southward migration in British Columbia, I investigated species differences in foraging habitat, diet, and fattening rate, and long-term trends in body mass related to species, age, and site during a period of changing predation danger (1980s-2000's). Least Sandpipers disproportionately used more vegetated habitat, and foraged at a lower trophic level than Western sandpipers. Least Sandpiper fattening rate was higher than in Western Sandpipers, but did not differ with respect to covariates in either species. Western Sandpipers of both age classes were heavier at a safer site. At a more dangerous site, adult Least Sandpiper mass decreased over three decades, while juvenile mass remained consistently low. I interpret patterns of variation in stopover ecology as species-specific prioritization of danger management, feeding conditions, and migratory route.
Download or read book Assessing the Effects of Scale and Habitat Management on the Residency and Movement Rates of Migratory Shorebirds at the Tom Yawkey Wildlife Center South Carolina written by Kelsey Piper Obernuefemann and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: Semipalmated Sandpiper, Calidris pusilla, shorebird, scale, residency, movement, management, drawdown.
Download or read book Flexibility in Foraging Behaviour and Use of Alternate Food Sources by Semipalmated Sandpipers Calidris Pusilla During Migratory Stopover in the Upper Bay of Fundy written by Matthew Garfield Ginn and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
