Download or read book Morphological Organization in Epitaxial Growth and Removal written by Zhenyu Zhang and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1999-01-29 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a critical assessment of the current status and the likely future directions of thin-film growth, an area of exceptional technological importance. Its emphasis is on descriptions of the atomic-scale mechanisms controlling the dynamics and thermodynamics of the morphological evolution of the growth front of thin films in diverse systems of fundamental and technological significance. The book covers most of the original and important conceptual developments made in the 1990s. The articles, written by leading experts, are arranged in five major categories — the theoretical basis, semiconductor-on-semiconductor growth, metal-on-metal growth, metal-on-semiconductor growth, and removal as the inverse process of growth. This book, the only one of its kind in this decade, will prove to be an indispensable reference source for active researchers, those having peripheral interest, and graduate students starting out in the field. Contents:Theoretical Basis:Study of Strain and Temperature Dependence of Metal Epitaxy (C Ratsch et al.)Atomistic Simulation Methods (A F Voter)Submonolayer Nucleation and Growth of 2D Islands and Multilayer Mound Formation During Homoepitaxy (J W Evans & M C Bartelt)Equilibrium Shape of a Coherent Epitaxial Cluster (C Duport et al.)Dynamic Scaling in Epitaxial Growth (S Das Sarma)Scaling and Crossovers in Models for Thin Film Growth (A Pimpinelli et al.)Quantum Effect in Metal Overlayers on Semiconductor Substrates (J-H Cho et al.)Semiconductor-on-Semiconductor Growth:Self-Organized Island Arrays in SiGe/Si Multilayers (C Teichert et al.)Morphological Evolution of Strained Semiconductor Films (D E Jesson)Large Scale Surface Evolution During MBE Growth: Mounding (C Orme et al.)Growth Structures of Silicon Homoepitaxy by Chemical Vapor Deposition (H Rauscher & R J Behm)Metal-on-Metal Growth:Two-Dimensional Island Shapes (T Michely & G Comsa)Ramified Growth in Metal on Metal Epitaxy (R Q Hwang)Morphology and Energy Barriers in Homoepitaxial Growth and Coarsening: A Case Study for Cu(100) (J F Wendelken et al.)The Concept of Two Mobilities for Growth Manipulation (G Rosenfeld et al.)Tailoring Epitaxial Growth of Low-Dimensional Magnetic Heterostructures by Means of Surfactants (J J de Miguel et al.)Cluster Diffusion, Coalescence and Coarsening in Metal(100) Homoepitaxial Systems (P A Thiel & J W Evans)Metal-on-Semiconductor Growth:Ag on Si-Surfaces: From Insulator to Metal (M H von Hoegen et al.)Metal on Semiconductor Growth at Low Temperatures (M C Tringides)Growing Atomically Flat Metal Films on Semiconductor Substrates (C-K Shih)Removal:Spontaneous Halogen Etching of Si (J H Weaver & C M Aldao)Surface Morphology of Ion Bombarded Si(001) and Ge(001) Surfaces (H J W Zandvliet & I S T Tsong) Readership: Researchers and graduate students in solid state physics, materials science and engineering. Keywords:

Download or read book Atomistic Aspects of Epitaxial Growth written by Miroslav Kotrla and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epitaxial growth lies at the heart of a wide range of industrial and technological applications. Recent breakthroughs, experimental and theoretical, allow actual atom-by-atom manipulation and an understanding of such processes, opening up a totally new area of unprecedented nanostructuring. The contributions to Atomistic Aspects of Epitaxial Growth are divided into five main sections, taking the reader from the atomistic details of surface diffusion to the macroscopic description of epitaxial systems. many of the papers contain substantial background material on theoretical and experimental methods, making the book suitable for both graduate students as a supplementary text in a course on epitaxial phenomena, and for professionals in the field.

Download or read book Islands Mounds and Atoms written by Thomas Michely and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystal growth far from thermodynamic equilibrium is nothing but homoepitaxy - thin film growth on a crystalline substrate of the same material. Because of the absence of misfit effects, homoepitaxy is an ideal playground to study growth kinetics in its pure form. Despite its conceptual simplicity, homoepitaxy gives rise to a wide range of patterns. This book explains the formation of such patterns in terms of elementary atomic processes, using the well-studied Pt/Pt(111) system as a reference point and a large number of Scanning Tunneling Microscopy images for visualization. Topics include surface diffusion, nucleation theory, island shapes, mound formation and coarsening, and layer-by-layer growth. A separate chapter is dedicated to describing the main experimental and theoretical methods.

Download or read book Photonics and Electronics with Germanium written by Kazumi Wada and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-05-06 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Representing a further step towards enabling the convergence of computing and communication, this handbook and reference treats germanium electronics and optics on an equal footing. Renowned experts paint the big picture, combining both introductory material and the latest results. The first part of the book introduces readers to the fundamental properties of germanium, such as band offsets, impurities, defects and surface structures, which determine the performance of germanium-based devices in conjunction with conventional silicon technology. The second part covers methods of preparing and processing germanium structures, including chemical and physical vapor deposition, condensation approaches and chemical etching. The third and largest part gives a broad overview of the applications of integrated germanium technology: waveguides, photodetectors, modulators, ring resonators, transistors and, prominently, light-emitting devices. An invaluable one-stop resource for both researchers and developers.

Download or read book Stress and Strain in Epitaxy Theoretical Concepts Measurements and Applications written by J.-P. Deville and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-07-03 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains keynote lectures which have been delivered at the 3rd Porquerolles' School on Surface Science, SIR2000 (Surfaces-Interfaces-Relaxation). The aim of this school was to review the main concepts necessary to understand the role of interfacial stress, strain and relaxation in crystal growth by heteroepitaxy. By bringing together scientists from various fields (physics, chemistry, materials science and engineering) which daily use complementary methodological approaches (experiment, theory, modelization), the school allowed to offer 11 multidisciplinary courses. This book addresses the state of art of stress in epitaxial materials, it describes the various methods to measure the atomic displacement and stress fields, it reviews the spectroscopic methods necessary to map the interface chemistry, it details the theoretical methods and concepts which are needed to predict them and it questions the fact that stress and relaxation can induce specific properties in magnetism, catalysis, electron transport and so on. The field of stress and strain in heteroepitaxy has know large developments during the last ten years. New techniques have been used to set up new devices in which functionalities are obtained through structuration at a nanometer scale. Large-scale integration and reduced dimensions are the key factors to optimize the achievements of these devices. Already used in industry (quantum wells, magnetic sensors), these devices are obtained by molecular beam epitaxy, sputtering or pulsed laser deposition. Their reduced dimensionality increased the number of surfaces and interfaces, the role of which has to be precised. Experimentalists try now to associate materials having very different crystal structure and chemical composition. The elastic stress stored in the device can induce various phenomena which have to be evaluated, understood and predicted. The book intends also to show that many questions are still in debate.

Download or read book Epitaxy of Nanostructures written by Vitaly Shchukin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main focus of the book are the physical mechanisms behind the spontaneous formation of ordered nanostructures at semiconductor surfaces. These mechanisms are at the root of recent breakthroughs in advanced nanotechnology of quantum-wire and quantum-dot fabrication. Generic theoretical models are presented addressing formation of all basic types of nanostructures, including periodically faceted surfaces, arrays of step-bunches of equal heights and single- and multi-sheet arrays of both 2- and 3-D strained islands. Decisive experiments on both structural and optical characterization of nanostructures are discussed to verify theoretical models and link them to practical examples.

Download or read book Handbook of Materials Modeling written by Sidney Yip and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-17 with total page 2903 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first reference of its kind in the rapidly emerging field of computational approachs to materials research, this is a compendium of perspective-providing and topical articles written to inform students and non-specialists of the current status and capabilities of modelling and simulation. From the standpoint of methodology, the development follows a multiscale approach with emphasis on electronic-structure, atomistic, and mesoscale methods, as well as mathematical analysis and rate processes. Basic models are treated across traditional disciplines, not only in the discussion of methods but also in chapters on crystal defects, microstructure, fluids, polymers and soft matter. Written by authors who are actively participating in the current development, this collection of 150 articles has the breadth and depth to be a major contributor toward defining the field of computational materials. In addition, there are 40 commentaries by highly respected researchers, presenting various views that should interest the future generations of the community. Subject Editors: Martin Bazant, MIT; Bruce Boghosian, Tufts University; Richard Catlow, Royal Institution; Long-Qing Chen, Pennsylvania State University; William Curtin, Brown University; Tomas Diaz de la Rubia, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Nicolas Hadjiconstantinou, MIT; Mark F. Horstemeyer, Mississippi State University; Efthimios Kaxiras, Harvard University; L. Mahadevan, Harvard University; Dimitrios Maroudas, University of Massachusetts; Nicola Marzari, MIT; Horia Metiu, University of California Santa Barbara; Gregory C. Rutledge, MIT; David J. Srolovitz, Princeton University; Bernhardt L. Trout, MIT; Dieter Wolf, Argonne National Laboratory.

Download or read book Frontiers in Surface Science and Interface Science written by C.B. Duke and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2002-05-21 with total page 1076 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Any notion that surface science is all about semiconductors and coatings is laid to rest by this encyclopedic publication: Bioengineered interfaces in medicine, interstellar dust, DNA computation, conducting polymers, the surfaces of atomic nuclei - all are brought up to date. Frontiers in Surface and Interface Science - a milestone publication deserving a wide readership. It combines a sweeping expert survey of research today with an educated look into the future. It is a future that embraces surface phenomena on scales from the subatomic to the galactic, as well as traditional topics like semiconductor design, catalysis, and surface processing, modeling and characterization. And, great efforts have been made to express sophisticated ideas in an attractive and accessible way. Nanotechnology, surfaces for DNA computation, polymer-based electronics, soft surfaces, interstellar surface chemistry - all feature in this comprehensive collection.

Download or read book Ultrananocrystalline Diamond written by Olga A. Shenderova and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2006-08-10 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ultrananocrystalline Diamond: Syntheses, Properties, and Applications is a unique practical reference handbook that brings together the basic science of nanoscale carbon structures, particularly its diamond phase, with detailed information on nanodiamond synthesis, properties, and applications. Here you will learn about UNCD in its two forms, as a dispersed powder made by detonation techniques and as a chemical vapor deposited film. You will also learn about the superior mechanical, tribological, transport, electrochemical, and electron emission properties of UNCD for a wide range of applications including MEMS, NEMS, surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices, electrochemical sensors, coatings for field emission arrays, photonic and RF switching, biosensors, and neural prostheses, and more. This ôEverything about Ultra-nanocrystalline Diamondö book with 16 chapters is written by leading experts worldwide. It is for everyone who researches carbon nanostructures, everyone who produces them, everyone who characterizes them, and everyone who builds devices using them.

Download or read book Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites Nanostructure Surfaces and Their Applications written by Olena Fesenko and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-25 with total page 763 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights some of the latest advances in nanotechnology and nanomaterials from leading researchers in Ukraine, Europe and beyond. It features contributions presented at the 7th International Science and Practice Conference Nanotechnology and Nanomaterials (NANO2019), which was held on August 27–30, 2019 at Lviv Polytechnic National University, and was jointly organized by the Institute of Physics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, University of Tartu (Estonia), University of Turin (Italy), and Pierre and Marie Curie University (France). Internationally recognized experts from a wide range of universities and research institutions share their knowledge and key findings on material properties, behavior, and synthesis. This book’s companion volume also addresses topics such as nano-optics, energy storage, and biomedical applications.

Download or read book Quantum Semiconductor Devices and Technologies written by Tom Pearsall and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-27 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: stacked QD structure and is useful for examining the possibility of all optical measurement of stacked QD layers. Optical absorption spectra of self-assembled QDs has been little reported, and further investigation in necessary to study hole-burning memory. 2.5 Summary This chapter describes recent advances in quantum dot fabrication tech nologies, focusing on our self-formed quantum dot technologies including TSR quantum dots and SK-mode self-assembled quantum dots. As is described in this chapter, there are many possible device applications such as quantum dot tunneling memory devices, quantum dot fioating-dot gate FETs, quantum dot lasers, and quantum dot hole-burning memory devices. The quantum dot laser applications seem to be the most practicable among these applications. However, many problems remain to be solved before even this application becomes practical. The most important issue is to of self-assembled quantum dots more pre control the size and position cisely, with an accuracy on an atomic scale. The confinement must be enough to keep the separation energy between quantized energy levels high enough to get high-temperature characteristics. The lasing oscillation frequency should be fixed at 1.3 f.lITl or 1.5 f.lITl for optical communication. Phonon bottleneck problems should be solved by the optimization of device structures. Fortunately, there is much activity in the area of quantum dot lasers and, therefore, many breakthroughs will be made, along with the exploration of other new application areas.

Download or read book Solid State Physics written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2003-01-06 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid state physics is the branch of physics that is primarily devoted to the study of matter in its solid phase, especially at the atomic level. This prestigious serial presents timely and state-of-the-art reviews pertaining to all aspects of solid state physics. This latest volume in the series is devoted to the science underpinning two cutting edge areas: protein crystallization and semiconductor nanostructures. The extended and very complete review by E. Runge was awarded this year's Karl-Scheel Prize for "the outstanding publication by a young physicist from Berlin".

Download or read book Magnetic Heterostructures written by H. Zabel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2007-10-26 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heterostructures consist of combinations of different materials, which are in contact through at least one interface. Magnetic heterostructures combine different physical properties which do not exist in nature. This book provides the first comprehensive overview of an exciting and fast developing field of research, which has already resulted in numerous applications and is the basis for future spintronic devices.

Download or read book Computational Materials Chemistry written by L.A. Curtiss and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-16 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a result of the advancements in algorithms and the huge increase in speed of computers over the past decade, electronic structure calculations have evolved into a valuable tool for characterizing surface species and for elucidating the pathways for their formation and reactivity. It is also now possible to calculate, including electric field effects, STM images for surface structures. To date the calculation of such images has been dominated by density functional methods, primarily because the computational cost of - curate wave-function based calculations using either realistic cluster or slab models would be prohibitive. DFT calculations have proven especially valuable for elucidating chemical processes on silicon and other semiconductor surfaces. However, it is also clear that some of the systems to which DFT methods have been applied have large non-dynamical correlation effects, which may not be properly handled by the current generation of Kohn-Sham-based density functionals. For example, our CASSCF calculations on the Si(001)/acetylene system reveal that at some geometries there is extensive 86 configuration mixing. This, in turn, could signal problems for DFT cal- lations on these systems. Some of these problem systems can be addressed using ONIOM or other “layering” methods, treating the primary region of interest with a CASMP2 or other multireference-based method, and treating the secondary region by a lower level of electronic structure theory or by use of a molecular mechanics method. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We wish to thank H. Jónsson, C. Sosa, D. Sorescu, P. Nachtigall, and T. -C.

Download or read book High Resolution Imaging and Spectrometry of Materials written by Frank Ernst and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The characterisation of materials and material systems is an essential aspect of materials science. A few decades ago it became obvious that, because the properties of materials depend so critically on the microstructure of their components, this characterisation must be determined to the atomic level. This means that the position - as well as the nature - of individual atoms has to be determined at "critical" regions close to defects such as dislocations, interfaces, and surfaces. The great impact of advanced transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques became apparent in the area of semiconducting materials, where the nature of internal interfaces between silicon and the corresponding silicides could be identified, and the results used to enhance the understanding of the properties of the compounds studied. At that time, advanced TEM techniques existed predominantly in the US. However, advanced TEM instrumentation was not available in the ma terials science and solid-state science communities in Germany. This gap was bridged by the late Peter Haasen who, after a visit to the US, initiated a Priority Programme on Microstructural Characterisation at the Volkswagen Foundation (Hannover). The programme was in effect from 1985 to 1997 and supported a wide range of research projects - from fundamental, trendy, innovative projects to projects in applied materials science.

Download or read book Morphological and Compositional Evolution of Thin Films Volume 749 written by Michael J. Aziz and published by Mrs Proceedings. This book was released on 2003 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The papers compiled in this volume were presented in Symposium W, 'Morphological and Compositional Evolution of Thin Films, ' held December 2-5 at the 2002 MRS Fall Meeting in Boston Massachusetts. They are organized in the order that they were presented."--P. xiii.

Download or read book Crystal Growth For Beginners Fundamentals Of Nucleation Crystal Growth And Epitaxy Third Edition written by Markov Ivan Vesselinov and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2016-12-29 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The processes of new phase formation and growth are of fundamental importance in numerous rapidly developing scientific fields such as modern materials science, micro- and optoelectronics, and environmental science. Crystal Growth for Beginners combines the depth of information in monographs, with the thorough analysis of review papers, and presents the resulting content at a level understandable by beginners in science. The book covers, in practice, all fundamental questions and aspects of nucleation, crystal growth, and epitaxy. This book is a non-eclectic presentation of this interdisciplinary topic in materials science. The third edition brings existing chapters up to date, and includes new chapters on the growth of nanowires by the vapor–liquid–solid mechanism, as well as illustrated short biographical texts about the scientists who introduced the basic ideas and concepts into the fields of nucleation, crystal growth and epitaxy. All formulae and equations are illustrated by examples that are of technological importance. The book presents not only the fundamentals but also the state of the art in the subject. Crystal Growth for Beginners is a valuable reference for both graduate students and researchers in materials science. The reader is required to possess some basic knowledge of mathematics, physics and thermodynamics.