Download or read book Morphing Wing Weight Predictors and Their Application in a Template Based Morphing Aircraft Sizing Environment II Part 2 Morphing Aircraft Sizing Via Multi Level Optimization written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-01-18 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents an approach for sizing of a morphing aircraft based upon a multi-level design optimization approach. For this effort, a morphing wing is one whose planform can make significant shape changes in flight - increasing wing area by 50% or more from the lowest possible area, changing sweep 30 or more, and/or increasing aspect ratio by as much as 200% from the lowest possible value. The top-level optimization problem seeks to minimize the gross weight of the aircraft by determining a set of "baseline" variables - these are common aircraft sizing variables, along with a set of "morphing limit" variables - these describe the maximum shape change for a particular morphing strategy. The sub-level optimization problems represent each segment in the morphing aircraft's design mission; here, each sub-level optimizer minimizes fuel consumed during each mission segment by changing the wing planform within the bounds set by the baseline and morphing limit variables from the top-level problem. Skillen, Michael D. and Crossley, William A. Langley Research Center NASA/CR-2008-214903/PT2
Download or read book Modeling and Optimization for Morphing Wing Concept Generation written by National Aeronaut Administration (Nasa) and published by . This book was released on 2020-07-28 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report consists of two major parts: 1) the approach to develop morphing wing weight equations, and 2) the approach to size morphing aircraft. Combined, these techniques allow the morphing aircraft to be sized with estimates of the morphing wing weight that are more credible than estimates currently available; aircraft sizing results prior to this study incorporated morphing wing weight estimates based on general heuristics for fixed-wing flaps (a comparable "morphing" component) but, in general, these results were unsubstantiated. This report will show that the method of morphing wing weight prediction does, in fact, drive the aircraft sizing code to different results and that accurate morphing wing weight estimates are essential to credible aircraft sizing results. Skillen, Michael D. and Crossley, William A. Langley Research Center NASA/CR-2007-214860 NNL06AA04G; WBS 659877.02.07.05. WINGS; FIXED WINGS; WEIGHT ANALYSIS; PREDICTIONS; ESTIMATES; FLAPPING; HEURISTIC METHODS
Download or read book Modeling and Optimization for Morphing Wing Concept Generation written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-01-13 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report consists of two major parts: 1) the approach to develop morphing wing weight equations, and 2) the approach to size morphing aircraft. Combined, these techniques allow the morphing aircraft to be sized with estimates of the morphing wing weight that are more credible than estimates currently available; aircraft sizing results prior to this study incorporated morphing wing weight estimates based on general heuristics for fixed-wing flaps (a comparable "morphing" component) but, in general, these results were unsubstantiated. This report will show that the method of morphing wing weight prediction does, in fact, drive the aircraft sizing code to different results and that accurate morphing wing weight estimates are essential to credible aircraft sizing results. Skillen, Michael D. and Crossley, William A. Langley Research Center NNL06AA04G; WBS 659877.02.07.05.
Download or read book Modeling and Optimization for Morphing Wing Concept Generation II Part 1 Morphing Wing Modeling and Structural Sizing Techniques written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-01-14 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report documents a series of investigations to develop an approach for structural sizing of various morphing wing concepts. For the purposes of this report, a morphing wing is one whose planform can make significant shape changes in flight - increasing wing area by 50% or more from the lowest possible area, changing sweep 30 or more, and / or increasing aspect ratio by as much as 200% from the lowest possible value. These significant changes in geometry mean that the underlying load-bearing structure changes geometry. While most finite element analysis packages provide some sort of structural optimization capability, these codes are not amenable to making significant changes in the stiffness matrix to reflect the large morphing wing planform changes. The investigations presented here use a finite element code capable of aeroelastic analysis in three different optimization approaches -a "simultaneous analysis" approach, a "sequential" approach, and an "aggregate" approach. NASA/CR-2008-214902/PT1 Skillen, Michael D. and Crossley, William A. Langley Research Center
Download or read book Morphing Wings written by Nathanael J. Curiale and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the aviation industry under pressure to reduce fuel consumption, morphing wings have the capacity to improve aircraft performance, thereby making a significant contribution to reversing climate change. Through high-fidelity aerodynamic shape optimization, various forms of morphing wings are assessed for a hypothetical regional-class aircraft. The framework used solves the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and utilizes a gradient-based optimization algorithm. Baseline geometries are developed through multipoint optimization, where the average drag coefficient is minimized over a range of flight conditions with additional dive constraints. Morphing optimizations are then performed, beginning with these baseline shapes. Five distinct types of morphing are investigated and compared. Overall, a theoretical fully adaptable wing produces roughly a 2% improvement in average performance, whereas trailing-edge morphing with a 27-point multipoint baseline results in just over a 1% improvement in average performance. Trailing-edge morphing proves to be more beneficial than leading-edge morphing, upper-surface morphing, and a conventional flap.
Download or read book Modeling and Optimization for Morphing Wing Concept Generation Ii written by Nasa Technical Reports Server (Ntrs) and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-07 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report documents a series of investigations to develop an approach for structural sizing of various morphing wing concepts. For the purposes of this report, a morphing wing is one whose planform can make significant shape changes in flight - increasing wing area by 50% or more from the lowest possible area, changing sweep 30 or more, and / or increasing aspect ratio by as much as 200% from the lowest possible value. These significant changes in geometry mean that the underlying load-bearing structure changes geometry. While most finite element analysis packages provide some sort of structural optimization capability, these codes are not amenable to making significant changes in the stiffness matrix to reflect the large morphing wing planform changes. The investigations presented here use a finite element code capable of aeroelastic analysis in three different optimization approaches -a "simultaneous analysis" approach, a "sequential" approach, and an "aggregate" approach.
Download or read book Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of a Morphing Wingtip Concept with Multiple Morphing Stages at Cruise written by Michael Leahy and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Six Degree of Freedom Morphing Aircraft Dynamical Model with Aerodynamics written by Adam Niksch and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Morphing aircraft are envisioned to have multirole capability where the ability to change shape allows for adaptation to a changing mission environment. In order to calculate the properties of many wing configurations efficiently and rapidly, a model of a morphing aircraft is needed. This paper develops an aerodynamic model and a dynamic model of a morphing flying wing aircraft. The dynamic model includes realistic aerodynamic forces, consisting of lift, drag, and pitching moment about the leading edge, calculated using a constant strength source doublet panel method. The panel method allows for the calculation of aerodynamic forces due to large scale shape changing effects. The aerodynamic model allows for asymmetric configurations in order to generate rolling and yawing moments. The dynamic model calculates state information for the morphing wing based on the aerodynamic forces from the panel method. The model allows for multiple shape changing degrees-of-freedom for the wing, including thickness, sweep, dihedral angle, and chord length. Results show the model provides a versatile and computationally efficient tool for calculating the aerodynamic forces on the morphing aircraft and using these forces to show the associated states.
Download or read book Optimization of a Morphing Wing Geometry Using a Genetic Algorithm with Wind Tunnel Hardware in the loop written by Frank Joseph Boria and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To demonstrate the procedure, a two design-variable morphing wing is fabricated with the capability of altering camber and trailing edge reflex. Two experiments are conducted for maximizing the lift coefficient and maximizing efficiency. These experiments result in optimal servo position versus angle of attack shape functions. Setting the wing shape as a flat plate and again as a medium camber wing with reflex provides comparative data. These experiments resulted in a comparatively benign stall characteristic, a 63.4% increase in lift coefficient, and up to 62.1% increase in maximum efficiency over that of the fixed wing with reflex. Plotting the performance of the morphing wing, with that of the two arbitrary fixed wing shapes, illustrates the dramatic improvement achievable by morphing wing structures. Utilizing these procedures allows for real-time adaptive wing morphing to adjust to the instantaneous changes of flight attitude and wind conditions.
Download or read book Development of an Integrated Aeroelastic Multibody Morphing Simulation Tool postprint written by Gregory W. Reich and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This paper describes the development of a tool for simulating the flight of a morphing aircraft during the morphing process. Also discussed are current-generation tools for modeling vehicle flight and illustrations of how these tools are as yet too immature for modeling of the flight of an aircraft during morphing of the wings. A framework is developed for modeling vehicle flight that incorporates vehicle morphing. The procedures outlined in the paper are sufficiently general to accommodate aircraft utilizing changes in sweep, span, or area. The current state of the art and the planned developments are illustrated through their application to the flight of a folding-wing vehicle."--P. i.
Download or read book Airborne Wind Energy written by Roland Schmehl and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-31 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides in-depth coverage of the latest research and development activities concerning innovative wind energy technologies intended to replace fossil fuels on an economical basis. A characteristic feature of the various conversion concepts discussed is the use of tethered flying devices to substantially reduce the material consumption per installed unit and to access wind energy at higher altitudes, where the wind is more consistent. The introductory chapter describes the emergence and economic dimension of airborne wind energy. Focusing on “Fundamentals, Modeling & Simulation”, Part I includes six contributions that describe quasi-steady as well as dynamic models and simulations of airborne wind energy systems or individual components. Shifting the spotlight to “Control, Optimization & Flight State Measurement”, Part II combines one chapter on measurement techniques with five chapters on control of kite and ground stations, and two chapters on optimization. Part III on “Concept Design & Analysis” includes three chapters that present and analyze novel harvesting concepts as well as two chapters on system component design. Part IV, which centers on “Implemented Concepts”, presents five chapters on established system concepts and one chapter about a subsystem for automatic launching and landing of kites. In closing, Part V focuses with four chapters on “Technology Deployment” related to market and financing strategies, as well as on regulation and the environment. The book builds on the success of the first volume “Airborne Wind Energy” (Springer, 2013), and offers a self-contained reference guide for researchers, scientists, professionals and students. The respective chapters were contributed by a broad variety of authors: academics, practicing engineers and inventors, all of whom are experts in their respective fields.
Download or read book Green Aviation written by Ramesh Agarwal and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-10-17 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Green Aviation is the first authoritative overview of both engineering and operational measures to mitigate the environmental impact of aviation. It addresses the current status of measures to reduce the environmental impact of air travel. The chapters cover such items as: Engineering and technology-related subjects (aerodynamics, engines, fuels, structures, etc.), Operations (air traffic management and infrastructure) Policy and regulatory aspects regarding atmospheric and noise pollution. With contributions from leading experts, this volume is intended to be a valuable addition, and useful resource, for aerospace manufacturers and suppliers, governmental and industrial aerospace research establishments, airline and aviation industries, university engineering and science departments, and industry analysts, consultants, and researchers.
Download or read book Autonomous Horizons written by Greg Zacharias and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-04-05 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Greg Zacharias, former Chief Scientist of the United States Air Force (2015-18), explores next steps in autonomous systems (AS) development, fielding, and training. Rapid advances in AS development and artificial intelligence (AI) research will change how we think about machines, whether they are individual vehicle platforms or networked enterprises. The payoff will be considerable, affording the US military significant protection for aviators, greater effectiveness in employment, and unlimited opportunities for novel and disruptive concepts of operations. Autonomous Horizons: The Way Forward identifies issues and makes recommendations for the Air Force to take full advantage of this transformational technology.
Download or read book Shock Wave Boundary Layer Interactions written by Holger Babinsky and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-09-12 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Shock wave-boundary-layer interaction (SBLI) is a fundamental phenomenon in gas dynamics that is observed in many practical situations, ranging from transonic aircraft wings to hypersonic vehicles and engines. SBLIs have the potential to pose serious problems in a flowfield; hence they often prove to be a critical - or even design limiting - issue for many aerospace applications. This is the first book devoted solely to a comprehensive, state-of-the-art explanation of this phenomenon. It includes a description of the basic fluid mechanics of SBLIs plus contributions from leading international experts who share their insight into their physics and the impact they have in practical flow situations. This book is for practitioners and graduate students in aerodynamics who wish to familiarize themselves with all aspects of SBLI flows. It is a valuable resource for specialists because it compiles experimental, computational and theoretical knowledge in one place.
Download or read book Statistical Energy Analysis written by A. J. Keane and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1997-03-06 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 1997 volume provides an overview of statistical energy analysis and its applications in structural vibration. Statistical energy analysis is a powerful method for predicting and analysing the vibrational behaviour of structures. Its main use is for structures that can be considered as assemblies of interconnected subsystems which are subject to medium to high frequency vibration sources. This volume brings together nine articles by experts from around the world. The opening chapter gives an introduction and overview of the technique describing its key successes, potential and limitations. Following chapters look in more detail at a selection of cases and examples which together illustrate the scope and power of the technique. This book is based on a Royal Society Philosophical Transactions issue under the title 'Statistical Energy Analysis', but an extra chapter, by Chohan, Price, Keane and Beshara, discussing nonconservatively coupled systems is included in this edition.
Download or read book ECO COMPASS written by Xiaosu Yi and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-04-25 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, mainly man-made materials, such as carbon and glass fibers, are used to produce composite parts in aviation. Renewable materials, such as natural fibers or bio-sourced resin systems, have not yet found their way into aviation. The project ECO-COMPASS aims to evaluate the potential applications of ecologically improved composite materials in the aviation sector in an international collaboration of Chinese and European partners. Natural fibers such as flax and ramie will be used for different types of reinforcements and sandwich cores. Furthermore, bio-based epoxy resins to substitute bisphenol-A based epoxy resins in secondary structures are under investigation. Adapted material protection technologies to reduce environmental influence and to improve fire resistance are needed to fulfil the demanding safety requirements in aviation. Modelling and simulation of chosen eco-composites aims for an optimized use of materials while a Life Cycle Assessment aims to prove the ecological advantages compared to synthetic state-of-the-art materials. This Special Issue provides selected papers from the project consortium partners.
Download or read book DSCA Handbook written by United States. Department of Defense and published by United States Department of Defense. This book was released on 2010 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-in one resource includes the Tactical Commanders and Staff Toolkit plus the Liaison Officer Toolkit. Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA)) enables tactical level Commanders and their Staffs to properly plan and execute assigned DSCA missions for all hazard operations, excluding Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, high yield Explosives (CBRNE) or acts of terrorism. Applies to all United States military forces, including Department of Defense (DOD) components (Active and Reserve forces and National Guard when in Federal Status). This hand-on resource also may be useful information for local and state first responders. Chapter 1 contains background information relative to Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA) including legal, doctinal, and policy issues. Chapter 2 provides an overview of the incident management processes including National Response Framework (NRF), National Incident Management Systems (NIMS), and Incident Command System (ICS) as well as Department of Homeland Security (DHS). Chapter 3 discuses the civilian and military responses to natural disaster. Chapter 4 provides a brief overview of Joint Operation Planning Process and mission analyis. Chapter 5 covers Defense Support of Civilian Authorities (DSCA) planning factors for response to all hazard events. Chapter 6 is review of safety and operational composite risk management processes Chapters 7-11 contain Concepts of Operation (CONOPS) and details five natrual hazards/disasters and the pertinent planning factors for each within the scope of DSCA.
