Download or read book Moral Hazard and Optimal Subsidiary Structure for Financial Institutions written by Charles M. Kahn and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because many financial institutions rely heavily on debt finance and have great flexibility in their choice of investments, they may be tempted to exploit debt holders by taking on inefficient but risky investments. Consider a two-subsidiary (quot;bipartitequot;) structure in which one subsidiary is supposed to hold low-risk assets and the other is supposed to hold high-risk assets. By quot;insulatingquot; low-risk assets from high-risk assets, this bipartite structure reduces incentives to engage in risk-shifting in the safer subsidiary. Nevertheless, the risky subsidiary may engage in limited risk-shifting, and the institution may engage in quot;cherry-picking,quot; putting the most profitable high-risk assets in the safer subsidiary and replacing them with inefficient high-risk assets. A bipartite structure is most likely to dominate a unitary structure when risk differs greatly across assets. Our analysis also suggests that institutions may opt for multiple subsidiaries even though this does not appear to take full advantage of gains from diversification. These results help motivate a number of institutional arrangements, including the use of separate commercial bank and finance company subsidiaries, quot;good bank/bad bankquot; structures, securitization, and quot;swapsquot; subsidiaries.
Download or read book Moral Hazard written by Juan Flores Zendejas and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-12-30 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Moral Hazard is a core concept in economics. In a nutshell, moral hazard reflects the reduced incentive to protect against risk where an entity is (or believes it will be) protected from its consequences, whether through an insurance arrangement or an implicit or explicit guarantee system. It is fundamentally driven by information asymmetry, arises in all sectors of the economy, including banking, medical insurance, financial insurance, and governmental support, undermines the stability of our economic systems and has burdened taxpayers in all developed countries, resulting in significant costs to the community. Despite the seriousness and pervasiveness of moral hazard, policymakers and scholars have failed to address this issue. This book fills this gap. It covers 200 years of moral hazard: from its origins in the 19th century to the bailouts announced in the aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak. The book is divided into three parts. Part I deals with the ethics and other fundamental issues connected to moral hazard. Part II provides historical and empirical evidence on moral hazard in international finance. It examines in turn the role of the export credit industry, the international lender of last resort, and the IMF. Finally, Part III examines specific sectors such as automobile, banking, and the US industry at large. This is the first book to provide an interdisciplinary analysis of moral hazard and explain why addressing this issue has become crucial today. As such, it will attract interest from scholars across different fields, including economists, political scientists and lawyers.
Download or read book Moral Hazard written by Fouad Sabry and published by One Billion Knowledgeable. This book was released on 2024-02-03 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is Moral Hazard The term "moral hazard" refers to a circumstance that occurs in the field of economics and describes a situation in which an economic actor has an incentive to expand its exposure to risk because it does not face the full costs of that risk. As an illustration, when a company is insured, it may be willing to take on additional risk since it is aware that its insurance will cover the costs connected with the risk. It is possible for a moral hazard to take place when, after a financial transaction has taken place, the actions of the party that is taking the risk change in a way that is detrimental to the party that is suffering the costs. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Moral hazard Chapter 2: Economic bubble Chapter 3: Debt Chapter 4: Contract theory Chapter 5: Adverse selection Chapter 6: Information asymmetry Chapter 7: Savings and loan crisis Chapter 8: Asset-backed security Chapter 9: Mortgage loan Chapter 10: Subprime mortgage crisis Chapter 11: Flight-to-quality Chapter 12: Subordinated debt Chapter 13: Subprime crisis impact timeline Chapter 14: Credit crunch Chapter 15: Subprime crisis background information Chapter 16: Interbank lending market Chapter 17: Government policies and the subprime mortgage crisis Chapter 18: Subprime mortgage crisis solutions debate Chapter 19: Securitization Chapter 20: Financial fragility Chapter 21: 2007-2008 financial crisis (II) Answering the public top questions about moral hazard. (III) Real world examples for the usage of moral hazard in many fields. Who this book is for Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of Moral Hazard.
Download or read book Bank Size and Systemic Risk written by Mr.Luc Laeven and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2014-05-08 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proposed SDN documents the evolution of bank size and activities over the past 20 years. It discusses whether this evolution can be explained by economies of scale or “too big to fail” subsidies. The paper then presents evidence on the extent to which bank size and market-based activities contribute to systemic risk. The paper concludes with policy messages in the area of capital regulation and activity restrictions to reduce the systemic risk posed by large banks. The analysis of the paper complements earlier Fund work, including SDN 13/04 and the recent GFSR chapter on “too big to fail” subsidies, and its policy message is in line with this earlier work.
Download or read book Collective Moral Hazard and the Interbank Market written by Levent Altinoglu and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concentration of risk within the financial system leads to systemic instability. We propose a theory to explain the structure of the financial system and show how it alters the risk taking incentives of financial institutions when the government optimally intervenes during crises. By issuing interbank claims, risky institutions endogenously become too interconnected to fail. This concentrated structure enables institutions to share the risk of systemic crises in a privately optimal way, but leads to excessive risk taking even by peripheral institutions. Interconnectedness and excessive risk taking reinforce one another. Macroprudential regulation which limits the interconnectedness of risky institutions improves welfare.
Download or read book The New Finance written by Franklin R. Edwards and published by American Enterprise Institute. This book was released on 1996 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dramatic changes in information and telecommunications technologies have transformed U.S. financial markets in the 1980s and 1990s. This book examines the growth of mutual funds and derivatives markets and the decline of banks and explores implications of those developments for financial stability and regulatory policy. One of the book's central conclusions is that the current system of bank regulation is out of step with today's financial realities and needs to be substantially changed. Franklin Edwards asserts that the best way to increase the freedom of financial institutions to compete while making the financial system less vulnerable to excessive risk-taking by individual financial institutions is to adopt a system of collateralized banking. He shows how adopting such a system will result in a more stable financial system, both by reducing our reliance on government to maintain financial soundness and by enhancing the effectiveness of private markets in controlling institutional risk taking.
Download or read book Risk and the Corporate Structure of Banks written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-02-01 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We identify different sources of risk as important determinants of banks' corporate structures when expanding into new markets. Subsidiary-based corporate structures benefit from greater protection against economic risk because of affiliate-level limited liability, but are more exposed to the risk of capital expropriation than are branches. Thus, branch-based structures are preferred to subsidiary-based structures when expropriation risk is high relative to economic risk, and vice versa. Greater cross-country risk correlation and more accurate pricing of risk by investors reduce the differences between the two structures. Furthermore, the corporate structure affects bank risk taking and affiliate size.
Download or read book Strategies of Banks and Other Financial Institutions written by Rajesh Kumar and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-07-16 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How and why do strategic perspectives of financial institutions differ by class and region? Strategies of Banks and Other Financial Institutions: Theories and Cases is an introduction to global financial institutions that presents both theoretical and actual aspects of markets and institutions. The book encompasses depository and non-depository Institutions; money markets, bond markets, and mortgage markets; stock markets, derivative markets, and foreign exchange markets; mutual funds, insurance, and pension funds; and private equity and hedge funds. It also addresses Islamic financing and consolidation in financial institutions and markets. Featuring up-to-date case studies in its second half, Strategies of Banks and Other Financial Institutions proposes a useful theoretical framework and strategic perspectives about risk, regulation, markets, and challenges driving the financial sectors. Describes theories and practices that define classes of institutions and differentiate one financial institution from another Presents short, focused treatments of risk and growth strategies by balancing theories and cases Places Islamic banking and finance into a comprehensive, universal perspective
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Banking Second Edition written by Allen N. Berger and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2014-11-27 with total page 1105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Banking, Second Edition provides an overview and analysis of developments and research in banking written by leading researchers in the field. This handbook will appeal to graduate students of economics, banking and finance, academics, practitioners, regulators, and policy makers. Consequently, the book strikes a balance between abstract theory, empirical analysis, and practitioner, and policy-related material. The Handbook is split into five parts. Part I, The Theory of Banking, examines the role of banks in the wider financial system, why banks exist, how they function, and their corporate governance and risk management practices. Part II deals with Bank Operations and Performance. A range of issues are covered including bank performance, financial innovation, and technological change. Aspects relating to small business, consumer, and mortgage lending are analysed together with securitization, shadow banking, and payment systems. Part III entitled Regulatory and Policy Perspectives discusses central banking, monetary policy transmission, market discipline, and prudential regulation and supervision. Part IV of the book covers various Macroeconomic Perspectives in Banking. This part includes a discussion of systemic risk and banking and sovereign crises, the role of the state in finance and development as well as how banks influence real economic activity. The final Part V examines International Differences in Banking Structures and Environments. This part of the Handbook examines banking systems in the United States, European Union, Japan, Africa, Transition countries, and the developing nations of Asia and Latin America.
Download or read book The Moral Hazard Theory of Corporate Financial Structure written by Scott Williamson and published by Nabu Press. This book was released on 2014-01-05 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Banking written by Allen N. Berger and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-10-31 with total page 1328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Banking, Third Edition provides an overview and analysis of developments and research in this rapidly evolving field. Aimed at graduate students of economics, banking, and finance; academics; practitioners; regulators; and policy makers, it strikes a balance between abstract theory, empirical analysis, and practitioner and policy-related material. Split into five distinct parts The Oxford Handbook of Banking is a one-stop source of relevant research in banking. It examines the theory of banking, bank operations and performance, regulatory and policy perspectives, macroeconomic perspectives in banking, and international differences in banking structures and environments. Taking a global perspective it examines banking systems in the United States, China, Japan, Australia and New Zealand, Africa, the European Union, transition countries of Europe, and Latin America. Thematic issues covered include financial innovation and technological change; consumer and mortgage lending; Islamic banking; and how banks influence real economic activity. Fully revised and now including brand new chapters on a range of geographical regions, bank bailouts and bail-ins, and behavioral economics amongst many other topics, this third edition of The Oxford Handbook of Banking provides readers with insights to seminal and contemporary research in banking and an opportunity to learn about the diversity of financial systems around the world.
Download or read book Making Banks Safer written by Mr.Julian T. S. Chow and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2011-10-01 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper assesses proposals to redefine the scope of activities of systemically important financial institutions. Alongside reform of prudential regulation and oversight, these have been offered as solutions to the too-important-to-fail problem. It is argued that while the more radical of these proposals such as narrow utility banking do not adequately address key policy objectives, two concrete policy measures - the Volcker Rule in the United States and retail ring-fencing in the United Kingdom - are more promising while still entailing significant implementation challenges. A risk factor common to all the measures is the potential for activities identified as too risky for retail banks to migrate to the unregulated parts of the financial system. Since this could lead to accumulation of systemic risk if left unchecked, it appears unlikely that any structural engineering will lessen the policing burden on prudential authorities and on the banks.
Download or read book Theoretical Essays on Bank Risk taking and Financial Stability written by Ka Kei Chan and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis proposes theoretical models to study bank risk-taking and financial stability. Three issues are explored: (1) the moral-hazard incentive for securitisation, (2) the socially optimal banking structure for the economy, and (3) the relationship between bank competition and financial stability, based on bank funding structures and fire-sale risks. Chapter 2 proposes a model to study how bank securitisation affects the value of bank equity, and hence what leads a bank to securitise its assets. The proposed model shows that moral hazard (which is induced by the deposit insurance scheme), can be one essential motive for the securitisation of deposit-taking commercial banks. This chapter also discusses some factors that can restrain the moral-hazard and risk-taking behaviour in bank securitisation. Chapter 3 investigates the social value of different banking structures. The proposed model finds that total separation is not the optimal banking structure for an economy, because it forbids the liquidity transfer between subsidiary banks, which is socially valuable. The comparison between ring-fencing and universal banking is more complicated; Chapter 3 shows that whether ring-fencing or universal banking is the best banking structure for an economy depends on the returns to the different subsidiary banking sectors. Chapter 4 studies how asset fire-sales risks and bank funding structures can affect the relationship between bank competition and financial stability. The proposed model finds that the funding-structure risks of the banks can create an incentive for excess risk-taking in a multi-bank economy. Moreover, the model shows that the excessive risk taking increases with the number of banks in the economy. This result is similar in spirit to the Cournot equilibrium in standard microeconomic theory.
Download or read book Proceedings of a Conference on Bank Structure and Competition written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Economics of Bank Bankruptcy Law written by Matej Marinč and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-18 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book shows that a special bank bankruptcy regime is desirable for the efficient restructuring and/or liquidation of distressed banks. It explores in detail both the principal features of corporate bankruptcy law and the specific characteristics of banks including the importance of public confidence, negative externalities of bank failures, fragmented regulatory framework, bank opaqueness, and the related asset-substitution problem and liquidity provision. These features distinguish banks from other corporations and are largely neglected in corporate bankruptcy law. The authors, an assistant professor for money and finance and a research economist at the Dutch Central Bank, propose changes in both prudential regulation and reorganization policies that should allow regulators and banking authorities to better mitigate disruptions in the financial system and minimize the social costs of bank failures. Their recommendations are complemented by a discussion of bank failures from the 2007–2009 financial crisis.
Download or read book The Moral Hazard Theory of Corporate Financial Structure written by Scott Howard Williamson and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Need for Special Resolution Regimes for Financial Institutions The Case of the European Union written by Mr.Martin Cihak and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2009-09-01 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global financial crisis has demonstrated weaknesses in resolution regimes for financial institutions around the globe, including in the European Union (EU). This paper considers the principles underlying resolution regimes for financial institutions, and draws out how a well-designed resolution regime can expand the toolset available for crisis management. Introducing, or in some cases expanding the scope, of these regimes is pressing to achieve more effective responses to ongoing financial sector weaknesses across the EU.
