Download or read book Monitoring the Anaerobic Digestion Process written by Harry Michael Falk and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the anaerobic digestion process, microorganisms produce methane and carbon dioxide from organic substrates, either organic waste or renewable primary products. Being a versatile biofuel, biogas can be combusted in a combined heat and power plant to produce electricity and heat or, after purification, fed directly into the natural gas grid as biomethane. Due to the Renewable Energy Sources Act introduced in 1991 in Germany, this process became economically advantageous and led to a boom of biogas plants being built in Germany. A major problem of operating a biogas plant is to monitor an unstable process over time. Parameters like pH or redox potential do not necessarily suffice to estimate the degree of fermentation. At present, the preferred indication parameter are the concentrations of process intermediates, particularly short chain volatile fatty acids. They can be quantified with different gas or liquid chromatographic methods, which requires in-depth knowledge and expensive hardware and is usually carried out by specialized laboratories. Periodically, the digestate is sampled and sent in for analysis. Knowing the absolute concentrations of the different volatile fatty acids can only give a hint about the current fermentation status, though what would be more meaningful would be elucidating the dynamics of generation and degradation of the respective short chain volatile fatty acids. A new online technique using attenuated total-reflectance Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (ATR-MIR-FTIR) was developed, which allows an online monitoring of the concentrations of the different volatile fatty acids in situ. This can give an insight into the dynamics of the anaerobic digestion process. It was adapted to a laboratory scale one-stage biogas plant fed with typically renewable primary products to simulate an agricultural biogas plant. Chemometric models were developed using spiked samples and samples from a real fermentation for acetic, propionic, iso-butyric, butyric, iso-valeric and valeric acid. The methods were evaluated by monitoring the startup phase of the anaerobic digestion of ground wheat in a 10 l continuous-stirred tank reactor. Sample preparation, recording and analysis of IR-spectra of digestate were fully automated. Predictions of the absolute concentration for acetic and propionic acid were reasonable, the existence of other volatile fatty acids could be detected. The developed anaerobic sensor system is able to determine their concentration dynamics and can thereby help to utilize unused potential in biogas plants. Another ascending problem are the substrates being used for the production of biogas. Renewable primary products are in direct rivalry with the agricultural and food industry. For a sustainable future, other biomass sources have to be made accessible for energy production. In contrast to energy crops, especially waste products can be used for energy generation without any concerns. The biogas potential of potential substrates is estimated with parallel running batch experiments. In the process, the minor gas flow rate of these lab-scale fermentations has to be monitored closely and accurately. Especially for this purpose, an easy to build and maintain automated biogas meter was developed to measure the biogas flow in anaerobic digestion experiments. The flow meter is built upon the open-source Arduino platform, and can therefore be easily enhanced or adapted to other environments. Recordings are sent via ethernet to a MySQL database, making the data widely accessible. By combining nine fermenters into an array, triplicate batch experiments according to VDI 4630 with negative control, positive control and the test substrate are monitored effortlessly. Concluding, this thesis focuses on optimizing the biogas production with the development of novel measurement instrumentation. The already well-established process of industrial digestion of energy crops is made transparent with an advanced online measurement method for the volatile fatty acids. Methane potential of novel biodegradable substrates can be monitored with the affordable low-cost gasUino biogas meter.
Download or read book Modelling and Monitoring the Anaerobic Digestion Process in View of Optimisation and Smooth Operation of WWTP s written by Usama El-Sayed Zaher and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Systematic Monitoring of the Anaerobic Digestion Process written by Erwin H. Jacobi and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Process Monitoring in Biogas Plants written by Bernhard Drosg and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion Model No 1 ADM1 written by IWA Task Group for Mathematical Modelling of Anaerobic Digestion Processes and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2002-02-01 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The IWA Task Group for Mathematical Modelling of Anaerobic Digestion Processes was created with the aim to produce a generic model and common platform for dynamic simulations of a variety of anaerobic processes. This book presents the outcome of this undertaking and is the result of four years collaborative work by a number of international experts from various fields of anaerobic process technology. The purpose of this approach is to provide a unified basis for anaerobic digestion modelling. It is hoped this will promote increased application of modelling and simulation as a tool for research, design, operation and optimisation of anaerobic processes worldwide. This model was developed on the basis of the extensive but often disparate work in modelling and simulation of anaerobic digestion systems over the last twenty years. In developing ADM1, the Task Group have tried to establish common nomenclature, units and model structure, consistent with existing anaerobic modelling literature and the popular activated sludge models (See Activated Sludge Models ASM1, ASM2, ASM2d and ASM3, IWA Publishing, 2000, ISBN: 1900222248). As such, it is intended to promote widespread application of simulation from domestic (wastewater and sludge) treatment systems to specialised industrial applications. Outputs from the model include common process variables such gas flow and composition, pH, separate organic acids, and ammonium. The structure has been devised to encourage specific extensions or modifications where required, but still maintain a common platform. During development the model has been successfully tested on a range of systems from full-scale waste sludge digestion to laboratory-scale thermophilic high-rate UASB reactors. The model structure is presented in a readily applicable matrix format for implementation in many available differential equation solvers. It is expected that the model will be available as part of commercial wastewater simulation packages. ADM1 will be a valuable information source for practising engineers working in water treatment (both domestic and industrial) as well as academic researchers and students in Environmental Engineering and Science, Civil and Sanitary Engineering, Biotechnology, and Chemical and Process Engineering departments. Contents Introduction Nomenclature, State Variables and Expressions Biochemical Processes Physicochemical Processes Model Implementation in a Single Stage CSTR Suggested Biochemical Parameter Values, Sensitivity and Estimation Conclusions References Appendix A: Review of Parameters Appendix B: Supplementary Matrix Information Appendix C: Integration with the ASM Appendix D: Estimating Stoichiometric Coefficients for Fermentation Scientific & Technical Report No.13
Download or read book Biomethanation II written by Birgitte K. Ahring and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-04-07 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic digestion is a major field for the treatment of waste and wastewater. Lately the focus has been on the quality of the effluent setting new demands for pathogen removal and for successful removal of unwanted chemicals during the anaerobic process. The two volumes on Biomethanation are devoted to presenting the state of art within the science and application of anaerobic digestion. They describe the basic microbiolgical knowledge of importance for understanding the processes of anaerobic bioreactors along with the newest molecular techniques for examining these systems. In addition, the applications for treatment of waste and wastewaters are presented along with the latest knowledge on process control and regulation of anaerobic bioprocesses. Together these two volumes give an overview of a growing area, which previously has never been presented in such a comprehensive way.
Download or read book BioH2 BioCH4 Through Anaerobic Digestion written by Bernardo Ruggeri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-02-02 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a Two-Stage Anaerobic Digestion (TSAD) technique for producing hydrogen and methane, following a step-by-step approach in order to guide readers through the experimental verification of the related hypothesis. In the first stage of AD, the reaction conditions are optimized to obtain the maximum amount of hydrogen, while in the second the liquid residue from the first phase is used as a substrate to produce fuel-methane. AD has traditionally been used to reduce the organic content of waste; this results in a biogas that is primarily constituted of CH4 and CO2. Over the last few decades, the conversion of organic matter into hydrogen by means of AD and selecting Hydrogen Producing Bacteria (HPB) has matured into a viable and sustainable technology among the pallet of H2 generation technologies. The combined bio-production of hydrogen and methane from Organic Waste Materials (OWM) is considered to be an ideal way of utilizing waste, and can increase energy efficiency (the substrate Heat Value converted into H2 and CH4 fuel) to roughly 80%, since the energy efficiency of H2-production alone (15%) is not energetically competitive. The two gas streams can be used either separately or in combination (Hytane®), be supplied as civilian gas or used for transportation purposes. All the aspects of this sustainable technology are taken into account, from the basic biochemical implications to engineering aspects, establishing the design criteria and the scale-up procedures for full-scale application. The sustainability of the TSAD method is assessed by applying EROI (Energy Return On Investment) and EPT (Energy Payback Time) criteria, and both the general approach and application to the field of Anaerobic Digestion are illustrated.
Download or read book Current Advances in Anaerobic Digestion Technology written by Marcell Nikolausz and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-03-17 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic digestion (AD) is one of the oldest biotechnological processes and originally referred to biomass degradation under anoxic conditions in both natural and engineered systems. It has been used for decades to treat various waste streams and to produce methane-rich biogas as an important energy carrier, and it has become a major player in electrical power production. AD is a popular, mature technology, and our knowledge about the influencing process parameters as well as about the diverse microbial communities involved in the process has increased dramatically over the last few decades. To avoid competition with food and feed production, the AD feedstock spectrum has constantly been extended to waste products either rich in recalcitrant lignocellulose or containing inhibitory substances such as ammonia, which requires application of various pre-treatments or specific management of the microbial resources. Extending the definition of AD, it can also convert gases rich in hydrogen and carbon dioxide into methane that can substitute natural gas, which opens new opportunities by a direct link to traditional petrochemistry. Furthermore, AD can be coupled with emerging biotechnological applications, such as microbial electrochemical technologies or the production of medium-chain fatty acids by anaerobic fermentation. Ultimately, because of the wide range of applications, AD is still a very vital field in science. This Special Issue highlights some key topics of this research field.
Download or read book The Microbiology of Anaerobic Digesters written by Michael H. Gerardi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-09-19 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic digestion is a biochemical degradation process that converts complex organic material, such as animal manure, into methane and other byproducts. Part of the author's Wastewater Microbiology series, Microbiology of Anareboic Digesters eschews technical jargon to deliver a practical, how-to guide for wastewater plant operators.
Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion written by Rajesh Banu and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-09-04 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in technology to recover bioenergy from various feedstocks make them suitable alternatives to fossil fuel. This book contains several scientific discussions regarding microbes involved in biogas production, the anaerobic digestion process, their operation, and application for sustainable development. The book provides in-depth information about anaerobic digestion for researchers and graduate students. The editor sincerely thanks all the contributors, whose efforts have brought this book to fruition.
Download or read book Towards the Internet of Things written by Mohammad Ali Jabraeil Jamali and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-12 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive framework for IoT, including its architectures, security, privacy, network communications, and protocols. The book starts by providing an overview of the aforementioned research topics, future directions and open challenges that face the IoT development. The authors then discuss the main architectures in the field, which include Three- and Five-Layer Architectures, Cloud and Fog Based Architectures, a Social IoT Application Architecture. In the security chapter, the authors outline threats and attacks, privacy preservation, trust and authentication, IoT data security, and social awareness. The final chapter presents case studies including smart home, wearables, connected cars, industrial Internet, smart cities, IoT in agriculture, smart retail, energy engagement, IoT in healthcare, and IoT in poultry and farming. Discusses ongoing research into the connection of the physical and virtual worlds; Includes the architecture, security, privacy, communications, and protocols of IoT; Presents a variety of case studies in IoT including wearables, smart cities, and energy management.
Download or read book Biomethanation I written by Birgitte K. Ahring and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-04-07 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic digestion is a major field for the treatment of waste and wastewater. Lately the focus has been on the quality of the effluent setting new demands for pathogen removal and for successful removal of unwanted chemicals during the anaerobic process. The two volumes on Biomethanation are devoted to presenting the state of art within the science and application of anaerobic digestion. They describe the basic microbiolgical knowledge of importance for understanding the processes of anaerobic bioreactors along with the newest molecular techniques for examining these systems. In addition, the applications for treatment of waste and wastewaters are presented along with the latest knowledge on process control and regulation of anaerobic bioprocesses. Together these two volumes give an overview of a growing area, which previously has never been presented in such a comprehensive way.
Download or read book Anaerobic Digestion of Poultry Manure written by Leonard Eldan Ripley and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of an Experimental Microbial Fuel Cell System for Monitoring the Anaerobic Digestion Process written by Clara Cogul Gisbert and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reactor Applications and Process Monitoring for Improved Anaerobic Digestion written by Tor Gunnar Jantsch and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Anaerobic Reactors written by Carlos Augustos de Lemos Chernicharo and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2007-03-30 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anaerobic Reactors is the forth volume in the series Biological Wastewater Treatment. The fundamentals of anaerobic treatment are presented in detail, including its applicability, microbiology, biochemistry and main reactor configurations. Two reactor types are analysed in more detail, namely anaerobic filters and especially UASB (upflow anaerobic sludge blanket) reactors. Particular attention is also devoted to the post-treatment of the effluents from the anaerobic reactors. The book presents in a clear and informative way the main concepts, working principles, expected removal efficiencies, design criteria, design examples, construction aspects and operational guidelines for anaerobic reactors. About the series: The series is based on a highly acclaimed set of best selling textbooks. This international version is comprised by six textbooks giving a state-of-the-art presentation of the science and technology of biological wastewater treatment. Other titles in the series are: Volume 1: Waste Stabilisation Ponds; Volume 2: Basic Principles of Wastewater Treatment; Volume 3: Waste Stabilization Ponds; Volume 5: Activated Sludge and Aerobic Biofilm Reactors; Volume 6: Sludge Treatment and Disposal
Download or read book EKC 2009 Proceedings of EU Korea Conference on Science and Technology written by Joung Hwan Lee and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-17 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current research fields in science and technology were presented and discussed at the EKC2008, informing about the interests and directions of the scientists and engineers in EU countries and Korea. The Conference has emerged from the idea of bringing together EU and Korea to get to know each other better, especially in fields of science and technology. The focus of the conference is put on the topics: Computational Fluid Dynamics, Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Information and Communications Technology, Life and Natural Sciences, Energy and Environmental Technology.
