Download or read book Monitoring Atmospheric Water Vapour written by Niklaus Kämpfer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-13 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric water plays a key role in climate. Water vapour is the most important greenhouse gas and its condensed forms exert a profound influence on both incoming solar and outgoing infrared radiation. Unfortunately, accurate, height-resolved global-scale measurements of atmospheric humidity are difficult to obtain. The change in concentration of five orders of magnitude form the ground to the stratosphere means there is no standard instrument that will measure everywhere. This has led to different measuring techniques, all with strengths and weaknesses. This book assesses all presently available techniques that are used in monitoring networks. Special weight is given to presenting the different technical concepts, the accuracy of different sensor types, addresses calibration issues and retrieval aspects.
Download or read book Monitoring Atmospheric Water Vapour written by Niklaus Kämpfer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-09-14 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric water plays a key role in climate. Water vapour is the most important greenhouse gas and its condensed forms exert a profound influence on both incoming solar and outgoing infrared radiation. Unfortunately, accurate, height-resolved global-scale measurements of atmospheric humidity are difficult to obtain. The change in concentration of five orders of magnitude form the ground to the stratosphere means there is no standard instrument that will measure everywhere. This has led to different measuring techniques, all with strengths and weaknesses. This book assesses all presently available techniques that are used in monitoring networks. Special weight is given to presenting the different technical concepts, the accuracy of different sensor types, addresses calibration issues and retrieval aspects.
Download or read book Long Term Monitoring of Atmospheric Water Vapor and Methane written by Petra Hausmann and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atmospheric Water Vapor written by Adarsh Deepak and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-25 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atmospheric Water Vapor contains the technical proceedings of the International Workshop on Atmospheric Water Vapor held in Vail, Colorado, on September 11-13, 1979. The papers assess the state-of-the-art in measurement, modeling, and application of atmospheric water vapor properties and highlight important problems that require further effort in order to better understand the atmosphere itself as well as the electromagnetic propagation through the atmosphere. Comprised of 39 chapters, this book begins with a discussion on the optics and spectroscopy of water vapor. Some actual spectra showing the problems specific to the water molecule are described, along with the method used to calculate precise vibration-rotation energy levels and wave functions. Atmospheric infrared transmission measurements in maritime locations are also presented. Subsequent sections explore microwave and millimeter wave phenomena; geoastrophysical applications; and in situ measurements, remote sensing, and meteorology of water vapor. The final chapters deal with the microphysics and atmospheric chemistry of water vapor. This monograph will be of interest to scientists from universities, government agencies, research laboratories, and industry.
Download or read book Measurement of Atmospheric Water Vapour by ISAMS written by Matthew Goss-Custard and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atmospheric Water Vapor Divergence written by Arnold A. Barnes and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Zonal Profiles of Atmospheric Water Vapor written by Peter M. Kuhn and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Detection of Atmospheric Water Vapour Using the Global Positioning System written by Adriaan Zacharias Albertus Combrink and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Water Vapour Above the Chilean Andes written by Richard Robert Querel and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Vapor Measurement written by Pieter R. Wiederhold and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-01-25 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering all aspects of humidity measurement and instrumentation, this work includes rudiments and theory, common applications, advantages and limitations of frequently-used sensors and techniques, and guidelines for installation, maintenance and calibration. The disk is intended for easy conversions of humidity parameters and units.
Download or read book The Atmosphere and Climate of Mars written by Robert M. Haberle and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-06-29 with total page 613 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humanity has long been fascinated by the planet Mars. Was its climate ever conducive to life? What is the atmosphere like today and why did it change so dramatically over time? Eleven spacecraft have successfully flown to Mars since the Viking mission of the 1970s and early 1980s. These orbiters, landers and rovers have generated vast amounts of data that now span a Martian decade (roughly eighteen years). This new volume brings together the many new ideas about the atmosphere and climate system that have emerged, including the complex interplay of the volatile and dust cycles, the atmosphere-surface interactions that connect them over time, and the diversity of the planet's environment and its complex history. Including tutorials and explanations of complicated ideas, students, researchers and non-specialists alike are able to use this resource to gain a thorough and up-to-date understanding of this most Earth-like of planetary neighbours.
Download or read book The GEWEX Global Water Vapor Project GVaP U S Opportunities written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-08-19 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water vapor plays a vital role in shaping weather and climate on Earth. Hence, monitoring water vapor is critical if we are to explain and predict the behavior of the climate system. Unfortunately, measuring and analyzing water vapor on the time and space scales needed for this purpose have proven elusive. Therefore, it is appropriate and timely for the international climate research community, through the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX), to focus a project around water vapor. To this end, a GEWEX Global Water Vapor Project (GVaP) has been proposed, and draft Science and Implementation Plans have been developed. As requested by the U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP), the National Research Council's (NRC) GEWEX Panel has reviewed these plans with an eye toward U.S. priorities.
Download or read book Estimation of Total Precipitable Water Vapour An Empirical Model Approach written by Makama Ezekiel Kaura & Lim Hwee San and published by Penerbit USM. This book was released on 2021-12-08 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book essentially covers: Temporal and spatial distribution of total precipitable water (TPW), derived from ATOVS measurements and radiosonde profiling across different geographical regions and climatic seasons in Peninsular Malaysia. Distribution of TPW at different altitudes (atmospheric layers) namely upper, lower and middle layers. Computation of empirical models correlating TPW at middle and higher atmospheric layers with that of the lower layer in order to establish possible interlayer correlation. Development of models to estimate/predict layered (lower, middle and upper) and TPW using precipitable water obtained from ATOVS satellite data and surface meteorological data (temperature, pressure and relative humidity). Development and comparison of artificial neural networks (ANN) models with the multiple linear regression (MLR) models. Contrasting precipitable water data from ATOVS with radiosonde observations, portrays the former as suitable for studies on TPW. The two sources of water vapour profiles agreed reasonably well, both seasonally and spatially across the different geographical regions and climatic seasons in Peninsular Malaysia. The developed MLR based models provide excellent predictive capabilities with seasonal and spatial dependency, especially during the northeast monsoon and northwards across Peninsular Malaysia.
Download or read book Measuring and Modelling Variations in the Distribution of Atmospheric Water Vapour Using GPS written by Tobias Nilsson and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Assessment of the Quality of GPS Water Vapour Estimates and Their Use in Operational Meteorology and Climate Monitoring written by Jonathan Jones and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The path delay between a GPS satellite and a ground based GPS receiver depends, after elimination of ionospheric effects using a combination of the two GPS frequencies, on the integral effect of the densities of dry air and water vapour along the signal path. The total delay in the signal from each satellite is known as the slant delay as the path is most likely to be non-azimuthal. The slant paths are then transferred into the vertical (or zenith) by an elevation mapping function, and this new parameter is known as the Zenith Total Delay or ZTD. ZTD gives a measure for the integrated tropospheric condition and is now widely accepted as a standard product from a network of dual frequency GPS receivers. With further calculation, taking into account surface pressure and temperature, we can then convert a portion of the ZTD into an estimate of the Integrated Water Vapour content of the atmosphere (IWV). As IWV may potentially change rapidly on a very short timescale, it is the speed at which IWV can be calculated which is of critical importance to short term meteorological forecasting. Often, rapid changes in IWV are associated with high humidity conditions caused by extreme weather events such as thunderstorms. Extreme weather events such as these are typically difficult to predict and track under current operational meteorological systems and, as they have the potential to cause great damage, it is in the interests to both the public and Met Services to significantly improve nowcasting wherever possible. As such the requirement for dense near real-time GPS networks for meteorological applications becomes apparent. Furthermore water vapour is one of the most important constituents of the atmosphere as moisture and latent heat are primarily transmitted through the water vapour phase. As well as this, water vapour is one of the most important greenhouse gases, and as such accurate monitoring of water vapour is of great importance to climatological research. This thesis assesses the quality of GPS water vapour estimates by comparison against a number of other remote sensing instruments to determine what the true value of the water vapour is and how well GPS water vapour estimates accurately represent real atmospheric fluctuations. Through these comparisons we can derive site specific bias corrections and thus, reconstruct a bias corrected time series of data for climate applications. Furthermore to ensure all biases associated with GPS processing changes are removed, a long time series of raw GPS data has been reprocessed under a consistent processing routine to again identify any climate trends in the data. Finally, this thesis addresses the question of whether near real-time GPS derived tropospheric estimates are of sufficient quality for climate applications without the need for time consuming reprocessing.
Download or read book Measurement Methods in Atmospheric Sciences written by Stefan Emeis and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Measurement Methods in Atmospheric Sciences provides a comprehensive overview of in-situ and remote sensing measurement techniques for probing the Earth's atmosphere. The methods presented in this book span the entire range from classical meteorology via atmospheric chemistry and micrometeorological fiux determination to Earth observation from space. Standard instruments for meteorological and air quality monitoring methods, as well as specialized instrumentation predominantly used in scientific experiments, are covered. The presented techniques run from simple mechanical sensors to highly sophisticated electronic devices. Special emphasis is on the rapidly evolving field of remote sensing techniques. Here, active ground-based remote sending techniques such as SODAR and LIDAR find a detailed coverage. The book conveys the basic principles of the various observational and monitoring methods, enabling the user to identify the most appropriate method. An introductory chapter covers general principles (e. g. inversion of measured data, available platforms, statistical properties of data, data acquisition). Later chapters each treat methods for measuring a specific property (e.g. humidity, wind speed, wind direction). Long chapters provide an introductory tabular list of the methods treated. More than 100 figures and 400 references, mostly to the recent scientific literature, aid the reader in reading up on the details of the various methods at hand. Recommendations at the end of each major chapter provide additional hints on the use of some instruments in order to facilitate the selection of the proper instrument for a successful measurement. A large number of national and international standards, providing precise guidelines for measuring and acquiring reliable, reproducible and comparable data sets are listed in the appendix. A dedicated index allows easy access to this valuable information. The book addresses undergraduate and graduate students in meteorological and atmospheric sciences, physical geography, ecology, environmental sciences, agriculture and related disciplines as well as scientists in the process of planning atmospheric measurements in field campaigns or working with data already acquired. Practitioners in environmental agencies and similar institutions will benefit from instrument descriptions and the extended lists in the appendix.' (Publisher)
Download or read book Atmospheric Water Vapour Detection Using Satellite GPS Profiling written by Jacob Grove-Rasmussen and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
