Download or read book Molecular Systematics Historical Biogeography and Evolution of Spider Wasps Hymenoptera written by Juanita Rodriguez and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spider wasps are solitary parasitoids that use one spider to lay a single egg. Even though their behavior seems homogeneous, the features pertaining to nesting and hunting behavior are diverse for different species. There are approximately 5,000 described species, in 120 genera, but there are probably many undescribed species. The systematics of Pompilidae has been studied in recent years, but only morphological data have been used for this purpose. Because of the morphological homogeneity of spider wasps, molecular data may prove promising for understanding the systematics of the group. Furthermore, dated molecular phylogenies calibrated with fossil data may allow studying the historical biogeography and evolution of the group.
Download or read book Systematics and Behavioral Evolution of Spider Wasps Hymenoptera Pompilidae written by Cecilia Waichert Monteiro and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major area of investigation in evolutionary biology is the evolution of complex traits. The number of states, the order in which they arise, and the number of times a trait has evolved interest evolutionary biologists. Such studies are only made possible by reconstructing phylogenies in the context of the taxa. Biological investigations rely on accurate species designations and delimitations, and lack of well-defined taxonomic groups impedes scientific progress. Pompilidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera), popularly known as spider wasps, are predatory insects that provision their offspring with spiders as the sole food source. Adult female wasps attack spiders and paralyze them with venom, then place them in simple nests that are usually dug in the soil. Spider wasps form a large and cosmopolitan family with nearly 5,000 described species. Although all Pompilidae have similar biology, there is considerable variation in the nest construction and provisioning behavior; thus, this family could be useful for understanding the evolution of complex behavior. My study aims to evaluate and solve several taxonomic conflicts in spider wasps by reconstructing the complex evolution of behavioral patterns using a molecular phylogenetic framework. Early stages of sociality are found in spider wasps, such as communalism (females of same generation nesting together). My ultimate goal was to study the evolution of communalism in these wasps. I reconstructed relationships at the subfamily and tribal levels for the family, as well as generic and specific levels for pre-defined lineages using five nuclear markers (28S, EF, Pol2, LWRh, Wg), one mitochondrial marker (COI), and morphological characters. These studies comprise the first attempt to revise generic, tribal, and species delimitations for spider wasps, based on robust molecular evolutionary trees. Finally, by studying early stages of social evolution, my results will provide for a better understanding the evolution of social behavior in Hymenoptera as a whole.
Download or read book The Braconid and Ichneumonid Parasitoid Wasps written by Donald L. J. Quicke and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-01-20 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Ichneumonoidea is a vast and important superfamily of parasitic wasps, with some 60,000 described species and estimated numbers far higher, especially for small-bodied tropical taxa. The superfamily comprises two cosmopolitan families - Braconidae and Ichneumonidae - that have largely attracted separate groups of researchers, and this, to a considerable extent, has meant that understanding of their adaptive features has often been considered in isolation. This book considers both families, highlighting similarities and differences in their adaptations. The classification of the whole of the Ichneumonoidea, along with most other insect orders, has been plagued by typology whereby undue importance has been attributed to particular characters in defining groups. Typology is a common disease of traditional taxonomy such that, until recently, quite a lot of taxa have been associated with the wrong higher clades. The sheer size of the group, and until the last 30 or so years, lack of accessible identification materials, has been a further impediment to research on all but a handful of ‘lab rat’ species usually cultured initially because of their potential in biological control. New evidence, largely in the form of molecular data, have shown that many morphological, behavioural, physiological and anatomical characters associated with basic life history features, specifically whether wasps are ecto- or endoparasitic, or idiobiont or koinobiont, can be grossly misleading in terms of the phylogeny they suggest. This book shows how, with better supported phylogenetic hypotheses entomologists can understand far more about the ways natural selection is acting upon them. This new book also focuses on this superfamily with which the author has great familiarity and provides a detailed coverage of each subfamily, emphasising anatomy, taxonomy and systematics, biology, as well as pointing out the importance and research potential of each group. Fossil taxa are included and it also has sections on biogeography, global species richness, culturing and rearing and preparing specimens for taxonomic study. The book highlights areas where research might be particularly rewarding and suggests systems/groups that need investigation. The author provides a large compendium of references to original research on each group. This book is an essential workmate for all postgraduates and researchers working on ichneumonoid or other parasitic wasps worldwide. It will stand as a reference book for a good number of years, and while rapid advances in various fields such as genomics and host physiological interactions will lead to new information, as an overall synthesis of the current state it will stay relevant for a long time.
Download or read book The Evolution of Social Wasps written by James H. Hunt and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-03-27 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social behavior occurs in some of the smallest animals as well as some the largest, and the transition from solitary life to sociality is an unsolved evolutionary mystery. In The Evolution of Social Wasps, James H. Hunt examines social behavior in a single lineage of insects, wasps of the family Vespidae. He presents empirical knowledge of social wasps from two approaches, one that focuses on phylogeny and life history and one that focuses on individual ontogeny, colony development, and population dynamics. He also provides an extensive summary of the existing literature while demonstrating how it can be clouded by theory. Hunt's fresh approach to the conflicting literature on sociality highlights how oft repeated models can become fixed in the thinking of the scientific community. Instead, Hunt presents a mechanistic scenario for the evolution of sociality in wasps that changes our perspective on kin selection, the paradigm that has dominated thinking about social evolution since the 1970s. This innovative new model integrates life history, nutrition, fitness and ecology in which social insect biologists will find a rich storehouse of ideas and information, and behavioral ecologists will find a bracing challenge to long accepted models. Engagingly written, bold, and provocative, The Evolution of Social Wasps marks a milestone in our understanding of one of lifes major evolutionary transitions - the origin of social behavior.
Download or read book Hymenoptera written by Andrew Austin and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2000 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Hymenoptera is one of the largest orders of terrestrial anthropods and compromises the sawflies, wasps, ants, bees and parasitic wasps. This book examines the current state of all major areas of research for this important group of insects, including systematics, biological control, behaviour and use in education.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Biology written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-04-14 with total page 2138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Biology, Four Volume Set is the definitive go-to reference in the field of evolutionary biology. It provides a fully comprehensive review of the field in an easy to search structure. Under the collective leadership of fifteen distinguished section editors, it is comprised of articles written by leading experts in the field, providing a full review of the current status of each topic. The articles are up-to-date and fully illustrated with in-text references that allow readers to easily access primary literature. While all entries are authoritative and valuable to those with advanced understanding of evolutionary biology, they are also intended to be accessible to both advanced undergraduate and graduate students. Broad topics include the history of evolutionary biology, population genetics, quantitative genetics; speciation, life history evolution, evolution of sex and mating systems, evolutionary biogeography, evolutionary developmental biology, molecular and genome evolution, coevolution, phylogenetic methods, microbial evolution, diversification of plants and fungi, diversification of animals, and applied evolution. Presents fully comprehensive content, allowing easy access to fundamental information and links to primary research Contains concise articles by leading experts in the field that ensures current coverage of each topic Provides ancillary learning tools like tables, illustrations, and multimedia features to assist with the comprehension process
Download or read book Spiderwebs and Silk written by Catherine L. Craig and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2003-08-21 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Links the molecular evolution of silk proteins to the evolution and behavioral ecology of web-spinning spiders and other arthropods. This book presents an integrated understanding of an interesting biological system at the molecular and organizational levels.
Download or read book A Taxonomic Study of the Nearctic Spider Wasps Belonging to the Tribe Pompilini Hymenoptera written by Howard Ensign Evans and published by Forgotten Books. This book was released on 2017-05-25 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from A Taxonomic Study of the Nearctic Spider Wasps Belonging to the Tribe Pompilini (Hymenoptera: Pompilidae), Vol. 1 Up to the year 1865 a few miscellaneous North American Pompilidae had been described by Linnaeus, Fabricius, Say, Smith, and a few others. In that year appeared the first of several papers by E. T. Cresson, .in which he greatly increased our knowledge Of these wasps. Of particular note is Cresson's Notes On the Pompilidae Of North America, which was the first attempt at an organized treatment Of the members Of the family on this continent.1 Although without keys, it is a most valuable descrip tive work and a necessary source Of reference for all subsequent workers. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
Download or read book The Biology of the Nearctic Spider Wasps Hymenoptera Pompilidae written by Carl Masaru Yoshimoto and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Systematics and Biogeography of Hyptiogastrine Wasps Hymenoptera Gasteruptiidae written by John T. Jennings and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study has investigated the phylogenetic relationships among genera and species of hyptiogastrine wasps, examined whether the current distribution of taxa can be explained by vicariance events, and revised the taxonomy of species. (summary)
Download or read book On Molecular Phylogeny of Vespidae Hymenoptera and the Evolution of Sociality in Wasps written by James M. Carpenter and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Taxonomic Study of the Nearctic Spider Wasps Belonging to the Tribe Pompilini written by Howard Ensign Evans and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book From Gondwana to GAARlandia written by Lisa Chamberland and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The distributions of Earth's flora and fauna are shaped by a myriad of biotic and abiotic factors including dispersal capacity, and the geologic histories of landscapes. The relative importance of long-distance (overland or overwater) dispersal and vicariance, or the subsequent separations of populations via physical barriers (e.g. mountains, rivers, oceans) in shaping the disjunct distribution of taxa, are the two main biogeographic hypotheses used to explain disjunct distributions. This research explored the evolutionary histories of spiders to test how long-distance dispersal and vicariance have generated species diversity and distributions are shaped on local and global scales. In the first part of this study, we investigated the evolutionary history of Deinopis (the net-casting spider) and Gasteracantha (the spiny backed spider), in the Caribbean. The Caribbean islands are a biodiversity hotspot characterized by islands with unique geologic histories and heterogeneous landscapes rich in endemic species. Using a combination of phylogenomic data and biogeographic hypothesis testing, we tested the role of the Greater Antilles Aves Ridge (GAARlandia) in the colonization of these spiders into the Caribbean. This postulated land bridge would have connected South America to the Greater Antilles 33-35 million years ago and served as a temporary corridor for taxa to disperse overland to the islands. We found high levels of endemism within Deinopis in addition to support for a GAARlandia mediated dispersal to the Greater Antilles. In contrast, Gasteracantha, dispersed to the Caribbean long after the disappearance of GAARlandia and we find evidence of high ongoing gene flow among islands and between the islands and the mainland. For our global study, we examined the role of Gondwana, the southern portion of the supercontinent Pangaea, in evolution of the family Deinopidae. We found a complex biogeographic history of deinopids characterized by Upper Cretaceous vicariance as South America was splitting from Arica followed by multiple long-distance, transoceanic dispersals. These results suggest that, while the breakup of Gondwana was important for early deinopid diversification we nevertheless document long-distance dispersals as a more important factor in the distributions of deinopids than previously hypothesized.
Download or read book An Annotated Catalogue of the Spider Wasps Hymenoptera Pompilidae of Russia written by Valery M. Loktionov and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Taxonomic Study of the Nearctic Spider Wasps Belonging to the Tribe Pompilini Hymenoptera written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Taxonomic Study of the Nearctic Spider Wasps Belonging to the Tribe Pompilini Hymenoptera written by Howard Ensign Evans and published by Nabu Press. This book was released on 2013-10 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Social Insects written by Christopher K. Starr and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-01-10 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive, multi-author treatise on the social insects of the world, with some auxiliary attention to such adjacent topics as subsocial insects and social arachnids. The work is to serve as a very convenient, yet authoritative reference work on the biology and systematics of social insects of the world. This is a project of the International Union for the Study of Social Insects (IUSSI), the worldwide organizing body for the scientific study of social insects.
