Download or read book Molecular Dissection of G protein Coupled Receptor Signaling and Oligomerization written by Michael J. Rizzo and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a superfamily of transmembrane proteins responsible for transducing extracellular stimuli into intracellular responses. GPCRs are indispensable to a vast variety of distinct physiologies and behaviors and represent approximately 50% of all human drug targets. However, considerable debate exists as to the structural basis for GPCR activation, with a classical monomeric (two state model) conflicting with a growing number of reports indicating that these receptors form higher order functional oligomers. These receptor-receptor interactions can impact receptor trafficking, ligand sensitivity, desensitization, and strength of effector response. As such, an understanding of GPCR oligomerization is indispensable to our overall understanding of receptor dynamics. Additionally, the specific molecular events underlying receptor activation and signaling remain incompletely understood. Since the initial discovery of the GPCR receptor family, a number of conserved amino acid motifs have been identified that have been shown to play specific and critical roles in GPCR activation, intracellular G-protein coupling, and receptor desensitization. Still, many of these motifs remain incompletely described, with some motifs having only been evaluated in a small subset of receptors, and experimental evidence suggests that in some cases, these conserved motifs may have divergent roles in specific receptor subfamilies. As such, the conservation of these motifs throughout GPCR evolution represents and interesting and unresolved aspect of GPCR function. The goal of this research was two-fold. In one study, I utilized a combination of bioinformatics, site-directed mutagenesis, signaling assays, and fluorescent microscopy techniques to evaluate the functional role and evolutionary conservation of a specific amino acid motif, the WxFG motif, which is present in approximately 90% of all Class A receptors. Our investigation showed that, in contrast to previous studies of this motif, disruption of the WxFG motif results in trafficking defects across a range of GPCRs representing multiple Class A GPCR subfamilies, regardless of taxa. A second study evaluated whether Drosophila GPCRs, specifically a subset of neuropeptide receptors, assembled as higher order structures at the plasma membrane. While there have been many receptors shown to assemble as dimers or oligomers at the plasma membrane since the phenomenon was first recognized over two decades ago, the majority of these studies focused on vertebrate GPCRs, and the question of whether invertebrate GPCRs show similar phenotypes has been poorly evaluated, and to date, no Drosophila GPCR has been empirically demonstrated to assemble as a dimer. To gain a deeper understanding of GPCR molecular assembly, I evaluated multiple Drosophila receptors utilizing FRET microscopy to determine both the prevalence of GPCR dimerization among Drosophila neuropeptide receptors, and determine whether dimerization is conserved across taxa in specific receptor subfamilies. This investigation showed that all Drosophila GPCRs tested were able to assemble as homodimers when expressed in a heterologous expression system, suggesting that not only do Drosophila GPCRs likely assemble as higher order structures at the plasma membrane, but also that the phenomenon of receptor dimerization is an ancient property of the receptor superfamily that has been conserved throughout GPCR evolution. Taken together, these investigations further our understanding of the molecular events underlying GPCR signaling, and suggest that many aspects of receptor function are not taxa specific, and are likely fundamental features of GPCR function that have been conserved throughout the evolution of this receptor superfamily.
Download or read book Oligomerization and Allosteric Modulation in G Protein Coupled Receptors written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this thematic volume of Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science, researchers reflect on recent developments and research surrounding G protein-coupled receptors. The chapters cover a large breadth of research, including GPCR role in stem cell function and pharmacology. Authors explore in-depth research techniques and applications of GPCR usage, covering theory, laboratory approaches, and unique qualities that make GPCRs a crucial tool in microbiological and cancer research. Contributions from leading authorities Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field
Download or read book G Protein Coupled Receptors written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-01-24 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new volume of Methods in Enzymology continues the legacy of this premier serial by containing quality chapters authored by leaders in the field. This volume covers G protein coupled receptors and includes chapters on such topics as G protein-coupled receptor trafficking motifs, structure-based virtual screening, and automation-friendly high throughput assays for identification of pharmacoperone drugs. Continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field Covers G protein coupled receptors Contains chapters on such topics as G protein-coupled receptor trafficking motifs, structure-based virtual screening, and automation-friendly high-throughput assays for identifying pharmacoperone drugs
Download or read book G Protein Coupled Receptors Emerging Paradigms in Activation Signaling and Regulation Part A written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-04-23 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: G Protein-Coupled Receptors: Emerging Paradigms in Activation, Signaling and Regulation, Part A, Volume 337 in the International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology series, reviews and details current advances in cell and molecular biology. The IRCMB series has a worldwide readership, maintaining a high standard by publishing invited articles on important and timely topics that are authored by prominent cell and molecular biologists. This new release includes comprehensive sections on the classical paradigms of GCPR signaling and regulation, the family of small GTPases: Beyond heterotrimeric G proteins, GPCR endocytosis: Arrestins, arrestin-like proteins, signaling from internalized G Protein-Coupled Receptors, GPCR kinases, and more. Publishes only invited review articles on selected topics Authored by established and active cell and molecular biologists whose work is drawn from international sources Offers a wide range of perspectives on specific subjects
Download or read book G Protein Coupled Receptors written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-02-26 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: G-Protein-Coupled Receptors: Signaling, Trafficking, and Regulation, a new volume in the Methods in Cell Biology series continues the legacy of this premier serial with quality chapters authored by leaders in the field. This volume covers research methods in G-Protein-Coupled Receptors, and includes sections on such topics signaling, trafficking and regulation. Covers the increasingly appreciated cell biology field of G-protein-coupled receptors Includes both established and new technologies Contributed by experts in the field Covers topics such as signaling, trafficking, and regulation
Download or read book G Protein Coupled Receptor Signaling written by Mario Tiberi and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2019-03-01 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This detailed volume assembles comprehensive protocols to assist with the study of structural, molecular, cell biological, and in vivo facets of GPCRs, and to enable the development of experimental tools for screening novel GPCR drugs. Sections explore the tweaking of ligands, bioluminescence and FRET approaches, specific GPCR signaling properties, as well as visualization of subcellular compartmentalization. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal reference for life scientists working in a variety of research fields including molecular pharmacology, cell and developmental biology, brain behavior and physiology, drug development and screening. Chapter 4 is available open access under a CC BY 4.0 license via link.springer.com.
Download or read book Dissection of a Novel G protein Coupled Receptor Signaling Network written by John Sverre Lyssand and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book G Protein Coupled Receptors written by Sandra Siehler and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-09-30 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive overview of recent discoveries and current understandings of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Recent advances include the first mammalian non-rhodopsin GPCR structures and reconstitution of purified GPCRs into membrane discs for defined studies, novel signaling features including oligomerization, and advances in understanding the complex ligand pharmacology and physiology of GPCRs, in new assay technologies and drug targeting. The authors take time to detail the importance of the pathophysiological function and drug targeting of GPCRs, specifically β-adrenoceptors in cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, metabotropic glutamate receptors in CNS disorders, S1P receptors in the immune system, and Wnt/Frizzled receptors in osteoporosis. This book will be invaluable to researchers and graduate students in academia and industry who are interested in the GPCR field.
Download or read book G Protein Coupled Receptors Part A written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-11-08 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: G Protein-Coupled Receptors, Part A, Volume 193 in the Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science series, highlights new advances in the field. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest class of cell surface proteins with an intricate involvement of nearly every physiological process in our body. Approximately, one third of the clinically prescribed medicines target GPCRs and the quest to improve the exiting GPCR-targeting therapeutics continues. These two volumes are focused on activation, signaling and regulation of GPCRs with specific examples of receptor systems and cellular processes. Covers a broad range of topics related to GPCR activation and signaling Covers several receptor systems with an emphasis on emerging paradigms Covers different processes and model systems with a focus on GPCRs
Download or read book G Protein coupled Receptor Signaling in Plants written by Mark P. Running and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remarkably, while G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are highly prevalent in animals and yeast, very few candidate GPCRs have been identified in plants. In G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling in Plants: Methods and Protocols, experts in the field describe techniques used in the study of small GTPases and related proteins. Beginning with a chapter on bioinformatics approaches for GPCR discovery, this detailed volume continues with chapters on heterotrimeric G protein subunits, Rab-GTPases, as well as lipid modifications, including myristoylation, acylation, and prenylation. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Practical and dependable, G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling in Plants: Methods and Protocols aims to aid further studies into the roles of small GTPases which will help elucidate numerous key processes in plants.
Download or read book DeGroot s Endocrinology E Book written by R. Paul Robertson and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2022-09-29 with total page 2539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thoroughly updated to reflect today's recent advances in adult and pediatric endocrinology, DeGroot’s Endocrinology, 8th Edition, remains the comprehensive, international reference of choice for today’s endocrinologists and fellows. A full peer review of the previous edition, conducted by a largely new group of renowned editors, was used to update this trusted, two-volume resource. In-depth coverage of both basic and clinical aspects of endocrinology and up-to-date information on the treatment and management of endocrine disorders are provided by a diverse group of expert contributors from six continents. A full-color format and helpful algorithms summarize clinical decision-making and practical approaches to patient management. Organizes content by all the glands that regulate the endocrine system while integrating basic science and clinical presentations of disease. Includes new chapters: Anatomy and Physiology of the Hypothalmus and Pituitary, Differentiated Thyroid Cancer, Medullary Thyroid Cancer, Drugs that Affect Thyroid Function, Genetic Disorders of the Adrenal Cortex, Adrenal Pathology, Primary Aldosteronism, Transgender Healthcare, Erectile Dysfunction, Prevalence and Causes of Male Infertility, Sexual Dysfunction in the Female, Glucose Toxicity and Oxidative Stress. Emphasizes basic science and evidence-based practice throughout. Features extensive updates to content on thyroid and adrenal disfunction, endocrine-disrupting chemicals and human disease, clinical management of diabetes, and advances in genetics. Includes algorithms to outline effective treatment protocols. Contains new emphasis boxes that highlight key points in each chapter.
Download or read book Oligomerization in Health and Disease written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-05-07 with total page 667 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This special volume of Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science focuses on oligomerization in health and disease. Contributions from leading authorities Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field
Download or read book Protein Dimerization and Oligomerization in Biology written by Jacqueline M. Matthews and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-04 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume has a strong focus on homo-oligomerization, which is surprisingly common. However, protein function is so often linked to both homo- and hetero-oligomerization and many heterologous interactions likely evolved from homologous interaction, so this volume also covers many aspects of hetero-oligomerization.
Download or read book Pediatric Endocrinology written by Mark A. Sperling and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2014-04-10 with total page 1108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a single, convenient volume, Pediatric Endocrinology offers complete coverage of all aspects of basic science and clinical practice, ideal for both pediatricians and endocrinologists. Pediatric endocrinology expert Dr. Mark Sperling teams up with world-renowned authors to bring you up to date with the latest key developments in every area of the field, providing invaluable guidance on how your clinical decision making will be affected by today’s technological and scientific advances. Consult this title on your favorite e-reader, conduct rapid searches, and adjust font sizes for optimal readability. Determine the best possible course for every patient with easy-to-follow algorithms in every clinical chapter. Stay up to date with today’s hottest topics, including neonatal diabetes mellitus, Type II childhood diabetes, molecular endocrinology, and genetics. Explore the impact of today’s advances and challenges, including explosive growth in molecular biology, sophisticated imaging techniques, and an increase in both pediatric diabetes and obesity. Quickly access the information you need with a new, streamlined organization (Concepts, Endocrine Disorders of the Newborn, Endocrine Disorders of Childhood and Adolescence, and Laboratory Tests and Imaging).
Download or read book Science In Medicine written by Ushma S. Neill and published by Jones & Bartlett Learning. This book was released on 2007-10-31 with total page 1180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Science in Medicine: The JCI Textbook of Molecular Medicine is a collection of acclaimed articles published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation during the Journal’s tenure at Columbia University. The society that publishes the JCI, the American Society for Clinical Investigation (ASCI), is an honor society of physician scientists, representing those who are at the forefront of translating findings in the laboratory to the advancement of clinical practice. This textbook brings together state-of-the-art reviews written by the world's leading authorities, including many ASCI members. The reviews examine the molecular mechanisms underlying a wide array of diseases and disorders affecting all major organ systems. The fundamentals of the organ or physiological systems in question are present alongside the underlying genetic or physiological abnormalities that result in disease. This text illustrates the translation of basic scientific knowledge into the current practice of clinical medicine. The reviews provide an authoritative and comprehensive overview by building on known scientific concepts and treatment of human disease while exploring where these advances might take medicine over the next decade. The book is a valuable resource for medical students, graduate students, house staff, attending and practicing physicians, and biomedical researchers.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules written by Sangdun Choi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-15 with total page 6330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of this encyclopedia presents over 400 biologically important signaling molecules and the content is built on the core concepts of their functions along with early findings written by some of the world’s foremost experts. The molecules are described by recognized leaders in each molecule. The interactions of these single molecules in signal transduction networks will also be explored. This encyclopedia marks a new era in overview of current cellular signaling molecules for the specialist and the interested non-specialist alike. Currently, there are more than 30,000 genes in human genome. However, not all the proteins encoded by these genes work equally in order to maintain homeostasis. Understanding the important signaling molecules as completely as possible will significantly improve our research-based teaching and scientific capabilities.
Download or read book Behavioral Neuroscience of Orexin Hypocretin written by Andrew J Lawrence and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-29 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue of Current Topics in Behavioral Neuroscience focuses on the neuropeptide orexin (hypocretin) and brings together scientists from around the world who will provide a timely discussion of how this peptide regulates behavior. This is a fast-moving field, and with the incorporation of novel technologies, new breakthroughs are likely to continue. For example, the use of optogenetic approaches has enabled the identification of the role of orexin-containing neurons in arousal states, critical for higher order functioning. From a clinical perspective, genetic polymorphisms in hypocretin/orexin and orexin receptors are implicated in a number of psychiatric disorders. In addition, advanced clinical trials are currently underway for orexin receptor antagonists in the treatment of insomnia and sleep disorders. We aim to capture a broad audience of basic scientists and clinicians.
