Download or read book Molecular Cloning of Hormone Genes written by Joel F. Habener and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The peptide hormones are small proteins that regulate cellular metabolism through their specific interactions with tissues of the endocrine, nervous, and immune systems, as well as in embry onic development. During the past ten years, refinements in the techniques of recombinant DNA technology have resulted in the cloning of genes encoding approximately 50 different hormonal and regulatory peptides, including those in which the peptides themselves and the mRNAs encoding the peptides are present in only trace amounts in the tissues of origin. In addition to provid ing the coding sequences of recognized hormonal and regulatory peptides, gene sequencing has uncovered new bioactive peptides encoded in the precursor pro hormones that are then liberated along with the hormonal peptides during cellular cleavages of the precursors. The encoding of multiple peptides in a single mono cistronic mRNA appears to be a genetic mechanism for the gener ation of biologic diversification without requiring amplification of gene sequences. Two of the objectives in the assembly of this book are to pre sent, in one volume, the known primary structures of the genes encoding several of the polypeptide hormones and related regulatory peptides, and to provide an account of the various ap proaches that have been used to identify and select the cloned genes encoding these polypeptides. The contents of the two in troductory chapters are intended to provide the reader with a brief background of the approaches to gene cloning and the struc ture and expression of hormone-encoding genes.

Download or read book Molecular Biology of the Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book New Directions for Biosciences Research in Agriculture written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1985-01-01 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Authored by an integrated committee of plant and animal scientists, this review of newer molecular genetic techniques and traditional research methods is presented as a compilation of high-reward opportunities for agricultural research. Directed to the Agricultural Research Service and the agricultural research community at large, the volume discusses biosciences research in genetic engineering, animal science, plant science, and plant diseases and insect pests. An optimal climate for productive research is discussed.

Download or read book Molecular Cloning of Atlantic Salmon Pituitary Hormone Genes written by Samuel A. M. Martin and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Gene Regulation by Steroid Hormones III written by Arun K. Roy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of steroid hormone action has continued to expand into the realm of molecular biology at a pace even faster than most of us ever imagined. techniques of molecular biology have made it possible to clone The hormone-regulated genes and to examine steroid-receptor interactions with these genes. Nucleotide sequences of these genes, which show preferential binding of steroid receptors, have been identified. These results are complemented by the identification of chromatin acceptor proteins, which also show preferential binding for steroid-receptor complexes. Thus, one can envision the day when cloned genes, purified acceptor proteins, and receptor-steroid complexes will be recombined in vitro to form a functional unit. Cellular localization of steroid receptors has undergone recent revision, and it now appears that receptors are localized primarily in the nuclear compartment. These findings, although controversial, will lead to a reassessment of many of the previous concepts of steroid-receptor interactions and regulation. The way in which these observations at the of physiology, molecular and cellular levels fit into the overall scheme development, and evolution are continuing to progress, and the future promises some very exciting syntheses of understanding at all levels of biological organization. The third Meadow Brook Conference on hormones was held in order to bring together investigators who will undoubtedly contribute heavily to this future synthesis and to permit a free exchange of ideas and concepts as they relate to the current state-of-the-art in molecular endocrinology. Spring 1986 ARUN K. Roy JAMES H. CLARK Contents Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Download or read book The ABCs of Gene Cloning written by Dominic Wong and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-31 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clear and concise, this easy-to-use text offers an introductory course on the language of gene cloning, covering microbial, plant, and animal systems. The essential concepts in biology relevant to the understanding of gene cloning are presented in a well-organized and accessible manner. This updated version of the first edition is an invaluable book for nonscientists as well as scientists with little background knowledge in gene cloning, providing a wealth of information for anyone wishing to gain proficiency in reading and speaking the language of gene cloning.

Download or read book Steriod Regulation of Growth Hormone Gene Expression and Molecular Cloning of Estrogen Receptors in Chinese Grass Carp written by Kit-Wa Anthea To and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Steriod Regulation of Growth Hormone Gene Expression and Molecular Cloning of Estrogen Receptors in Chinese Grass Carp" by Kit-wa, Anthea, To, 杜潔華, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled STEROID REGULATION OF GROWTH HORMONE GENE EXPRESSION AND MOLECULAR CLONING OF ESTROGEN RECEPTORS IN CHINESE GRASS CARP Submitted by TO KIT WA ANTHEA for the degree of Master of Philosophy at The University of Hong Kong in December 2002 Hormones from the steroid/ thyroid superfamily are key regulators for body growth and metabolism in animals. Part of this mechanism is mediated via steroid/ thyroid hormone modulation of growth hormone (GH) synthesis at the pituitary level. In this study, using a static incubation approach, a systematic survey was conducted in vitro to examine the effects of sex steroids, adrenocorticoids, and thyroid hormone on GH mRNA expression in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) pituitary cells. Sex steroids, including estradiol, testosterone, and the estrogen agonist diethylstilbestrol, increased GH mRNA levels in grass carp pituitary cells. These stimulatory actions reached their peaks at submicromolar concentrations. In a similar dose range, progesterone did not affect basal GH mRNA expression and a slight inhibition was observed when the doses were increased to micromolar levels. Glucocorticoids, including hydrocortisone, corticosterone, and the synthetic analog dexamethasone, suppressed GH mRNA levels when tested at high micromolar doses. Unlike glucocorticoids, a slight elevation in GH mRNA levels was noted when pituitary cells were exposed to submicromolar doses of aldosterone. In parallel studies, retinoic acid and thyroid hormone did not alter basal GH mRNA expression in grass carp pituitary cells. Data provides evidence that steroid hormones can differentially regulate GH gene expression in grass carp by acting directly at the pituitary cell level. Among the hormones tested, estradiol was a potent stimulant for GH mRNA expression. Molecular cloning of grass carp estrogen receptors (ER) was also performed. Using 5' and 3' RACE, three isoforms of grass carp ERs, namely ERα, ERβ-S and ERβ-L, were cloned. They were highly homologous to the ERα and ERβ reported in other fish species. The full-length cDNAs of grass carp ERα (1692 bp), ERβ-S (2091 bp) and ERβ-L (2707 bp) carried the open reading frames of ERs composing of 564, 605, and 697 amino acids, respectively. RT-PCR also revealed that transcripts for ERα and ERβs could be identified in a variety of tissues in the carp, including the brain, pituitary, muscle, gonad, gill, heart, spleen, liver, and intestine. To characterize the pharmacological properties of the cloned ERs, functional expression of grass carp ERα, ERβ-S and ERβ-L was conducted in CHO-K1 cells. In the presence of estradiol, the ERs expressed were effective in activating a luciferase reporter gene with estrogen-responsive promoter elements. These stimulatory actions were specific for estradiol and could not be mimicked by parallel treatments with testosterone, progesterone, hydrocortisone, or thyroid hormone. Furthermore, estradiol-stimulated luciferase expression in CHO-K1 cells with expressed ERα, ERβ-S and ERβ-L could be partially inhibited or abolished by a simultaneous treatment with the estrogen antagonists, tamoxifen and ICI182780. These results strongly indicate that the newly cloned ERα, ERβ-S and ERβ-L are functional receptors for estrogen in grass carp. The cloning studi

Download or read book Gene Cloning written by Julia Lodge and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2007-02-08 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to successfully clone genes underlies the majority of our knowledge in molecular and cellular biology. Gene Cloning introduces the diverse array of techniques available to clone genes and how they can be used effectively both in the research laboratory, to gain knowledge about the gene, and for use in biotechnology, medicine, the pharmaceutical industry, and agriculture. It shows how cloning genes is an integral part of genomics and underlines its relevance in the post-genomic age, as a tool required to test predictions of gene regulation and function made through bioinformatics. Applications of gene cloning in medicine, both for diagnosis and treatment, and in the pharmaceutical industry and agriculture, are also covered in the book. Gene Cloning takes a fresh approach to teaching molecular and cellular biology and will be a valuable resource to both undergraduates and lecturers of biological and biomedical science courses.

Download or read book Gene Regulation by Steroid Hormones written by A.K. Roy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within the last two decades endocrinological research has taken a definite tum toward biochemistry and molecular biology. This has resulted in a new discipline called' 'molecular endocrinology. " Studies on the mechanism of hormone action have continued to make headlines with fundamental discov eries in receptor action and gene regulation. Recently the insect endocrino logists have also begun to explore the molecular mechanism of steroid hor mone action taking advantage of the vast number of Drosophila mutants, the library of Drosophila gene, and several well-characterized cell-lines. The availability ofthe recombinant DNA technology has provided a truly revolu tionary tool in the hands of the molecular endocrinologists. "Gene Regula tion by Steroid Hormones" is compiled and presented in this frontier spirit, and we hope that this volume will serve not only the active investigators in the field but will also be very useful to students and researchers with a gen eral interest in regulatory biology. The book is an offshoot of the Conference on Molecular Mechanism of Steroid Hormone Action held at the Meadow Brook Mansion of Oakland University in the fall of 1978. We wish to acknowledge the financial assist ance from the National Science Foundation and Oakland University. The conferees will never forget the warmest hospitality of Dr. LOWELL EKLUND and his staff at the Meadow Brook center and we also wish to express per sonal gratitude to many of our students and colleagues for helping us to make the conference a great success.

Download or read book Molecular Cloning of Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar Pituitary Hormone Genes written by Samuel Allen Moore Martin and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Molecular Cloning and Functional Studies of Cyprinid Calmodulin written by Longfei Huo and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Molecular Cloning and Functional Studies of Cyprinid Calmodulin" by Longfei, Huo, 霍龍飛, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Abstract of thesis entitled MOLECULAR CLONING AND FUNCTIONAL STUDIES OF CYPRINID CALMODULIN Submitted by Huo Longfei for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Hong Kong in May 2004 2+ Calmodulin (CaM) is a Ca -binding protein essential for eukaryotic cells. In mammals, modulation of CaM gene expression in regulating the functionality of the brain-pituitary-axis has not been characterized. In lower vertebrates, functional studies on CaM gene expression in the pituitary still await investigation. By using the members of the Cyprinid family as animal models, the role of CaM gene expression in the pituitary in mediating the signal input from the hypothalamus and the expression of growth hormone (GH) gene was examined. Firstly, CaM cDNAs were isolated from the pituitaries of goldfish and grass carp. The ORF of these cDNAs encodes the same CaM protein as that of mammals. These cDNAs can be grouped with the β-subtype of fish CaM cDNAs and are structurally related to the mammalian CaM-I gene subfamily. In both goldfish and grass carp, CaM mRNA is ubiquitously expressed. In goldfish pituitary cells, activation of cAMP- or PKC-dependent pathways increased CaM mRNA levels, whereas the opposite was true 2+ for the induction of Ca entry. Basal levels of CaM mRNA were accentuated by GnRH and PACAP but were suppressed by dopaminergic stimulation through pituitary D2 receptors. These results demonstrate for the first time that pituitary CaM gene expression can be regulated by functional interactions among hypothalamic factors. To study the role of CaM in pituitary hormone gene expression, the possible involvement of CaM expression in IGF feedback on GH gene transcription was tested in carp pituitary cells. In this case, IGF-I/-II increased the amount of CaM mRNA with a concurrent drop in the GH mRNA levels. The stimulatory effect was not mimicked by insulin. CaM antagonism also increased GH mRNA expression in grass carp pituitary cells whereas CaM over-expression could reduce GH promoter activity. These results, as a whole, imply that the attenuation of GH gene expression by IGF is mediated by CaM gene expression in grass carp pituitary cells. To further examine the mechanisms of regulating CaM gene expression in fish, the full-length CaM gene was cloned in grass carp by intron trapping and genome- walking. This CaM gene is 12-Kb in size and has the same structural organization as that of human CaM genes. The 5'-promoter of this carp CaM gene is AT rich rather than GC rich and contains a TATA box, indicating that the gene is not a typical "house- keeping" gene. 5'-Deletion analysis has revealed that a strong silencer element is located within the region from -1509bp to -1369bp in the CaM promoter. In addition, the 5'-UTR has strong influence on the carp CaM promoter activity. By the use of a reporter gene approach, the grass carp CaM promoter could be activated in α-T3-1 cells by IGFs, insulin, and PKC activators, but was suppressed by PACAP, forskolin, cAMP analog, CaM antagonist, and CaMK-II inhibitor. Transcription factors Sp1 and Sp3, but not Pit-1, were also effective in suppressing the CaM promoter activity. These results indicate that CaM gene transcription in the fish model is regulated by hormones, probably through various signaling pathways and transcription factors. DOI:

Download or read book Safety of Genetically Engineered Foods written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-07-08 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assists policymakers in evaluating the appropriate scientific methods for detecting unintended changes in food and assessing the potential for adverse health effects from genetically modified products. In this book, the committee recommended that greater scrutiny should be given to foods containing new compounds or unusual amounts of naturally occurring substances, regardless of the method used to create them. The book offers a framework to guide federal agencies in selecting the route of safety assessment. It identifies and recommends several pre- and post-market approaches to guide the assessment of unintended compositional changes that could result from genetically modified foods and research avenues to fill the knowledge gaps.

Download or read book Sources of Medical Technology written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-01-01 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evidence suggests that medical innovation is becoming increasingly dependent on interdisciplinary research and on the crossing of institutional boundaries. This volume focuses on the conditions governing the supply of new medical technologies and suggest that the boundaries between disciplines, institutions, and the private and public sectors have been redrawn and reshaped. Individual essays explore the nature, organization, and management of interdisciplinary R&D in medicine; the introduction into clinical practice of the laser, endoscopic innovations, cochlear implantation, cardiovascular imaging technologies, and synthetic insulin; the division of innovating labor in biotechnology; the government- industry-university interface; perspectives on industrial R&D management; and the growing intertwining of the public and proprietary in medical technology.

Download or read book Genetic Engineering of Plants written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1984-02-01 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The book...is, in fact, a short text on the many practical problems...associated with translating the explosion in basic biotechnological research into the next Green Revolution," explains Economic Botany. The book is "a concise and accurate narrative, that also manages to be interesting and personal...a splendid little book." Biotechnology states, "Because of the clarity with which it is written, this thin volume makes a major contribution to improving public understanding of genetic engineering's potential for enlarging the world's food supply...and can be profitably read by practically anyone interested in application of molecular biology to improvement of productivity in agriculture."

Download or read book The Pituitary Transcription Factor Pit 1 written by Ruoping Chen and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Molecular Endocrinology written by Gill Rumsby and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2020-07-26 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume in the Human Molecular Genetics series is an invaluable text for endocrinologists wishing to update their knowledge. It also provides an excellent grounding in the basic genetics of molecular endocrinology and relevant analytical techniques.

Download or read book Understanding DNA and Gene Cloning written by Karl Drlica and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do You Realize How Much Impact DNA Technology has on Your Life Today? Registering your child's DNA with the police.bold new medical cures.the perfect tomato.gene cloning and DNA manipulation are no longer remote events that will have impact in your life - they are today's headlines! In this highly-acclaimed guide, Karl Drlica fully explains the basis of the ongoing genetic revolution. He guides you through the science and technology you need to understand the issues and make crucial decisions. Each step of the way he explains complex topics using easy-to-understand analogies. This basic information will help you: * Take advantage of the benefits emerging from the new genetics. * Protect yourself from the discrimination that may arise from release of genetic information. * Make informed political decisions about how much DNA technology will impact your life. "With the Genetic Revolution happening in the court rooms and doctors offices, this book is required reading for jurors, those concerned with genetic disease, or just the curious!"- Richard R. Sinden, Ph. D., Center for Genome Research, Texas A&M University "Successful investing in biotechnology requires knowledge of the science which drives it. Karl Drlica explains it in layman's terms."- Edward F. Tills, Second Vice President, Financial Consultant, Smith Barney, Inc. "The best text available to give the non-scientist or the scientist from a different field the necessary information to appreciate the implications of the latest genetic revolution."- Robert G. Fowler, Ph.D., San Jose University