Download or read book Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of the Legume Rhizobia Symbiosis written by Jianping Wang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-02-19 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The legume-rhizobia symbiosis is a remarkable biological phenomena, which is critically important for sustainable agriculture. In the past decades, significant progress has been made to understand the mechanisms of the symbiotic processes. In this eBook, we present the most recent researches focusing on the molecular mechanisms of legume-rhizobia symbiosis including rhizobium characters, plant response to different types of bacteria, phytohormones involved in the symbiosis, SYM pathway signals, and R genes and specificity of rhizobia infection. This eBook will be a great reference book highlighting the research frontiers in legume-rhizobia symbiosis.
Download or read book Investigations of the Molecular Mechanisms for Host Specificity and Infection in the Rhizobium legume Symbiosis written by Robert Alexander Cedergren and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation written by P. Graham and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past three decades there has been a large amount of research on biological nitrogen fixation, in part stimulated by increasing world prices of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and environmental concerns. In the last several years, research on plant--microbe interactions, and symbiotic and asymbiotic nitrogen fixation has become truly interdisciplinary in nature, stimulated to some degree by the use of modern genetic techniques. These methodologies have allowed us to make detailed analyses of plant and bacterial genes involved in symbiotic processes and to follow the growth and persistence of the root-nodule bacteria and free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria in soils. Through the efforts of a large number of researchers we now have a better understanding of the ecology of rhizobia, environmental parameters affecting the infection and nodulation process, the nature of specificity, the biochemistry of host plants and microsymbionts, and chemical signalling between symbiotic partners. This volume gives a summary of current research efforts and knowledge in the field of biological nitrogen fixation. Since the research field is diverse in nature, this book presents a collection of papers in the major research area of physiology and metabolism, genetics, evolution, taxonomy, ecology, and international programs.
Download or read book Regulation of Nitrogen Fixing Symbioses in Legumes written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-02-17 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nitrogen-Fixing Legume-Rhizobium Symbiosis, Volume 94, the latest release in the Advances in Botanical Research series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on The diversity of legume-rhizobium symbioses, Parasponia; an evolutionary outlier of rhizobium symbiosis, Rhizobium diversity in the light of evolution, Genomes of rhizobia, Gene regulation by extracytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors in alpha-rhizobia, Early symbiotic signaling between Plant and Bacteria, Rhizobia infection, a journey to the inside of plant cells, Differentiation of symbiotic nodule cells and their rhizobium endosymbionts, Nodule Organogenesis, Nitrogen Fixation by the Legume-Rhizobium Symbiosis, and much more. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Advances in Botanical Research series Updated release includes the latest information on the Nitrogen-Fixing Legume-Rhizobium Symbiosis
Download or read book Technical Handbook on Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1993 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: General information on the symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Isolation, identification and counting of rhizobia. Production of an inoculant and inoculation of legumes. Experiments.
Download or read book The Role of Plant Membrane Proteins in Legume rhizobia Symbiosis written by Cara Helene Haney and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Symbiotic nitrogen fixation occurs when rhizobia bacteria infect the roots of legume plants, resulting in the formation of a specialized organ called a nodule. In this mutualistic symbiosis, bacteria provide the plant with nitrogen, and the plant provides the bacteria with carbon sources. This metabolic exchange occurs inside the root nodules where bacteria reduce (or "fix") molecular dinitrogen to ammonia, a form of nitrogen that plants can use to synthesize amino acids and proteins. Legume-rhizobia symbiosis initiates with plant recognition of the bacterial signaling molecule Nod Factor (NF). After plant perception of NF, bacteria infect plant roots through host-derived infection threads and are eventually endocytosed into host cells. Inside the host cell, the bacteria remain surrounded by a host membrane and differentiate into their nitrogen-fixing form. A great deal is known about NF perception and signaling, but the mechanisms by which infection threads form and by which bacteria are endocytosed into host cells remain elusive. To identify genes required for infection or bacterial endocytosis, I used a candidate gene approach in the model legume Medicago truncatula. I searched the M. truncatula genome for regions with homology to endocytosis and membrane shaping genes in plants and other organisms. I identified two M. truncatula flotillin-like genes, FLOT2 and FLOT4, which are up-regulated in response to the M. truncatula symbiont, Sinorhizobium meliloti. Flotillins in animals have been implicated in actin polymerization, maintenance of cell-cell contacts, membrane trafficking and pathogenesis. I silenced FLOT2 and FLOT4 using RNAi and amiRNAs and found a non-redundant requirement for both genes in symbiosis. When FLOT4 was silenced, infection threads typically aborted in root hairs. FLOT2-silenced plants formed fewer nodules and infection threads. This work implicates plant flotillins in legume-rhizobia symbiosis and suggests that flotillins in plants and animals may have a common function. NF recognition in M. truncatula requires the receptors NFP and LYK3. Each receptor is required for separate downstream responses: NFP is necessary for all known responses to bacteria, while LYK3 is required for infection. A leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase DMI2 acts downstream of NFP. Using GFP-tagged proteins, I localized the symbiotic receptor kinases DMI2 and LYK3. Both proteins had punctate distributions associated with root hair plasma membranes. After bacterial inoculation, both LYK3:GFP and DMI2:GFP were present on intracellular vesicles. LYK3:GFP persisted in infected cells and localized to infection thread membranes. The DMI2:GFP signal was nearly absent by one day post inoculation. These data are consistent with a role for LYK3 in infection and a role for DMI2 in signaling. I found that like LYK3 and DMI2, GFP-tagged FLOT4 is associated with the plasma membrane and has a patchy distribution. Upon inoculation with S. meliloti, FLOT4:GFP puncta become more diffuse and redistribute to form a cap at the tips of elongating root hairs. I investigated the dependence of FLOT4 distribution on NF perception and signaling via symbiotic receptors NFP, LYK3, and DMI2. I found that FLOT4:GFP has a decrease in puncta density specific to the putative dead kinase allele of LYK3, hcl-1. I co-expressed LYK3:GFP and FLOT4:mCherry and found that in buffer-treated root hairs, there is little co-distribution of the two proteins, and tagged LYK3 puncta are dynamic while FLOT4 is relatively stable. After inoculation, I found an increase in LYK3:GFP and FLOT4:mCherry co-localization and that LYK3:GFP shares the stable distribution shown by FLOT4:mCherry. The similarities in mutant phenotypes, protein localization, and protein dynamics suggest that FLOT4 and LYK3 may be components of a shared complex. This work indicates that protein arrangement within plant membranes is complex and is altered by perception of a symbiotic bacterium. This work suggests that redistribution of plant membrane proteins upon signal perception may serve to compartmentalize cellular processes.
Download or read book Co Evolution of Secondary Metabolites written by Jean-Michel Mérillon and published by Springer. This book was released on 2020-02-24 with total page 973 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Reference Work is devoted to plant secondary metabolites and their evolutionary adaptation to different hosts and pests. Secondary metabolites play an important biological role in plants’ defence against herbivores, abiotic stresses and pathogens, and they also attract beneficial organisms such as pollinators. In this work, readers will find a comprehensive review of the phytochemical diversity, modification and adaptation of secondary metabolites, and the consequences of their co-evolution with plant parasites, pollinators, and herbivores. Chapters from expert contributors are organised into twelve sections that collate the current knowledge in intra-/inter-specific diversity in plant secondary metabolites, changes in secondary metabolites during plants’ adaptation to different environmental conditions, and co-evolution of host-parasite metabolites. Among the twelve themed parts, readers will also discover expert analysis on the genetics and chemical ecology evolution of secondary metabolites, and particular attention is also given to allelochemicals, bioactive molecules in plant defence and the evolution of sensory perception in vertebrates. This reference work will appeal to students, researchers and professionals interested in the field of plant pathology, plant breeding, biotechnology, agriculture and phytochemistry.
Download or read book Handbook for Rhizobia written by Padma Somasegaran and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rhizobia are bacteria which inhabit the roots of plants in the pea family and "fix" atmospheric nitrogen for plant growth. They are thus of enormous economic importance internationally and the subject of intense research interest. Handbook for Rhizobia is a monumental book of practical methods for working with these bacteria and their plant hosts. Topics include the general microbiological properties of rhizobia and their identification, their potential as symbionts, methods for inoculating rhizobia onto plants, and molecular genetics methods for Rhizobium in the laboratory. The book will be invaluable to Rhizobium scientists, soil microbiologists, field and laboratory researchers at agricultural research centers, agronomists, and crop scientists.
Download or read book Molecular Basis of Symbiosis written by Jr̲g Overmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-10 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extrusive Bacterial Ectosymbiosis of Ciliates.
Download or read book Iron Nutrition and Interactions in Plants written by Yona Chen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1991-03-31 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many agricultural crops worldwide, especially in semi-arid climates, suffer from iron deficiencies. Among plants sensitive to iron deficiency are apples, avocado, bananas, barley, beans, citrus, cotton, grapes, peanuts, pecans, potatoes, sorghum, soybeans, and numerous ornamental plants. Deficiencies are usually recognized by chlorotic, in new leaves and are typically found among sensitive crops grown in calcareous or yellowed, interveinal areas soils which cover over 30% of the earth's land surface. Iron deficiency may lead, in extreme cases, to complete crop failure. In intensive agriculture on calcareous soils, iron often becomes a major limiting nutrient for optimal crop production, thus, correction of iron deficiency is required. Various chemicals and practices are available. They are, however, costly and do not always result in a complete remedy of the deficiency. Crucial questions relative to the cost-benefit equation such as the recovery rate of plants and the long-term fertilizing effect have not yet been resolved. The complexity of iron nutrition problems requires an understanding of the chemistry of iron oxides in soils, of the chemistry of both natural and synthetic chelates, of rhizosphere microbiology and biochemistry, and of the physiological involvement of the plant in iron uptake and transport.
Download or read book Nitrogen fixing Actinorhizal Symbioses written by Katharina Pawlowski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-06 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For researchers and graduates with any interest in plant or soil sciences, this fascinating study will be a godsend – it’s the complete state of the art with regard to actinorhizal symbioses. The self-contained sixth volume of a comprehensive series on nitrogen fixation, it includes chapters that deal with all aspects of this symbiosis between actinorhizal plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. It also contains information both about symbionts and their ecological role and use. Other chapters tackle the global distribution of different actinorhizal plants and their microsymbionts and how this impacts the question of co-evolution of the micro- and macrosymbionts as well as comparing the actinorhizal and leguminous symbioses. No other book provides the up-to-date and in-depth coverage of this volume.
Download or read book Chemical Communication Among Bacteria written by Stephen Carlyle Winans and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summarizes the science and recent research developments of chemical communication among bacteria
Download or read book Rhizobium Biology and Biotechnology written by Alexander P. Hansen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-25 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides in-depth reviews of the role of Rhizobium in agriculture and its biotechnological applications. Individual chapters explore topics such as: the occurrence and distribution of Rhizobium; phenotypic and molecular characteristics of Rhizobium; impact of Rhizobium on other microbial communities in the rhizosphere; N2-fixation ability of Rhizobium; Rhizobium and biotic stress; Rhizobium-mediated restoration of an ecosystem; in silico analysis of the rhizobia pool; further biotechnological perspectives of Rhizobium.
Download or read book Catalogue of the Collections of the Bostonian Society in the Memorial Halls of the Old State House written by Bostonian Society and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2023-07-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive guide to the exhibits housed in the Memorial Halls of the Old State House in Boston provides a window into the rich cultural and political history of one of America's oldest and most storied cities. With detailed descriptions of the collections and engaging commentary on their significance, this catalogue is a must-read for anyone interested in the history of Boston and New England. This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Download or read book Plant Microbe Symbiosis written by Ajit Varma and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-01 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an overview of the latest advances concerning symbiotic relationships between plants and microbes, and their applications in plant productivity and agricultural sustainability. Symbiosis is a living phenomenon including dynamic variations in the genome, metabolism and signaling network, and adopting a multidirectional perspective on their interactions is required when studying symbiotic organisms. Although various plant-microbe symbiotic systems are covered in this book, it especially focuses on arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) symbiosis and root nodule symbiosis, the two most prevalent systems. AM symbiosis involves the most extensive interaction between plants and microbes, in the context of phylogeny and ecology. As more than 90% of all known species of plants have the potential to form mycorrhizal associations, the productivity and species composition, as well as the diversity of natural ecosystems, are frequently dependent upon the presence and activity of mycorrhizas. In turn, root nodule symbiosis includes morphogenesis and is formed by communication between plants and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. The biotechnological application of plant–microbe symbiosis is expected to foster the production of agricultural and horticultural products while maintaining ecologically and economically sustainable production systems. Designed as a hands-on guide, this book offers an essential resource for researchers and students in the areas of agri-biotechnology, soil biology and fungal biology.
Download or read book Bioactive Molecules in Food written by Jean-Michel Mérillon and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-01-25 with total page 2353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference work provides comprehensive information about the bioactive molecules presented in our daily food and their effect on the physical and mental state of our body. Although the concept of functional food is new, the consumption of selected food to attain a specific effect existed already in ancient civilizations, namely of China and India. Consumers are now more attentive to food quality, safety and health benefits, and the food industry is led to develop processed- and packaged-food, particularly in terms of calories, quality, nutritional value and bioactive molecules. This book covers the entire range of bioactive molecules presented in daily food, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, isoflavonoids, carotenoids, vitamin C, polyphenols, bioactive molecules presented in wine, beer and cider. Concepts like French paradox, Mediterranean diet, healthy diet of eating fruits and vegetables, vegan and vegetarian diet, functional foods are described with suitable case studies. Readers will also discover a very timely compilation of methods for bioactive molecules analysis. Written by highly renowned scientists of the field, this reference work appeals to a wide readership, from graduate students, scholars, researchers in the field of botany, agriculture, pharmacy, biotechnology and food industry to those involved in manufacturing, processing and marketing of value-added food products.
Download or read book Mechanisms of Potassium Transport in Plants written by Dev T. Britto and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Potassium (K+) is the most abundant ion in the plant cell, and is required for a wide array of functions, ranging from the maintenance of electrical potential gradients across cell membranes, to the generation of turgor, to the activation of numerous enzymes. The majority of these functions depends more or less directly upon the activities and regulation of membrane-bound K+ transport proteins, operating over a wide range of K+ concentrations. Here, we review the physiological aspects of potassium transport systems in the plasma membrane, re-examining fundamental problems in the field such as the distinctions between high- and low-affinity transport systems, the regulation of cellular K+ pools, and the generation of electrical potentials, placing these discussions in the context of recent discoveries in the molecular biology of K+ transport.
