Download or read book Molecular Analysis of Gene Expression in Oat Plants that are Tolerant Or Sensitive to Barley Yellow Dwarf Viruses Infection written by Xuejun Shen and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Barley yellow dwarf viruses (BYDVs) cause the most economically important and widespread virus disease of small grains. Breeding resistant plants has been the most effective and economical method of control. In order to understand the molecular basis for tolerance to BYDV, studies were initiated to characterize the genes involved in the tolerance. Two dimensional protein gel electrophoresis was used to determine whether there were differences in protein profiles between one sensitive (Clintland 64) and four tolerant oat cultivars (Ogle, IL86-5698, IL86-1156 and IL86-6404). Differences were observed among all tested cultivars, but no single protein was found in all tolerant cultivars that was not also found in the sensitive cultivar. Differences were observed in mRNAs from three oat cultivars (Clintland 64, IL86-5698 and Ogle using differential display of mRNA. Further analysis of recovered polymorphic bands showed no detectable differences in Southern and northern blots from the tested cultivars. Since four different tolerant cultivars were examined, it is possible that different genes were responsible for tolerance in the different tolerant cultivars. To simplify the analysis, subsequent experiments focused on one pair of sensitive (Clintland 64) and tolerant (IL86-5698) oat cultivars. Representational difference analysis (RDA) was adapted to clone the differentially expressed or polymorphic genes from mRNAs in Clintland 64 or IL86-5698. One cDNA clones, OARE (for OAt RetroElement), identified by RDA was similar to copia-like retroelements and another one, OACW (for Oat Cold or Water-like gene), was similar to cold or water stress-related genes. Neither of the clones revealed differences in genomic DNAs from Clintland 64 or IL86-5698. Both were expressed constitutively and OACW expression is at the same levels in roots and leaves. Differences were observed in the PCR products from genomic DNA using a primer designed from the OACW sequence, and Dpn II digested major PCR products. Transcription of retroelements and cold and water stress-related genes has been reported to be activated by environmental stresses. Studies have also shown that symptom development, biochemical changes and root growth after BYDV infection are similar to those induced by environmental stresses. This suggests that the functions of the two clones I have found may be related to plant responses to BYDV infection.
Download or read book Evaluation of Molecular Markers Previously Associated with Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus Tolerance in Oat written by Nicholas Paul Ochs and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Markers Associated with Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus Tolerance in Spring Oat and Their Utilization in Predictive Breeding written by Bradley Joseph Foresman and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Relation of Barley Yellow dwarf Virus Infection to Rhizosphere Fungi in Barley and Oats with Emphasis on a Cryptomela Isolate written by Antonio Crisotomo Pizarro and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Early Generation and Molecular Assisted Selection for Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus Tolerance in Elite Oat Populations written by Mario Raul Gaggero and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 852 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Studies on the Reaction of Oat Varieties to the Yellow dwarf Virus and the Effect of the Systematic Insecticide Systox on the Disease written by Antonio Crisotomo Pizarro and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tolerance to Barley Yellow Dwarf Viruses in Two Pairs of Sister Oat Lines written by Hanafy Mahmoud Fouly and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The titers of barley yellow dwarf viruses (BYDV-PAV-IL and BYDV-RPV-IL) in two pairs of sister oat lines tolerant and susceptible to BYDV-PAV were measured by double antibody sandwish enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) and by purification. There were consistent relationships between expression of symptoms and virus titers in tolerant and susceptible pairs of oat lines when inoculated in the greenhouse with PAV-IL or RPV-IL. In case of PAV-IL, the virus infects and accumulates to similar levels in shoot and root tissues of these lines. RPV-IL titers were higher in the susceptible line than in tolerant lines. Translocation of barley yellow dwarf viruses (BYDV-PAV-IL and BYDV-RPV-NY) in those two pairs of sister oat lines was measured by trible antibody sandwish enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (TAS-ELISA) and by dot blot hybridization. PAV-IL virus and PAV-IL-RNA titers in shoots and roots of tolerant lines were equivalent to or higher than the titers in susceptible oat lines. Thus, there was no inhibition of PAV-IL replication or movement in tolerant lines. Titers of RPV-NY virus and RNA in shoots of tolerant lines also were equivalent to or higher than the titers in shoots of susceptible oat lines. However, titers of RPV-NY virus and RNA in roots of susceptible oat lines were higher than the titer in tolerant oat lines on middle and late sampling dates. There apparently is some restriction on RPV-NY movement to and/or replication within the roots of these tolerant lines.
Download or read book Evolving Mechanisms of Disease Tolerance written by Maziar Divangahi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-02-03 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus Tolerance written by David E. Baltenberger and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gene Expression Strategies of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus written by S. P. Dinesh-Kumar and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Lockhart and Wiseman s Crop Husbandry Including Grassland written by Steve Finch and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2002-06-05 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1966, Lockhart and Wiseman’s Crop Husbandry Including Grassland has established itself as the standard crop husbandry text for students and practitioners alike. Radically revised and expanded, and with a new team of authors, the eighth edition confirms and extends its reputation.Part one looks at the basic conditions for crop growth with chapters on plant structure and growth, soil analysis and management, and the use of fertilisers and manures. There is also a new chapter on the influence of climate and weather. Part two surveys general aspects of crop husbandry. As well as a discussion of cropping techniques, there are new chapters on the important new areas of integrated crop management and organic crop husbandry, as well as discussion of seed selection and production. Part three then looks at how these general techniques are applied to particular crops, with chapters on cereals, root crops, fresh harvested crops, forage crops and combinable break crops. Part four considers the use of grassland with chapters on classification, sowing and management, grazing and conservation for winter feed.Lockhart and Wiseman’s Crop Husbandry Including Grassland remains the standard text for general agriculture, land management and agri-business courses, and is a valuable practical reference for the farming industry. The eighth edition has been widely expanded and remains the standard text for general agriculture, land management and agri-business courses Includes new chapters on cropping techniques, integrated crop management and quality assurance, seed production and selection and the influence of climate Discusses basic conditions for crop growth, how techniques are applied to particular crops, the influence of weather and the use of grassland
Download or read book Studies on the Disease Reactions of Pure lines and the Inheritance of Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus Resistance in Oats written by David Creighton Cooper and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Agrindex written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 954 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electron Microscopic Studies on Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus Infection in Oats written by Petra Hildegard Nass and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Barley yellow dwarf luteoviruses (BYDVs) cause significant economic losses worldwide due to damage to cereal crops such as oats, wheat and barley. The virus is transmitted by aphids that inject viral particles into the phloem of the host during the feeding process. BYDVs remain restricted to the phloem tissue and cause cytopathological alterations that ultimately lead to complete obliteration of the infected cell. Phloem cells are considered infected if they contain one or more of the following inclusions: Viral particles, filamentous material, virus-induced vesicles. In this project an in situ immunolocalization assay and an in situ hybridization assay were developed to determine the subcellular accumulation of two viral proteins, the coat protein and a single strand RNA binding protein (17 kDa protein), and the viral RNA. Viral coat protein was first detected in the cytoplasm surrounding clusters of filamentous material that was shown to contain viral RNA. It is suggested that viral coat protein is translated in these areas from viral RNA. Only at later stages was coat protein observed in the nucleus and it is concluded that the viral coat protein diffuses into the nucleus after its disruption during later stages of infection. Viral coat protein was not detected in any other cell organelle. The 17 kDa protein was always associated with filamentous material. Filaments in nuclear pores were also occasionally labeled. The role of the 17 kDa protein as a single strand RNA binding protein was confirmed. The in situ hybridization assay showed that the virus-induced filamentous material contains viral RNA. Minus- and plus-strand were detected in nucleus, cytoplasm, and virus-induced vesicles. In the past the cytopathological changes induced by BYDVs had only been observed in highly susceptible hosts. These varieties are not economically relevant. In this project the cytopathological changes induced by BYDV-PAV in infected primary and flag leaves of several resistant and susceptible oat lines were compared. The flag leaves of resistant oat lines did not show any phloem obliteration whereas susceptible oat lines and one only weakly tolerant oat line contained obliterated phloem cells. No differences in the cytopathological changes indicative of resistance to the virus were found in the primary leaves. It is suggested that the ultrastructural damage to the host tissue of the flag leaf by BYDVs could be used to assess resistance of oat lines to BYDVs.
Download or read book Plant Resistance to Viruses written by David Evered and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-30 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Concern about the environmental consequences of the widespread use of pesticides has increased, and evidence of pesticide-resistant virus vectors have continued to emerge. This volume presents a timely survey of the mechanisms of plant resistance and examines current developments in breeding for resistance, with particular emphasis on advances in genetic engineering which allow for the incorporation of viral genetic material into plants. Discusses the mechanisms of innate resistance in strains of tobacco, tomato, and cowpea; various aspects of induced resistance, including the characterization and roles of the pathogenesis-related proteins; antiviral substances and their comparison with interferon; and cross-protection between plant virus strains. Also presents several papers which evaluate the status of genetic engineering as it relates to breeding resistant plants. Among these are discussions of the potential use of plant viruses as gene vectors, gene coding for viral coat protein, satellite RNA, and antisense RNA, and practical issues such as the durability of resistant crop plants in the field.
Download or read book Fruit and Vegetable Biotechnology written by V Valpuesta and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2002-03 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The genetic modification of foods is one of the most significant developments in food processing, and one of the most controversial. This important collection reviews its application to fruit and vegetables. Part 1 looks at techniques and their applications in improving production and product quality. Part 2 discusses how genetic modification has been applied to specific crops, whilst Part 3 considers safety and consumer issues.
