Download or read book Molecular Analysis of Fem 3 a Sex determination Gene in the Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans written by Thomas Allen Rosenquist and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Molecular Analysis of the Role of the FEM Proteins in Caenorhabditis Elegans Sex Determination written by Jeffrey P. C. Gaudet and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Male development in the nematode 'Caenorhabditis elegans' requires the activity of the three 'fem' genes, 'fem-1, fem-2,' and 'fem-3.' The products of these genes form part of a novel signal transduction pathway that controls 'C. elegans ' sex determination, but the mechanism by which the FEMs act remains unclear. I report the use of a 'fem-1' reporter construct to show that 'fem-1' is widely expressed throughout development in both sexes, indicating that 'fem-1' is regulated post-transcriptionally. I further characterize the sequences required for 'fem-1' expression, and characterize a dominant feminization of the germline caused by ' fem-1' transgenes. To identify regions of FEM-1 that are important for its activity, I cloned and characterized 'fem-1' homologues from two related nematode species. Overall, FEM-1 is more conserved than the other 'Caenorhabditis ' sex determining genes. Within FEM-1, the ANK repeats and a kinesin light chain-like repeat are the most conserved regions. Despite the sequence conservation, 'C. briggsae fem-1' is unable to functionally replace 'C. elegans fem-1.' A small region of ' fem-1' coding sequence, between the ANK and TPR encoding regions, appears to be responsible for the functional divergence. I also present data that suggests that in 'C. briggsae, fem-1' may not be required for germline sex determination, possibly revealing the rapid evolution of germline sex determination mechanisms. To elucidate how the FEMs function in the transduction of the sex determination signal, I examined the subcellular localization of each of the FEM proteins. I show that FEM-2 is cytosolic in both sexes, and can interact 'in vivo' with FEM-3, which also appears to function in the cytoplasm. In contrast, FEM-1 appears to localize to discrete compartments within the cell. This localization is at least partially dependent on the kinesin light chain-like repeat of FEM-1. I discuss the implications of the localization data and consider possible models for the mechanism of FEM activity.
Download or read book Molecular Analysis of Tra 2 written by Peter Gerald Okkema and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Introduction to Nematology written by May Belle Hutson Chitwood and published by Andesite Press. This book was released on 2015-08-12 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work. This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Download or read book Genetic Analysis of Sex Determination in the Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans written by T. Doniach and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetic Analysis of Sex Determination in the Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans written by T. Doniach and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cis and Trans acting Factors Required for the 3 UTR mediated Repression of Fem 3 a Sex determining Gene in Caenorhabditis Elegans written by Maria Elena Gallegos and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Post transcriptional Regulation of Fem 3 a Sex Determining Gene of C Elegans written by Julie Ahringer and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetics of Sex Determination written by R.S. Verma and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-04-23 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection by R.A. Fisher (1930) dictated that sexual dimorphisms may depend upon a single medelian factor. This could be true for some species but his suggestion could not take off the ground as gender in Drosophila is determined by the number of X chromosomes. Technical advances in molecular biology have revived the initial thinking of Fisher and dictate that TDF or SRY genes in humans or Tdy in mice are sex determining genes. The fortuitous findings of XX males and XY female, which are generally termed sex reversal phenomenon, are quite bewildering traits that have caused much amazement concerning the pairing mechanism(s) of the pseudoautosomal regions of human X and Y chromosomes at meiosis. These findings have opened new avenues to explore further the genetic basis of sex determination at the single gene level.The aim of the fourth volume, titled Genetics of Sex Determination is to reflect on the latest advances and future investigative directions, encompassing 10 chapters. Commissioned several distinguished scientists, all pre-eminent authorities in each field to shed their thoughts concisely but epitomise their chapters with an extended bibliography. Obviously, during the past 60 years, the metoric advances are voluminous and to cover every account of genes, chromosomes, and sex in a single volume format would be a herculean task. Therefore, a few specific topics are chosen, which may be of great interest to scientists and clinicians. The seasoned scientists who love to inquire about the role of genes in sex determination should find the original work of these notable contributors very enlightening. This volume is intended for advanced students who want to keep abreast as well as for those who indulge in the search for genes of sex determination.
Download or read book Caenorhabditis Elegans written by Henry F. Epstein and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 687 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first of its kind, this laboratory handbook emphasizes diverse methods and technologies needed to investigate C. elegans, both as an integrated organism and as a model system for research inquiries in cell, developmental, and molecular biology, as well as in genetics and pharmacology. Four primary sections--Genetic and Culture Methods, Neurobiology, Cell and Molecular Biology, and Genomics and Informatics--reflect the cross-disciplinary nature of C. elegans research. Because C. elegans is a simple and malleable organism with a small genome and few cell types, it provides an elegant demonstr.
Download or read book Molecular Analysis of the Role of the FEM Proteins in Caenorhabditis Elegans Sex Determination microform written by Jeffrey P. C. (Jeffrey Paul Charlton) Gaudet and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 2000 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genetic Analysis of Sex Determination in the Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans written by Craig Patrick Hunter and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cell Lineage and Fate Determination written by Sally A. Moody and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1998-10-29 with total page 661 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cell Lineage and Fate Determination provides a comprehensive view of the mechanisms regulating cell lineage and fate determination in an effort to understand how the fertilized egg is transformed into a complex of specialized tissues. It presents basic information on eight different animal models and recent developmental biological research done in each model. The book provides a focused forum presenting key information for researchers studying various aspects of developmental and cellular biology. Extensive use of tables and black-and-white and color figures helps illustrate each model. The book concludes by discussing future goals for bringing cellular, molecular, and genetic research to clinical applications and tissue replacement therapies.Key Features* Presents eight different animal models* Provides a focused forum on cell fate determination that provides comprehensive and key information for researchers* Illustrates the transitional relationship between researchers and clinicians* Includes the extensive use of tables and color figures
Download or read book Molecular Analysis of the Role of the FEM Proteins in Caenorhabditis Elegans Sex Determination written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book C Elegans II written by Donald L. Riddle and published by Firefly Books. This book was released on 1997 with total page 1252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Defines the current status of research in the genetics, anatomy, and development of the nematode C. elegans, providing a detailed molecular explanation of how development is regulated and how the nervous system specifies varied aspects of behavior. Contains sections on the genome, development, neural networks and behavior, and life history and evolution. Appendices offer genetic nomenclature, a list of laboratory strain and allele designations, skeleton genetic maps, a list of characterized genes, a table of neurotransmitter assignments for specific neurons, and information on codon usage. Includes bandw photos. For researchers in worm studies, as well as the wider community of researchers in cell and molecular biology. Annotation copyrighted by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR
Download or read book The Evolution of Sex Determination written by Leo Beukeboom and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2014-06-12 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sexual reproduction is a fundamental aspect of life. It is defined by the occurrence of meiosis and the fusion of two gametes of different sexes or mating types. Sex-determination mechanisms are responsible for the sexual fate and development of sexual characteristics in an organism, be it a unicellular alga, a plant, or an animal. In many cases, sex determination is genetic: males and females have different alleles or different genes that specify their sexual morphology. In animals, this is often accompanied by chromosomal differences. In other cases, sex may be determined by environmental (e.g. temperature) or social variables (e.g. the size of an organism relative to other members of its population). Surprisingly, sex-determination mechanisms are not evolutionarily conserved but are bewilderingly diverse and appear to have had rapid turnover rates during evolution. Evolutionary biologists continue to seek a solution to this conundrum. What drives the surprising dynamics of such a fundamental process that always leads to the same outcome: two sex types, male and female? The answer is complex but the ongoing genomic revolution has already greatly increased our knowledge of sex-determination systems and sex chromosomes in recent years. This novel book presents and synthesizes our current understanding, and clearly shows that sex-determination evolution will remain a dynamic field of future research. The Evolution of Sex Determination is an advanced, research level text suitable for graduate students and researchers in genetics, developmental biology, and evolution.
Download or read book Molecular and Genetic Analysis of the Sex determining Proteins FEM 1 and FEM 3 microform written by Usha Vivegananthan and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: FEM-3, a protein with no recognizable functional motifs, acts as a developmental switch in sex determination. FEM-3 activity is both necessary and limiting for male development. Previous work showed that FEM-3 physically interacts with FEM-2, a type 2C protein phosphatase, but did not establish the biological significance of the interaction. I tested the hypothesis that the FEM-3/FEM-2 interaction is required for male development. Using a modified version of the yeast 2-hybrid system I isolated FEM-3(D313N), a mutant that is specifically defective in its ability to bind to FEM-2. Low-copy fem-3 transgenes that direct expression of the D313N variant under the control of native fem-3 regulatory sequences show significantly lower masculinizing activity than otherwise identical wild-type transgenes. These data suggest that the ability of FEM-3 to bind to FEM-2 is required for the masculinizing activity of FEM-3. Male development in Caenorhabditis elegans depends on the activities of the proteins FEM-1, FEM-2 and FEM-3. Extensive genetic analysis indicates that in XO animals the FEMs inhibit the activity of the female-determining transcription factor TRA-1A to promote male somatic development. In the germline, the FEMs act on TRA-1A and additional targets to promote spermatogenesis. Little is known about the molecular and biochemical mechanisms through which the FEMs act, especially the ankyrin (ANK) repeat protein FEM-1. I molecularly and genetically characterized a collection of fem-1 loss-of-function alleles and found that the N-terminal ANK repeats of FEM-1 are critical for its sex-determining activity. ANK repeats are evolutionarily conserved protein-protein interaction motifs suggesting that a FEM-1-ANK repeat mediated protein interaction is required for male development. Observations of a dominant-negative version of FEM-1 that carries a missense mutation in the sixth ANK repeat support this hypothesis. FEM-1 is unusual among the sex-determining proteins in that it has been well conserved through evolution: orthologues exist in insects and vertebrates. Others have suggested that the conservation of FEM-1 may be due to a role in apoptosis. However, my work demonstrates that FEM-1 is not essential for programmed cell death in C. elegans other than through its characterized role as a regulator of TRA-1A activity.
