Download or read book Moisture and Nutrient Constraints to Ecosystem Processes in a Forest Regrowth Stand in Eastern Amazonia Brazil written by Steel Silva Vasconcelos and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changes in land-use and climate are likely to alter resource (e.g., moisture and nutrient) availability in tropical forest soils, but quantitative assessment of the role of resource constraints as regulators of ecosystem processes is rather limited. In this dissertation, moisture and nutrient availability were altered through dry-season irrigation and bi-weekly aboveground litter removal, respectively, to study how these resources control aboveground and belowground ecosystem processes in a forest regrowth stand in the Brazilian Amazon. Moisture availability strongly constrains soil respiration as indicated by the responses of soil carbon dioxide emissions to soil wet-up events and dry-season irrigation. Higher moisture availability in irrigated plots also increased leaf litter decomposition and slightly increased soil nitrous oxide and methane emissions, but did not alter monthly litterfall quantity and quality, and soil nitric oxide emission. Litter removal decreased carbon dioxide emissions and litterfall nitrogen concentration, but had no effects on litterfall quantity, and soil nitrogen oxides and methane emissions. Aboveground net primary productivity was constrained by moisture availability as indicated by the response of wood increment to interannual variation in dry season rainfall and to irrigation, suggesting decreased potential of carbon sequestration from forest regrowth under anticipated scenarios of reduced rainfall in Amazonia.
Download or read book Amazonian Rain Forests written by Carl F. Jordan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DEVELOPMENT AND DISTURBANCE IN AMAZON FORESTS Contrasting Impressions 6 2 The rain forests of the Amazon Basin cover approximately 5.8 x 10 km (Salati and Vose 1984). Flying over even just part of this basin, one gazes hour after hour upon this seemingly infinite blanket of green. The impression of immen sity is similar when viewed from the Amazon River itself, or from its tributar ies. From a hammock on the shaded deck of a riverboat, the immensity of the forest presents an incredible monotony as one view of the shoreline blends unnoticeably into another. From both perspectives, the overwhelming reaction to the sea of trees that stretches from horizon to horizon is a sense of the vastness of the rain forest. In September 1985, I got a different impression of the rain forest. Several students and I journeyed in a self-propelled car along the single-track railroad that stretches almost 1000 km from the Carajas iron ore mine in the rain forest of Para State, Brazil, all the way to Sao Luis on the coast (Fig. 1.1).
Download or read book Soil Biodiversity in Amazonian and Other Brazilian Ecosystems written by F. M. S. Moreira and published by CABI. This book was released on 2006 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The loss of biological diversity has become an increased concern over recent years and is now enshrined in international conventions. Most biodiversity in fact occurs in the soil. Soil organisms (especially bacteria, fungi and soil invertebrates) play a major role in the formation of soil structure and are primary agents of decomposition and are drivers of nutrient cycling, and hence agricultural production.This book reviews soil biodiversity in one of the key biodiversity hotspots of the world, i.e. the Amazon and nearby regions of Brazil. It covers both the tropical savannah and rain forests . The work reported is based on a project "Conservation and Sustainable Management of Below-Ground Biodiversity", executed by TSBF-CIAT with co-financing from the Global Environment Facility (GEF) and implementation support from the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). The book represents a major contribution to the literature and will interest those in biodiversity conservation, soil scienceand ecology and biodiversity conservation.
Download or read book An Amazonian Rain Forest written by Carl F. Jordan and published by Parthenon Publishing. This book was released on 1989 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Carbon and Nutrient Accumulation Forest Structure and Leaf Area in Secondary Forests Regenerating from Degraded Pastures in Central Amazonia Brazil written by Ted Ronald Feldpausch and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Dynamics of Deforestation and Economic Growth in the Brazilian Amazon written by Lykke E. Andersen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2002-12-12 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multi-disciplinary team of authors analyze the economics of Brazilian deforestation using a large data set of ecological and economic variables. They survey the most up to date work in this field and present their own dynamic and spatial econometric analysis based on municipality level panel data spanning the entire Brazilian Amazon from 1970 to 1996. By observing the dynamics of land use change over such a long period the team is able to provide quantitative estimates of the long-run economic costs and benefits of both land clearing and government policies such as road building. The authors find that some government policies, such as road paving in already highly settled areas, are beneficial both for economic development and for the preservation of forest, while other policies, such as the construction of unpaved roads through virgin areas, stimulate wasteful land uses to the detriment of both economic growth and forest cover.
Download or read book Agricultural Intensification by Smallholders in the Western Brazilian Amazon written by Stephen A. Vosti and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research site and sample characteristics; Multivariate analysis; A fram-level bioeconomic model.
Download or read book Rain Forest Regeneration and Management written by Arturo Gómez-Pompa and published by Parthenon Publishing. This book was released on 1991 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High Diversity Forest Restoration in Degraded Areas written by Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The discussion of ideas, methods, scientific results, empirical practices and perspectives on the restoration of high diversity tropical and subtropical forest formations is the objective of this book; however, principles here proposed may be used in other less complex forest formations. Special attention is given to the role of the ecological processes on the restoration of functional forest communities, once the composition and structure of these natural or even restored communities change in space and time.
Download or read book Monitoring and Modelling Hydrological Fluxes in Support of Nutrient Cycling Studies in Amazonian Rain Forest Ecosystems written by Conrado Tobón Marin and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Government Policies and Deforestation in Brazil s Amazon Region written by Dennis J. Mahar and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Seasonal and Experimental Effects on Microbial Composition and Dynamics in a Tropical Secondary Forest in the Eastern Amazon Brazil written by Roberta M. Veluci-Marlow and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Tropical secondary forests are an increasingly important land cover in the Brazilian Amazon, with 30 to 50% of the deforested area of the Brazilian Amazon in some stage of abandonment. This study investigated water and nutrient constraints on microbial dynamics and nutrient availability in a tropical secondary forest in the Eastern Amazon with manipulative experiments - dry-season irrigation and bi-weekly litter removal - using frequent sampling to capture seasonal and intra-annual fluctuations in Castanhal, Pará, Brazil. Irrigation did not consistently alter microbial dynamics, except for lowered NH4 (superscript+) availability and fungal densities, and increased phosphatase activity. Litter removal decreased microbial biomass C and P, Nmineralization, phosphatase activity and NH4 (superscript+) availability but increased NO3 (superscript- ) availability. Intraannual variability was mainly driven by wet-up events in the dry season that were not minimized by continuous irrigation (except for NH4 (superscript+) availability), suggesting either that seasonal drought may not constrain the availability of nutrients or that irrigation was insufficient to cause a more significant effect. These results confirm the critical role of litterfall in tropical forest nutrient cycling and the importance of fluctuations in soil moisture status to nutrient availability. How these belowground results interact with aboveground processes including C uptake, is a fertile area for future research and modeling.
Download or read book The Ecohydrological Mechanisms of Resilience and Vulnerability of Amazonian Tropical Forests to Water Stress written by Bradley Christoffersen and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Predicting the interactions between climate change and ecosystems remains a core problem in global change research; tropical forest ecosystems are of particular importance because of their disproportionate role in global carbon and water cycling. Amazonia is unique among tropical forest ecosystems, exhibiting a high degree of coupling with its regional hydrometeorology, such that the stability of the entire forest-climate system is dependent on the functioning of its component parts. Belowground ecohydrological interactions between soil moisture environments and the roots which permeate them initiate the water transport pathway to leaf stomata, yet despite the disproportionate role they play in vegetation-atmosphere coupling in Amazonian forest ecosystems, the impacts of climate variability on the belowground environment remain understudied. The research which follows is designed to address critical knowledge gaps in our understanding of root functioning in Amazonian tropical forests as it relates to seasonality and extremes in belowground moisture regime as well as discerning which ecohydrological mechanisms govern ecosystem-level processes of carbon and water flux. A secondary research theme is the evaluation and use of models of ecosystem function as applied to Amazonia - these models are the "knowledge boxes" which build in the ecohydrological hypotheses (some testable than others) deemed to be most important for the forest ecosystems of Amazonia. In what follows, I investigate (i) which mechanisms of water supply (from the soil environment) and water demand (by vegetation) regulate the magnitude and seasonality of evapotranspiration across broad environmental gradients of Amazonia, (ii) how specific hypotheses of root function are or are not corroborated by soil moisture measurements conducted under normal seasonal and experimentally-induced extreme drought conditions, and (iii) the linkage between an extreme drought event with associated impacts on root zone soil moisture, the inferred response of root water uptake, and the observed impacts on ecosystem carbon and water flux in an east central Amazonian forest.
Download or read book Temperature and moisture profiles in soil beneath forest and pasture areas in eastern Amazonia written by J R S. De Souza and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon written by Emilio F. Moran and published by Indiana Center on Global Change & World Peace. This book was released on 1992 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Forest Regrowth in Abandon Pastures of Eastern Amazonia written by Daniel C. Nepstad and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Linking People and Nature in the Multifunctional Landscapes of Eastern Amazonia written by Sérgio André Guerreiro Milheiras and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preserving the benefits that ecosystems provide to society is increasingly recognised as an essential goal in policy-making. Biodiversity has a role in the provision of many of those benefits. Yet, the ways through which biodiversity and ecosystem services interact are still poorly understood, especially in the tropics. This is particularly relevant in a context of increasing anthropogenic disturbance and biodiversity loss in tropical forests that can have unexpected impacts on ecosystem service provision. In this thesis I explore the links between biodiversity, ecosystem services, and forest management in the forest-rich multifunctional landscapes of Eastern Amazonia in Brazil. I develop a simple method to quantify ecosystem services at large scales, identify spatial associations between them, and explore the impact of land use change on the capacity of forests to provide those services. Agricultural land and forests had higher provision levels. Results also show that in forests this provision varies non-linearly with distance to forest edge. Next, I explore the degree to which local communities perceive the links between biodiversity and ecosystem services and, in turn, if that perception influences their attitudes towards conservation. I find that respondents aware of more relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem services were also more likely to have a positive attitude towards nature conservation. Overall perception of those links was relatively high in the study area. I also provide evidence of how different taxa respond to forest management regimes of widespread occurrence in the region. I find that increased forest use intensity can have negative effects on the communities of trees, dung beetles, and fruit-feeding butterflies. Finally, I measure the simultaneous provision of five ecosystem services along a gradient of forest use intensity. Multifunctionality levels were higher under moderate or low intensity levels associated with higher tree richness. The indirect effect mediated by biodiversity loss was on average at least as severe as the direct effect of forest use intensification on multifunctionality. Overall, this thesis adds new empirical evidence to our understanding of the relationship between people and nature in the Amazonian forest.
