Download or read book Modulation of Presynaptic Calcium Channels written by Gary Stephens and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-23 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will bring together leading international experts to discuss recent advances in basic scientific knowledge regarding the regulation of presynaptic Ca2+ channels. Importantly, Ca2+ channels represent one of the most widely modulated proteins in the body, being the target of a range of effector pathways and drugs; this range will be fully represented here. A number of therapeutic drugs target the Ca2+ channel complex, including the anti-epileptic gabapentinoid and analgesic ziconotide drugs and the pharmaceutical industry is searching for Ca2+ channel blocking drugs, particularly in the pain, epilepsy, ataxia and migraine areas. Such potential future therapies will be discussed here. Scientific disciplines will focus on electrophysiological studies, but will extend to neuroscience, genetics and biochemical areas. The work described will represent advances at the cutting edge of current neuroscience research and is timely and highly appropriate for the Springer book series.
Download or read book Mechanisms of Presynaptic Ca subscript v2 2 N type Modulation written by Allen W. Chan and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neurotransmitter release at presynaptic terminals is a complex process involving calcium ion influx through voltage-gated calcium channels (Ca V). In addition to their role as entry points through which calcium influx may occur, CaV are now understood to be fundamental components of a common release-site complex that is highly adapted for modulation.In addition to G-protein regulation, presynaptic CaV2.2 have been demonstrated to exhibit a resistance to voltage-dependent inactivation (VDI), a property thought to be important in determining channel availability and synaptic excitability. I demonstrated a role for dynamic palmitoylation in conferring resistance to VDI in presynaptic terminals of the chick ciliary ganglion. Using tunicamycin, an inhibitor of palmitoylation, I induced a hyperpolarizing shift in the steady-state-inactivation (SSI) profile of presynaptic Ca V2.2.Finally, I examined the role of a CaV interacting protein, Munc18, as a potential regulator of CaV. I probed for alterations in CaV2.2 function in DRG neurons that had been transfected with Munc18 or Munc18 siRNA. Despite the intimate interaction between Munc18 and CaV2.2, no major effects on the fundamental characteristics of CaV2.2 function were observed. However, a hyperpolarizing shift in the inactivation profile of CaV2.2 was determined in DRG neurons in which Munc18 was knocked down. It is not clear if this was a direct consequence of Munc18 perturbation.Consistent with this model, I investigated mechanisms of modulating a presynaptic calcium channel, CaV2.2, via a heterotrimeric G-protein pathway. Using the patch-clamp technique, I demonstrated in chick dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons that the slow kinetics of G-protein inhibition of Ca V2.2 via GTPgammaS were limited by the rate of GDP dissociation from the G-protein nucleotide binding site. In addition, I investigated the role of G-protein regulation of CaV2.2 currents evoked by action potential-like stimuli. Here, I characterized an inhibited current that was advanced in time with respect to uninhibited controls. These currents exhibited a shorter latency to current activation and faster deactivation. These findings may have important physiological ramifications on signal transduction and timing.
Download or read book Mechanisms of Presynaptic CaV2 2 N type Modulation written by Allen Chan and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neurotransmitter release at presynaptic terminals is a complex process involving calcium ion influx through voltage-gated calcium channels (CaV). In addition to their role as entry points through which calcium influx may occur, CaV are now understood to be fundamental components of a common release-site complex that is highly adapted for modulation. Consistent with this model, I investigated mechanisms of modulating a presynaptic calcium channel, CaV2.2, via a heterotrimeric G-protein pathway. Using the patch-clamp technique, I demonstrated in chick dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons that the slow kinetics of G-protein inhibition of CaV2.2 via GTPgammaS were limited by the rate of GDP dissociation from the G-protein nucleotide binding site. In addition, I investigated the role of G-protein regulation of CaV2.2 currents evoked by action potential-like stimuli. Here, I characterized an inhibited current that was advanced in time with respect to uninhibited controls. These currents exhibited a shorter latency to current activation and faster deactivation. These findings may have important physiological ramifications on signal transduction and timing. In addition to G-protein regulation, presynaptic CaV2.2 have been demonstrated to exhibit a resistance to voltage-dependent inactivation (VDI), a property thought to be important in determining channel availability and synaptic excitability. I demonstrated a role for dynamic palmitoylation in conferring resistance to VDI in presynaptic terminals of the chick ciliary ganglion. Using tunicamycin, an inhibitor of palmitoylation, I induced a hyperpolarizing shift in the steady-state-inactivation (SSI) profile of presynaptic CaV2.2. Finally, I examined the role of a CaV interacting protein, Munc18, as a potential regulator of CaV. I probed for alterations in CaV2.2 function in DRG neurons that had been transfected with Munc18 or Munc18 siRNA. Despite the intimate interaction between Munc18 and CaV2.2, no major effects on the fundamental characteristics of CaV2.2 function were observed. However, a hyperpolarizing shift in the inactivation profile of CaV2.2 was determined in DRG neurons in which Munc18 was knocked down. It is not clear if this was a direct consequence of Munc18 perturbation.
Download or read book Calcium and Ion Channel Modulation written by A. D. Grinnell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cellular neurobiology has been transformed in the past decade by new technologies and fundamental discoveries. One result is an enormous increase in our understanding of how ion channels function in nerve and muscle cells and a widening perspective on the role of ion channels in non-neuronal cell physiology and development. Patch clamp techniques now permit direct observation of the transitions between functional confor mations of individual ion channels in their native membrane. Recombinant DNA techniques are being used to determine the primary structure of ion channel proteins and to test hypotheses about channel conformations, sites of grating and modulation, and the basis of ion selectivity. At the same time, biochemical techniques have revealed intricate signalling systems in side cells, involving second messengers such as calcium, phospholipids and cyclic nucleotides, which interface with the external milieu through GTP binding proteins and regulate cell metabolism by altering protein phos phorylation. This panorama of second messenger systems has greatly increas ed our application for their potential role in regulating ion channel function. We now recognize that ion channels are much more complicated than we once thought, and more interesting. They are not simply isolated macro molecules in the membrane, gated directly by depolarization or trans mitter binding to open briefly at a fixed conductance and then close or inactivate. Instead, individual channels now appear to have many open and closed states that are regulated independently by voltage and transmitters.
Download or read book Calcium Channels written by L. Donald Partridge and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1991-07-03 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most comprehensive compendium of information available on calcium channels Calcium channels are a common component of the membranes of a wide range of excitable cells, and their presence is crucial to the functioning of these cells. This book presents a current review of the biophysics, physiology, pharmacology, and clinical role of calcium channels. Chapters discussing the biophysics of calcium channels include topics in ion permeation, channel activation, channel inactivation, and second messenger modulation. The chapters on physiology cover excitation-contraction coupling, excitation-secretion coupling, sensory transduction, regulation of electrical activity, and the regulation of cell growth and development. Issues discussed in the pharmacology chapters of the book include the effects of permeant and inhibitory inorganic ions, blocking and activating effects of organic ions, and the regulatory effects of naturally occurring compounds. The chapters exploring the clinical aspects of calcium channels examine topics such as the modulation of calcium channels in the treatment of ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathies, hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, peripheral vascular diseases, platelet-related disorders, neurological disorders, and psychiatric disorders. Physicians neuroscientists, and pharmacologists should consider this book essential to their reference collections.
Download or read book Presynaptic Modulation of Transmitter Release in the Calcium Channel Mutan Mouse Tottering written by Yudong Zhou and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization and Modulation of Motor Nerve Terminal Calcium Currents written by Bryan Russell Hamilton and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structure Function and Modulation of Neuronal Voltage Gated Ion Channels written by Valentin K. Gribkoff and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-12-09 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses voltage-gated ion channels and their importance in drug discovery and development. The book includes reviews of the channel genome, the physiological bases of targeting ion channels in disease, the unique technologies developed for ion channel drug discovery, and the increasingly important role of ion channel screening in cardiac risk assessment. It provides an important reference for research scientists and drug discovery companies.
Download or read book Voltage gated Ca2 Channels Pharmacology Modulation and their Role in Human Disease written by Jörg Striessnig and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-07-31 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this volume is to summarize novel findings on the function, pathophysiology, and regulation of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels and on novel concepts of their pharmacological modulation. Impressive insights into the role of channel function and regulation have come from Ca2+ channelopathies affecting the pore-forming as well as accessory subunits and channel-interacting proteins. Moreover, the long-sought molecular basis for key regulatory pathways have been discovered as well as exciting concepts of their subtype-selective pharmacological modulation.
Download or read book Neurotransmitter Release written by Hugo J. Bellen and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1999 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the reader with background information on neurotransmitter release. Emphasis is placed on the rationale by which proteins are assigned specific functions rather than just providing facts about function.
Download or read book Modulation of Presynaptic Ion Channels written by Jeremy Ballard Bergsman and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pharmacology of Neurotransmitter Release written by Thomas C. Südhof and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-12-07 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It has been known for half a century that neurotransmitters are released in preformed quanta, that the quanta represent transmitter-storing vesicles, and that release occurs by exocytosis. The focus of this book is twofold. In the first part, the molecular events of exocytosis are analysed. In the second part of the book, the presynaptic receptors for endogenous chemical signals are presented that make neurotransmitter release a highly regulated process.
Download or read book Presynaptic Terminals written by Sumiko Mochida and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-23 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together leading international experts to discuss recent advances in functional studies on key proteins and protein complexes involved in each synaptic vesicle phase. These include proteins that control the final step of neurotransmitter release, in response to a neural signal, and the first step of vesicle endocytosis, which helps maintain stable neurotransmitter release in response to unceasing neural signals arriving at presynaptic terminals. Neural networks transmit input and output signals of action potentials using chemical synapses. The strength of the signal from one to another neuron can be tuned by the neural signal itself as it induces Ca2+ entry and by other neurons’ signals that modify Ca2+ entry through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels at the active zone, where chemical neurotransmitters are released from synaptic vesicles via exocytosis. Synaptic vesicles are docked and primed at the active zone prior to exocytosis and are endocytosed after exocytosis for reuse at a small presynaptic terminal. Recycled vesicles are refilled with transmitters and stored for a future round of exocytosis. Thus, synaptic vesicles in presynaptic terminals go through various phases. Each vesicle phase is well orchestrated by numerous proteins and advance step-by-step with neural activities. The fine regulations of synaptic vesicle phases by numerous proteins is an exciting subject, and systematic, well-organized explanations in this book will help the reader easily learn about complicated molecular mechanisms in presynaptic terminals.
Download or read book Structure Function Relationship and Modulation of the T type Calcium Channel 1G written by Karel Talavera Perez and published by Leuven University Press. This book was released on 2004-09 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Slow Synaptic Responses and Modulation written by K. Kuba and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information flow as nerve impulses in neuronal circuits is regulated at synapses. The synapse is therefore a key element for information processing in the brain. Much attention has been given to fast synaptic transmission, which predominantly regulates impulse-to-impulse transmission. Slow synaptic transmission and modu lation, however, sometimes have been neglected in considering and attempting to understand brain function. Slow synaptic potentials and modulation occur with a considerable delay in response to the accumulation of synaptic and modulatory inputs. In these contexts, they are plastic in nature and play important roles in information processing in the brain. A symposium titled "Slow Synaptic Responses and Modulation" was held as the satellite symposium to the 75th Annual Meeting of the Physiological Society of Japan on March 30-31, 1998, in Kanazawa. The theme was selected not only for the reason mentioned above, but also because of the considerable involvement of many Japanese scholars in establishing the basic issues. Following the dawn of synaptic physiological research, as Sir John Eccles, Sir Bernard Katz, and Professor Stephen Kuffler carried out pioneer work, Professor Kyozou Koketsu and Professor Benjamin Libet, the students of Sir John Eccles, and their colleagues established the concept of slow synaptic responses and modulation by studying vertebrate sympathetic ganglia. Since then, the concept has been ex panded with detailed investigations of both peripheral and central synapses at the levels of single ion channels, intracellular Ca"+ dynamics, intracellular transduc tion mechanisms, and genes.
Download or read book PH and Brain Function written by Kai Kaila and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1998-09-15 with total page 694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "PH and Brain Function offers thorough coverage of this increasingly important area of research, beginning with the fundamental concepts, which include methodological and theoretical issues such as the measurement of pH and the concept of pH in neurobiology. It explores aspects of regulation and modulation of intracellular pH in brain cells, surveys the changes in pH that occur with neural activity and how these changes affect neural activity, and discusses the role of pH in the pathophysiology of neurological diseases." "pH and Brain Function is an important resource for researchers in all areas of neuroscience as well as cell biology and physiology." --Book Jacket.
Download or read book Optogenetic Modulation of Calcium Channel Dynamics in the Presynaptic Membrane written by Jennifer Heck and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
