Download or read book Modulation of Microtubule Dynamics in Netrin Signaling written by Huai Huang and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuronal development proceeds through several stages, such as axon and dendrite differentiation, elongation, branching, and pathfinding. Extracellular guidance cues play an essential role in these processes. Activation of downstream signaling of guidance receptors eventually leads to the cytoskeleton rearrangement. Microtubules (MTs), as one form of the cytoskeleton, play an important role in axon and dendrite outgrowth, elongation and branching. Netrin-1, a canonical guidance molecule, binds to its receptors Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC), Down Syndrome Cell Adhesion Molecule (DSCAM) and uncoordinated-5 (UNC5) mediating neuronal development. Our recent studies have shown that TUBB3, a neuronal ß-tubulin isotype III, directly binds to DCC and Netrin-1 induces this interaction. Results from multiple function assays indicate that TUBB3 is specifically involved in Netrin-1-induced axon outgrowth and guidance. Heterozygous missense mutations in human TUBB3 gene result in a spectrum of brain malformations associated with defects in axon guidance, neuronal migration, and differentiation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying mutation-related axon guidance abnormalities are unclear. Here, we provide evidence that TUBB3 mutations impair Netrin/DCC signaling in the developing nervous system. The interaction of DCC with most of TUBB3 mutants (eight out of twelve) is significantly reduced compared to the wild type TUBB3. TUBB3 mutants R262C and A302V exhibit decreased subcellular colocalization with DCC in the growth cones of primary neurons. Netrin-1 enhances the interaction of endogenous DCC with wild type human TUBB3, but not with R262C or A302V, in primary neurons. Netrin-1 also increases the co-sedimentation of DCC with polymerized MTs in primary neurons expressing wild type TUBB3, but not R262C or A302V. Expression of either R262C or A302V not only suppresses Netrin-1-induced neurite outgrowth, branching and attraction in vitro, but also causes defects in spinal cord commissural axon projection and pathfinding in ovo. Our study reveals that missense TUBB3 mutations specifically disrupt Netrin/DCC-mediated attractive signaling. MT dynamics play an important role in Netrin-1-promoted axon outgrowth, branching, and axon pathfinding. However, the mechanism by which Netrin-1 regulates this process is not clear. The MT-associated protein (MAP) tau regulates MT stability and dynamics, which are important for neuronal development in the nervous system. Our study shows that tau interacts with the Netrin receptor DCC, and Netrin-1 induces this interaction in primary neurons. Tau colocalizes with DCC in the growth cone of primary neurons and Netrin-1 induces this colocalization. Activation of JNK, GSK-3 and Src family kinases are important for Netrin-1-induced DCC/tau interaction. Knockdown of tau inhibits Netrin-1-induced axon outgrowth, branching and commissural axon attraction in vitro and leads to defects in commissural axon projection in the chick spinal cord in vivo. These findings suggest that tau is involved in Netrin-1 signaling and essential for Netrin-1-promoted neuronal development. In general, these studies are focusing on the role of MT component protein TUBB3 and MT-associated protein tau in the Netrin-1 signaling. The study of TUBB3 mutants further validates the essential role of TUBB3 in Netrin-1-mediated neuronal development by showing that TUBB3 mutants A302V and R262C found in patients disrupt the function of TUBB3 in Netrin-1-mediated neurite outgrowth, axon branching and attraction. The study of tau reveals that tau is involved in Netrin-1-mediated neuronal development. However, the questions regarding the relationship between TUBB3 and tau in Netrin signaling need to be further addressed. For instance, whether Netrin-1 regulates the interaction between tau and TUBB3, and whether the interaction between DCC and tau is dependent upon the presence of TUBB3 need to be clarified.

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Neuroscience Volume 1 written by Larry R. Squire and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-06-12 with total page 12505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of the Neuroscience explores all areas of the discipline in its focused entries on a wide variety of topics in neurology, neurosurgery, psychiatry and other related areas of neuroscience. Each article is written by an expert in that specific domain and peer reviewed by the advisory board before acceptance into the encyclopedia. Each article contains a glossary, introduction, a reference section, and cross-references to other related encyclopedia articles. Written at a level suitable for university undergraduates, the breadth and depth of coverage will appeal beyond undergraduates to professionals and academics in related fields.

Download or read book Fundamental Neuroscience written by Larry Squire and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2008-04-02 with total page 1277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamental Neuroscience, Third Edition introduces graduate and upper-level undergraduate students to the full range of contemporary neuroscience. Addressing instructor and student feedback on the previous edition, all of the chapters are rewritten to make this book more concise and student-friendly than ever before. Each chapter is once again heavily illustrated and provides clinical boxes describing experiments, disorders, and methodological approaches and concepts.Capturing the promise and excitement of this fast-moving field, Fundamental Neuroscience, 3rd Edition is the text that students will be able to reference throughout their neuroscience careers! 30% new material including new chapters on Dendritic Development and Spine Morphogenesis, Chemical Senses, Cerebellum, Eye Movements, Circadian Timing, Sleep and Dreaming, and Consciousness Additional text boxes describing key experiments, disorders, methods, and concepts Multiple model system coverage beyond rats, mice, and monkeys Extensively expanded index for easier referencing

Download or read book Neurodegenerative Diseases written by Rommy von Bernhardi and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2008 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses in detail the different hypothesis and experimental evidence regarding the neurobiological mechanisms involved in neurodegenerative pathology, with an emphasis in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Since there are many hypotheses for neurodegenerative diseases, there is a real need for a comprehensive view, allowing for integration of the different views for the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease.

Download or read book Intracellular Mechanisms for Neuritogenesis written by Ivan Curtis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-04-03 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book present in novel, distinct, but highly related aspects of the intracellular mechanisms required for the formation of a functional neurite, which include cytoskeletal organization, membrane traffic, and signal transduction. Its aim is to present this topic to the general readership of neurobiologists and molecular and cellular biologists to further stimulate the interest into this exciting section of neurobiology.

Download or read book Cell and molecular signaling and transport pathways involved in growth factor control of synaptic development and function written by Akira Yoshii and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-08-31 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brain derived neurotophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling has been extensively studied for its roles in the central nervous system (CNS) ranging from cell survival, axonal and dendritic growth and synapse formation. Intracellular signaling pathways triggered by BDNF activate gene transcription, translation, post-translational functions, trafficking of key synaptic proteins, and synaptic release mechanism. BDNF-TrkB signaling mediates long-lasting activity-modulated synaptic changes on excitatory and inhibitory neurons and plays significant roles in circuit development and modulation. Furthermore, this pathway is critical for learning, memory, sensory processing and other cognitive functions, and is implicated in neurological and psychiatric diseases. In addition to BDNF, more recent studies have identified new “growth” factors that play important roles in the development, maturation and maintenance and modulation of synaptic function. However, details of the cytoplamic signaling systems downstream of these synaptogenic factors are often less understood than conventional neurotophin signaling. This e-Book has collected original studies and review articles that present cellular and molecular mechanisms concerning activity-dependent synapse formation and their implications for behavior and brain disorders. It is our hope that readers will perceive this volume as a showcase for diversity and complexity of synaptogenic growth factors, and will stimulate further studies in this field.

Download or read book A Genetic Analysis of UNC 40 DCC Signaling in C e e g a written by Zemer Gitai and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Dendrites written by Kazuo Emoto and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-19 with total page 596 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies in human patients and animal models of disease suggest a strong correlation between defects in dendrite development and common neurological disorders such as autism. Much of this book is thus dedicated toward highlighting recent advances in our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate the development and maintenance of dendrites, a crucial component of neurons. The book begins by presenting the current state of knowledge on the building blocks or cell biology of dendrites. Mechanisms that sculpt the stereotypic architecture of dendritic arbors and shape their connectivity are also discussed, along with recent work describing how dendritic organization and connectivity are perturbed in disease. A unique aspect of the book is its exploration of diverse neuronal cell types across vertebrates and invertebrates, allowing a comparison of mechanisms across distinct circuits and species. The book comprises six parts, which cover the major advances in the field: Part 1, Introduction; Part 2, Basic Biology of Dendrites; Part 3, Patterning Dendritic Architecture of Neurons and Their Populations; Part 4, Cellular and Molecular Control of Dendrite Development and Maintenance; Part 5, Synapse Formation onto Dendrites; and Part 6, Dendrites in Disease. The book offers an excellent point of entry for students interested in neuroscience, as well as for clinicians.

Download or read book Cellular Migration and Formation of Axons and Dendrites written by Bin Chen and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-05-29 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cellular Migration and Formation of Neuronal Connections, Second Edition, the latest release in the Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience series, presents the latest information on the genetic, molecular and cellular mechanisms of neural development. This book provides a much-needed update that underscores the latest research in this rapidly evolving field, with new section editors discussing the technological advances that are enabling the pursuit of new research on brain development. This volume focuses on the formation of axons and dendrites and cellular migration. - Features leading experts in various subfields as section editors and article authors - Presents articles that have been peer reviewed to ensure accuracy, thoroughness and scholarship - Includes coverage of mechanisms which regulate the formation of axons and dendrites and cellular migration - Covers neural activity, from cell-intrinsic maturation, to early correlated patterns of activity

Download or read book Molecular and Cellular Crosstalk on Neuronal Functionality and Regulation From Development to Pathology written by Inmaculada Segura and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-09-27 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Development of the Chick written by Henry Holt and Company and published by Legare Street Press. This book was released on 2022-10-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.

Download or read book Neuroscience in the 21st Century written by Donald W. Pfaff and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-10-17 with total page 4592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited and authored by a wealth of international experts in neuroscience and related disciplines, this key new resource aims to offer medical students and graduate researchers around the world a comprehensive introduction and overview of modern neuroscience. Neuroscience research is certain to prove a vital element in combating mental illness in its various incarnations, a strategic battleground in the future of medicine, as the prevalence of mental disorders is becoming better understood each year. Hundreds of millions of people worldwide are affected by mental, behavioral, neurological and substance use disorders. The World Health Organization estimated in 2002 that 154 million people globally suffer from depression and 25 million people from schizophrenia; 91 million people are affected by alcohol use disorders and 15 million by drug use disorders. A more recent WHO report shows that 50 million people suffer from epilepsy and 24 million from Alzheimer’s and other dementias. Because neuroscience takes the etiology of disease—the complex interplay between biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors—as its object of inquiry, it is increasingly valuable in understanding an array of medical conditions. A recent report by the United States’ Surgeon General cites several such diseases: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, early-onset depression, autism, attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder, anorexia nervosa, and panic disorder, among many others. Not only is this volume a boon to those wishing to understand the future of neuroscience, it also aims to encourage the initiation of neuroscience programs in developing countries, featuring as it does an appendix full of advice on how to develop such programs. With broad coverage of both basic science and clinical issues, comprising around 150 chapters from a diversity of international authors and including complementary video components, Neuroscience in the 21st Century in its third edition serves as a comprehensive resource to students and researchers alike.

Download or read book Visual Development written by Nigel W. Daw and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the first introductory-level text in its field, Visual Development offers a comprehensive understanding of the development of the visual system and the effects of visual deprivation. The material is treated from the behavioral, anatomical, and physiological points of view. Complete with ample illustrations and a helpful glossary, this text is invaluable for graduate students, optometry students, and ophthalmology residents as well as for experts in related fields.

Download or read book Wiring Principles of Cerebral Cortex written by Julian Budd and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-11-17 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cerebral cortex is probably the most complex biological network. Here many millions of individual neurons, the functional units of cortex, are interconnected through a massive yet highly organized pattern of axonal and dendritic wiring. This wiring enables both near and distant cells to coordinate their responses and generate a rich variety of cognitions and behaviours. When the wiring is damaged through disease or trauma it may reorganize but this may lead to characteristic pathological behaviours. While there have been significant advances in mapping cortical connectivity, the organizing principles and function of this connectivity are not well understood. On the one hand, there appears to be general design constraints governing cortical wiring, as first recognised by Rámon y Cajal's in his laws of conduction, material, and volume conservation. Yet on the other hand, particular patterns of cortical wiring exist to serve specific functions. There is a wide gap in understanding how the response and connectivity properties of a single neuron contribute to emergent network functions such as in detecting perceptually relevant features. Unravelling this intimate causal relationship represents one of the major challenges in neuroscience. This Research Topic will examine progress in understanding cortical wiring principles. This Research Topic aims to draw together recent advances in methods and understanding as well as recent challenges to existing ideas about how cerebral cortex is wired. This is particularly timely because new automated techniques may soon yield huge datasets in need of explanation. Recent studies have, for instance, empirically evaluated Rámon y Cajal's conservation laws for cerebral cortex, while others have shown some unexpected connectivity features that may refine the traditional view of how corticocortical connections are organised with regard to functional representations of auditory, somatosensory and visual cortices. Understanding these data will help improve the fidelity of neural models of cerebral cortical function and take into account the diversity of connections at both micro- and mesoscopic scales not seen at such a depth before.

Download or read book Mammalian Transient Receptor Potential TRP Cation Channels written by Bernd Nilius and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-24 with total page 569 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ​In this fast moving field the main goal of this volume is to provide up-to-date information on the molecular and functional properties and pharmacology of mammalian TRP channels. Leading experts in the field describe properties of a single TRP protein/channel or portray more general principles of TRP function and important pathological situations linked to mutations of TRP genes or their altered expression. Thereby this volume on Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) Channels provides valuable information for readers with different expectations and backgrounds, for those who are approaching this field of research as well as for those wanting to make a trip to TRPs.

Download or read book Neuronal Development and Degeneration written by Wenbo Zhang and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-23 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cellular Migration and Formation of Neuronal Connections written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-05-06 with total page 1081 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of neural development are essential for understanding evolution and disorders of neural systems. Recent advances in genetic, molecular, and cell biological methods have generated a massive increase in new information, but there is a paucity of comprehensive and up-to-date syntheses, references, and historical perspectives on this important subject. The Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience series is designed to fill this gap, offering the most thorough coverage of this field on the market today and addressing all aspects of how the nervous system and its components develop. Particular attention is paid to the effects of abnormal development and on new psychiatric/neurological treatments being developed based on our increased understanding of developmental mechanisms. Each volume in the series consists of review style articles that average 15-20pp and feature numerous illustrations and full references. Volume 2 offers 56 high level articles devoted mainly to Formation of Axons and Dendrites, Migration, Synaptogenesis, Developmental Sequences in the Maturation of Intrinsic and Synapse Driven Patterns. - Series offers 144 articles for 2904 full color pages addressing ways in which the nervous system and its components develop - Features leading experts in various subfields as Section Editors and article Authors - All articles peer reviewed by Section Editors to ensure accuracy, thoroughness, and scholarship - Volume 2 sections include coverage of mechanisms which regulate: the formation of axons and dendrites, cell migration, synapse formation and maintenance during development, and neural activity, from cell-intrinsic maturation to early correlated patterns of activity