Download or read book Modulation of Bile Acid and Cholesterol Metabolism in Health and Disease written by Cecilia Gälman and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Bile Acids Chemistry Physiology and Metabolism written by P. Nair and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first two volumes of this series addressed themselves to the chemistry, physiology, and metabolism of the bile acids. The present volume is devoted to the pathophysiology of bile acids. As the role of bile acids in health and disease is being increasingly recognized, we have chosen for discussion a wide range of topics of current importance. The presence of bile acids in brain tissue and their possible role in demyelinating diseases form the subject of a provocative discussion. As an extension of this theme, the presence and quantification of bile acids in extrahepatic tissues is the subject of one chapter. The pathophysiological implications of bile acids at the macromolecular level is highlighted by a chapter on the influence of bile salts on the activity of various enzymes. The general area of hepatobiliary diseases is discussed in two chapters: one describes changes in bile salt metabolism in liver diseases and the other focuses on cholesterol gallstones and their formation and dissolution. Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis has been shown to entail a defect in bile acid and sterol metabolism, and this metabolic error is the subject of an illuminating exposition. There is presently a concerted research effort being brought to bear on the causes of colon cancer, and one important aspect of this work centers on bile acid metabolism. Aspects of bile acid metabolism and cancer are the subject of two chapters. And finally, the role of dietary fiber in bile acid metabolism is updated.
Download or read book A Metabonomics Study of the Modulation of Lipid and Bile Acid Metabolism by the Gut Microbiota and Consequences on Obesity and Fatty Liver Disease written by Magali Sarafian and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Functional Study of Nuclear Receptors and Bile Acids in the Modulation of Cholesterol Metabolism written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bile Acids in Health and Disease written by T.C. Northfield and published by Springer. This book was released on 1988-07-31 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bile acids occupy a central position in in the absorption, excretion and metab olism of lipids within the body. Our understanding of their unique properties has illuminated many biochemical and biophysical processes. Animals have evolved a unique system of preserving these important detergent-like molecules within the body and reusing them many times - the enterohepatic circulation. Disorders of the enterohepatic circulation contribute to a correspondingly wide range of diseases, and recent developments have centred in particular on cholesterol gallstone disease and bile acid diarrhoea. Successful manage ment of these diseases is increasingly based on an understanding of the physicochemical and biochemical properties of bile acids, and of their pathophysiological role in disease. Professor Alan Hofmann starts this book with an overview of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids. The first section then discusses biliary lipid synthesis, transport and secretion by the liver and the solubilisation of cholesterol in the bile. The next section applies this knowledge to the pathogenesis of cholesterol gallstones. Separate chapters focus on defects in biliary lipid secretion, in cholesterol solubilisation and in gallbladder motility. The succeeding sections then review posssible approaches to gallstone prevention, and assess recent developments in non-surgical forms oftreatment. Two exciting new therapies that receive particular attention are contact dissolution therapy with methyl tert-butyl ether and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Further sections turn to the absorptive functions of bile acids in health.
Download or read book Bile Acids and Their Receptors written by Stefano Fiorucci and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-09-03 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focusses on the latest results related to the field of bile acids as signaling molecules and describes how these receptors have become a major pharmacological target. It covers all major areas of research in this field, from genetics, chemistry, in silico modeling, molecular biology to clinical applications, offering a cross-country view of the functional role of bile acids as signaling molecules, virtually acting on all major areas of metabolism. While FXR and GPBAR1 are essential bile acid sensors that integrate the de novo bile acid synthesis with intestinal microbiota and liver metabolism, in a broader sense, BARs play a pathogenic role in the development of common human alignments including liver, intestinal and metabolic disorders, such as steatosis (NAFLD) and steato-hepatitis (NASH), diabetes, obesity and atherosclerosis.
Download or read book Nutritional Modulation of Hepatic Lipid Metabolism in Health and Disease written by Richard David Johnston and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this thesis was to assess the impact of altering macronutrient intakes on hepatic lipid metabolism. Two separate studies were performed, with liver triglyceride content being the principal outcome of both. In the first study 32 healthy and centrally overweight males were randomised to 2 periods, each of 2 weeks, of either a high fructose or glucose intake in a non-crossover fashion. Isoenergetic status was maintained by providing foodstuffs during the first period, followed by a 6 week washout and then a second period of ad libitum overfeeding. In the second study 55 patients with biopsy proven non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were randomised to 3 months 5g a day of capsules containing either n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid or oleic enriched sunflower oil. The main findings are summarised. High intakes of fructose and glucose in the isoenergetic period resulted in a stable weight, and no change in hepatic, serum and ectopic triglyceride content. There was a raised serum uric acid with fructose. During the hyperenergetic period there was a tendency for greater uric acid with fructose, whilst both groups had a matched weight gain, elevation of liver biochemistry and an increase in hepatic, serum and muscle triglycerides. Changes in liver biochemistry and triglycerides were associated with changes in weight. During both periods there was calorimetric evidence for a shift in whole body metabolism towards that reflective of a high carbohydrate intake. There was no alteration in renal function or cardiovascular haemodynamic parameters or consistent change in insulin resistance. The n-3 polyunsaturated versus oleic acid study resulted in significant alterations of serum fatty acid profiles between the groups, which were in line with the capsules' contents. These changes however failed to translate, in the whole group, to any detected metabolic or hepatic changes beyond a reduction in serum triglyceride with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Only 43 of the 55 patients had elevated liver triglycerides on baseline MRI. Amongst this 43 there was a reduction in liver triglyceride with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, but no other associated metabolic changes. The uric acid findings support the notion of fructose and glucose differing in their pre triose metabolism. There was however no differing outcomes in terms of lipid synthesis or storage. There was a suggestion of reduced liver triglycerides with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids though this was an isolated result only found amongst those with a steatotic liver at baseline. Ultimately the exquisite sensitivity of the liver to nutrient intakes was highlighted by the 0.8% gain in weight in the fructose / glucose study resulting in a 24% increase in liver lipid. This affirms the notion that dietary energy intakes have a profound influence on hepatic metabolism, but there is no evidence from this thesis that this influence is macronutrient specific. In the future macronutrient comparisons need to be made.
Download or read book Bile Acid Metabolism in Health and Disease written by G. Paumgartner and published by Springer. This book was released on 1977-07-31 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Liver written by Irwin M. Arias and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-03-09 with total page 1156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridging the gap between basic scientific advances and the understanding of liver disease — the extensively revised new edition of the premier text in the field. The latest edition of The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology remains a definitive volume in the field of hepatology, relating advances in biomedical sciences and engineering to understanding of liver structure, function, and disease pathology and treatment. Contributions from leading researchers examine the cell biology of the liver, the pathobiology of liver disease, the liver’s growth, regeneration, metabolic functions, and more. Now in its sixth edition, this classic text has been exhaustively revised to reflect new discoveries in biology and their influence on diagnosing, managing, and preventing liver disease. Seventy new chapters — including substantial original sections on liver cancer and groundbreaking advances that will have significant impact on hepatology — provide comprehensive, fully up-to-date coverage of both the current state and future direction of hepatology. Topics include liver RNA structure and function, gene editing, single-cell and single-molecule genomic analyses, the molecular biology of hepatitis, drug interactions and engineered drug design, and liver disease mechanisms and therapies. Edited by globally-recognized experts in the field, this authoritative volume: Relates molecular physiology to understanding disease pathology and treatment Links the science and pathology of the liver to practical clinical applications Features 16 new “Horizons” chapters that explore new and emerging science and technology Includes plentiful full-color illustrations and figures The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology, Sixth Edition is an indispensable resource for practicing and trainee hepatologists, gastroenterologists, hepatobiliary and liver transplant surgeons, and researchers and scientists in areas including hepatology, cell and molecular biology, virology, and drug metabolism.
Download or read book Use of New Approach Methodologies NAMs to Study the Effects of Antibiotics on Bile Acidhomeostasis written by and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gut microbiota has huge impact on health, well-being and disease of the host organism. The microbiota is crucial in many physiological processes including bile acid synthesis, xenobiotic and drug metabolism, antimicrobial protection and immunomodulation. Bile acids not only regulate the digestion and absorption of cholesterol, and dietary fat and vitamins, but also play an important role in host health and disease. Bile acid homeostasis is closely related to gut microbiota dynamics, and this homeostasis can be altered by xenobiotics such as for example antibiotics which are known to affect gut microbiota. The aim of the present thesis was to investigate the use of new approach methodologies (NAMs) for studies on the effects of antibiotics on bile acid homoeostasis. First, combined taxonomic profiling and bile acid profiling were performed showing that the in vitro anaerobic fecal incubation model is a reliable tool to study the effects of xenobiotics on gut microbiota and related metabolism. Given that the enterohepatic circulation is a highly efficient pathway and important in bile acid homeostasis, the in vitro Caco-2 cell transwell model was used to study the intestinal reuptake of bile acids. These two in vitro models provided alternative testing strategies to illustrate the effects of the antibiotics on gut microbiota and bile acid kinetics. In addition, an in silico approach was used to link the in vitro data to in vivo human plasma bile acid concentrations by PBK modeling simulations. Taking all together the thesis shows that it is feasible to apply new approach methodologies (NAMs) to study the role of the gut microbiota and intestinal transporters in bile acid metabolism and homeostasis in the host. .
Download or read book Bile Acids as Therapeutic Agents written by G. Paumgartner and published by Springer. This book was released on 1991-06-30 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microbiome Host Interactions written by D. Dhanasekaran and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-04-01 with total page 863 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbiota are a promising and fascinating subject in biology because they integrate the microbial communities in humans, animals, plants, and the environment. In humans, microbiota are associated with the gut, skin, and genital, oral, and respiratory organs. The plant microbial community is referred to as "holobiont," and it is influential in the maintenance and health of plants, which themselves play a role in animal health and the environment. The contents of Microbiome-Host Interactions cover all areas as well as new research trends in the fields of plant, animal, human, and environmental microbiome interactions. The book covers microbiota in polar soil environments, in health and disease, in Caenorhabditis elegans, and in agroecosystems, as well as in rice root and actinorhizal root nodules, speleothems, and marine shallow-water hydrothermal vents. Moreover, this book provides comprehensive accounts of advanced next-generation DNA sequencing, metagenomic techniques, high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing, and understanding nucleic acid sequence data from fungal, algal, viral, bacterial, cyanobacterial, actinobacterial, and archaeal communities using QIIME software (Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology). FEATURES Summarizes recent insight in microbiota and host interactions in distinct habitats, including Antarctic, hydrothermal vents, speleothems, oral, skin, gut, feces, reproductive tract, soil, root, root nodules, forests, and mangroves Illustrates the high-throughput amplicon sequencing, computational techniques involved in the microbiota analysis, downstream analysis and visualization, and multivariate analysis commonly used for microbiome analysis Describes probiotics and prebiotics in the composition of the gut microbiota, skin microbiome impact in dermatologic disease prevention, and microbial communities in the reproductive tract of humans and animals Presents information in a reachable way for students, teachers, researchers, microbiologists, computational biologists, and other professionals who are interested in strengthening or enlarging their knowledge about microbiome analysis with next-generation DNA sequencing in the different branches of the sciences
Download or read book Mammalian Sterols written by Damjana Rozman and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-10 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive description of sterols and their novel biological roles in mammalian signaling, the book covers their biosynthesis and structure, describes sterol receptor -mediated actions, their tissue distribution and their role in disease. It offers insight into new research findings, focusing specifically on novel discoveries in bile acid and oxysterol signaling, including the lanosterol-to-cholesterol intermediates. Special attention is paid on the sex distribution of these sterols (male or female) and their sexually dimorphic roles in mammalian species, such as human, rat and mouse. Since sterols and drugs (xenobiotics) use many identical receptor-mediated signaling pathways, the book will be interesting for researchers working on the cross-road of endogenous and xenobiotic metabolism, it is intended for advanced students and scientists in molecular biology and biochemistry as well as for medical doctors in hepatology.
Download or read book Dietary Fiber written by Charis M. Galanakis and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-06-27 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dietary Fiber: Properties, Recovery and Applications explores the properties and health effects of dietary fiber, along with new trends in recovery procedures and applications. The book covers the most trending topics of dietary fiber applications, emphasizing polyphenol properties, bioavailability and metabolomics, target sources, recovery and emerging technologies, technological aspects, stability during processing, and applications in the food, beverage and nutraceutical sectors. Written by a team of experts in the field of dietary fiber, this book is ideal for chemists, food scientists, technologists, new product developers and academics. Thoroughly explores dietary fiber properties and health effects in light of new trends in recovery procedures and applications Covers issues in three critical dimensions: properties, recovery and applications Focuses on applications in food additives, as well as recovery from plant processing by-products
Download or read book Cholesterol written by Anna N. Bukiya and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-04-26 with total page 1060 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With Cholesterol, Drs. Anna Bukiya and Alex Dopico have compiled a comprehensive resource on biological and clinical aspects of cholesterol, spanning biophysics and biochemistry, as well as the latest pharmacological discoveries employed to tackle disorders associated with abnormal cholesterol levels. Early chapters on basic biology offer guidance in cholesterol lab chemistry, cholesterol metabolism and synthesis, molecular evolution of cholesterol and sterols, cholesterol peptides, and cholesterol modulation. Chapters on cellular and organismal development discuss cholesterol transport in blood, lipoproteins, and cholesterol metabolism; cholesterol detection in the blood; cellular cholesterol levels; hypercholesterolemia; and the role of cholesterol in early human development. Pathophysical specialists consider familial hypobetalipoproteinemia, critical illness and cholesterol levels, coronary artery disease, CESD, cholesterol and viral pathology, cholesterol and neurodegenerative disorders, and cholesterol and substance use disorders. A final section examines pharmacology of drug delivery systems targeting cholesterol related disorders, cholesterol receptors, cholesterol reduction, statins, citrate lyase, cyclodextrins, and clinical management. Cholesterol: From Biophysics and Biochemistry to Pathology and Pharmacology empowers researchers, students, and clinicians across various disciplines to advance new cholesterol-based studies, improve clinical management, and drive drug discovery. Ties basic biology to clinical application and drug discovery Provides methods and protocols for lab-based cholesterol research and clinical testing Examines the latest pharmacological discoveries employed to tackle cholesterol related disorders Includes chapter contributions from a wide range of specialists, uniting various disciplines
Download or read book Free Fatty Acid Receptors written by Graeme Milligan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-08 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the important role free fatty acids (FFA) play as potential drug targets. While FFA have long been considered byproducts of cell metabolism, they are now recognized as ligands that regulate cell and tissue function via G-protein-coupled receptors. At least three receptors have been identified for which FFA appear to be the endogenous ligands.
Download or read book Diet and Health written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 765 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diet and Health examines the many complex issues concerning diet and its role in increasing or decreasing the risk of chronic disease. It proposes dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of the major diseases and causes of death today: atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (including heart attack and stroke), cancer, high blood pressure, obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and dental caries.
