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Book Modi s India

    Book Details:
  • Author : Christophe Jaffrelot
  • Publisher : Princeton University Press
  • Release : 2023-04-11
  • ISBN : 0691247900
  • Pages : 656 pages

Download or read book Modi s India written by Christophe Jaffrelot and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2023-04-11 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A riveting account of how a popularly elected leader has steered the world's largest democracy toward authoritarianism and intolerance Over the past two decades, thanks to Narendra Modi, Hindu nationalism has been coupled with a form of national-populism that has ensured its success at the polls, first in Gujarat and then in India at large. Modi managed to seduce a substantial number of citizens by promising them development and polarizing the electorate along ethno-religious lines. Both facets of this national-populism found expression in a highly personalized political style as Modi related directly to the voters through all kinds of channels of communication in order to saturate the public space. Drawing on original interviews conducted across India, Christophe Jaffrelot shows how Modi's government has moved India toward a new form of democracy, an ethnic democracy that equates the majoritarian community with the nation and relegates Muslims and Christians to second-class citizens who are harassed by vigilante groups. He discusses how the promotion of Hindu nationalism has resulted in attacks against secularists, intellectuals, universities, and NGOs. Jaffrelot explains how the political system of India has acquired authoritarian features for other reasons, too. Eager to govern not only in New Delhi, but also in the states, the government has centralized power at the expense of federalism and undermined institutions that were part of the checks and balances, including India's Supreme Court. Modi's India is a sobering account of how a once-vibrant democracy can go wrong when a government backed by popular consent suppresses dissent while growing increasingly intolerant of ethnic and religious minorities.

Book The Modi Effect

Download or read book The Modi Effect written by Lance Price and published by Quercus. This book was released on 2015-03-24 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the author of Where Power Lies and The Spin Doctor's Diary, comes a new book that tells the story of Narendra Modi's meteoric rise to power on the international stage, The Modi Effect: Inside Narendra Modi's Campaign to Transform India. With exclusive access to the architects of Modi's campaign, Prime Minister Modi and his current cabinet, Mr. Price has delivered an insider's account of this incredible political movement. In examining Modi's character and his position as leader of an increasingly powerful nation, Mr. Price explores the global impact of Modi's victory and its on-going transformation of international politics. On May 16, 2014, Narendra Modi was declared the winner of the largest democratic election ever conducted in human history. But how did this impoverished chai wallah, who sold tea on trains as a boy, rise to become Prime Minister of India? Political parties in the West pride themselves on the sophistication of their election strategies, but they all have a lot to learn from this election. Modi's campaign was a master class in modern electioneering. His team created an election machine that broke new ground in the use of social media, the Internet, mobile phones, and digital technologies. Modi took part in thousands of public events, but in such a vast country it was impossible to visit every town and village in person. How did he do it? Via "virtual Modi"-a life-sized 3D hologram-beamed to parts of the vast nation he could not reach in person. These pioneering techniques brought millions of young people-the holy grail of election strategists everywhere-to ballot boxes. Under Narendra Modi's leadership the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) won a crushing victory in the 2014 general election leaving the Congress Party of the Gandhi political dynasty in disarray. For the first time in the history of India, an opposition leader swept to power with an overall majority. Former BBC correspondent and political consultant Lance Price was granted exclusive access to Prime Minister Modi and his team of advisers to write this book. With complete freedom to tell the story as he found it, Price details Modi's rise to power, the extraordinary election victory, and its aftermath. The book examines Modi's rise, his unprecedented mass appeal despite the controversies surrounding him (including the West shunning him), and the pivotal role he will now play on the international stage. The Modi Effect exposes the changing landscape of electioneering in twenty-first century global politics through the story of Modi's campaign, when message management and technological wizardry combined to create a vote-winning colossus.

Book Modi   Success India

    Book Details:
  • Author : Renu Saini
  • Publisher : Prabhat Prakashan Pvt Limited
  • Release : 2018-03-02
  • ISBN : 9789352669806
  • Pages : 258 pages

Download or read book Modi Success India written by Renu Saini and published by Prabhat Prakashan Pvt Limited. This book was released on 2018-03-02 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are innumerable books written about PM Narendra Modi. His life, from his childhood till now, is in the form of an open book. Modi has not only resonated with the prosperous class with his policies, efficiency, proficiency and pertinence but their Prime Minister is also the common man's friend. Today, an ordinary person from any walk of life can send messages about his problems with spontaneity and can even meet the unrivalled and extraordinary personality, the Prime Minister of India! Undoubtedly, it is a secret to his popularity and prosperity that he can connect humbly with the people while meeting them.

Book Getting India Back on Track

Download or read book Getting India Back on Track written by Ashley J. Tellis and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2014-06-09 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: India has fallen far and fast from the runaway growth rates it enjoyed in the first decade of the twenty-first century. In order to reverse this trend, New Delhi must seriously reflect on its policy choices across a wide range of issue areas. Getting India Back on Track broadly coincides with the 2014 Indian elections to spur a public debate about the program that the next government should pursue in order to return the country to a path of high growth. It convenes some of India's most accomplished analysts to recommend policies in every major sector of the Indian economy. Taken together, these seventeen focused and concise memoranda offer policymakers and the general public alike a clear blueprint for India's future. Contents Foreword Ratan N. Tata (Chairman, Tata Trusts) Introduction Ashley J. Tellis and Reece Trevor (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace) 1. Maintaining Macroeconomic Stability Ila Patnaik (National Institute of Public Finance and Policy) 2. Dismantling the Welfare State Surjit Bhalla (Oxus Investments) 3. Revamping Agriculture and the Public Distribution System Ashok Gulati (Commission for Agriculture Costs and Prices) 4. Revisiting Manufacturing Policy Rajiv Kumar (Centre for Policy Research) 5. Generating Employment Omkar Goswami (Corporate and Economic Research Group) 6. Expanding Education and Skills Laveesh Bhandari (Indicus Analytics) 7. Confronting Health Challenges A. K. Shiva Kumar (National Advisory Council) 8. Accelerating Infrastructure Modernization Rajiv Lall and Ritu Anand (IDFC Limited) 9. Managing Urbanization Somik Lall and Tara Vishwanath (World Bank) 10. Renovating Land Management Barun S. Mitra (Liberty Institute) and Madhumita D. Mitra (consultant) 11. Addressing Water Management Tushaar Shah (International Water Management Institute) and Shilp Verma (independent researcher) 12. Reforming Energy Policy and Pricing Sunjoy Joshi (Observer Research Foundation) 13. Managing the Environment Ligia Noronha (Energy and Resources Institute) 14. Strengthening Rule of Law Devesh Kapur (University of Pennsylvania) and Milan Vaishnav (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace) 15. Correcting the Administrative Deficit Bibek Debroy (Centre for Policy Research) 16. Building Advanced Technology Capacity for Competitive Arms Acquisition Ravinder Pal Singh (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute) 17. Rejuvenating Foreign Policy C. Raja Mohan (Observer Research Foundation and Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

Book MODI 2 0

    Book Details:
  • Author : Biswapati Goswami
  • Publisher : Orange Boooks International
  • Release : 2019
  • ISBN : 9789387873063
  • Pages : 244 pages

Download or read book MODI 2 0 written by Biswapati Goswami and published by Orange Boooks International. This book was released on 2019 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Modi Government is in Place, the Cabinet has been sworn in, the responsibilities defined and it is now the time to implement the promises to the country. Modi 2.0 is about the implementation of the Foundation Stone laid down by the Most Successful Prime Minister India had ever witnessed. This Era as read out by Hon'ble President of India Sh. Ram Nath Kovind in his parliamentary address will focus on National Security and Economic Growth catering to all sections of society, more or less in tune with the election campaign promises. The Election has clearly shown that the people of the country have implicit faith on the Prime Minister and have given him a mandate larger that he was given in 2014. It is now the time to prove, "Modi Hai to Mumkin Hai". This book is beneficial for the readers to develop a broader knowledge of the policies and goals laid down by our Hon'ble Prime Minister of India Sh. Narendra Modi which have raised expectations of the Indian Citizens.

Book Man With A Mission 2047  Modi s Luminous Vision for India  Narendra Modi Vision and Accomplishments

Download or read book Man With A Mission 2047 Modi s Luminous Vision for India Narendra Modi Vision and Accomplishments written by Rahul Mehta and published by Prabhat Prakashan. This book was released on 2024-05-20 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With a heritage of 25 years in geo-politics, public perception, policy research and mind sharing, Team Psifos has witnessed India's remarkable transformation under Prime Minister Narendra Modi - the first PM elected directly by the people, not by the virtue of political lineage. PM Modi’s journey has been truly transformative. Our team had the privilege of working closely with and group worked on ‘Mission 272 Plus’ during the 2014 elections and takes pride in crafting this document of achievement only a mere decade later. The Honourable Prime Minister's address to the nation on August 15, 2014 from Lal Quila, resonated deeply as a testament to the transformation of the common man in India and ‘Viksit Bharat 2047’. This book unravels PM Modi’s relentless efforts to reshape India and provides insights into his visionary future roadmap. Modi’s march to success started with Swachh Bharat, and Izzat Ghar, which have helped Bharat’s millions of our sisters transform into healthy Bharat! World Yoga Day united the world with one vision of fitness through India’s ancient yoga practices, which have now 175 countries as member. Khelo India, Fit India Movement, Pradhan Mantri Garib Awas Yojana have helped many to achieve Atmanirbhar Bharat and leading Viksit Bharat 2047.

Book The Legend of Narendra Modi

    Book Details:
  • Author : MR Azad Ray
  • Publisher : Invincible Publishers
  • Release : 2016-08-30
  • ISBN : 9788193238295
  • Pages : pages

Download or read book The Legend of Narendra Modi written by MR Azad Ray and published by Invincible Publishers. This book was released on 2016-08-30 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With rigorous research and political insight, Azad Ray has written Modi's achievements and failures in his two years of Prime Minister's office with all his policy, fallacy and diplomacy having the legacy of great Indian's like Sardar Patel, Lal Bahadur Shastri and Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Azad has tried to project the hits and misses between his promise and delivery of 40% of his tenure as the CEO of India with boom and bang, sometimes a whimper, rather giving enough information of his past achievements as a four time Chief Minister of Gujarat that has already been projected by many talented authors and journalists like Andy Marino, Pankaj Kumar and others. But Azad has explained Modi's achievement with utmost criticism of good and bad, success and failure, promise and delivery that you can call it a two year assessment of Modi as a Prime Minister with profound journalistic research.

Book Narendra Modi Icon of Development

Download or read book Narendra Modi Icon of Development written by Kishore Makwana and published by Prabhat Prakashan. This book was released on 2021-01-19 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Narendra Modi came to know that Gujarat was a backward state in the field of education; especially in the field of girl education. It shocked him greatly. He used his skills to remove the past shortcomings which had been in existence over years. The entire council of ministers and administrative officers now focussed their attention on the mission mode. From the month of June in 2003 was started the Shala Praveshotsav and Kanya Shiksha Mahotsav. It became an annual feature. Today; Gujarat has achieved the goal of cent percent enrolment. Due to Narendra Modi’s efficiency in working with a unique viewpoint in every conceivable field; the officers of Gujarat have earned respect all over the country. It started; as if; a competition among officers and states to work better. The success formula of Modi’s Government in the state is no mystery; it is simply based on the new attitude; new viewpoint and hard work.Narendra Modi came to know that Gujarat was a backward state in the field of education; especially in the field of girl education. It shocked him greatly. He used his skills to remove the past shortcomings which had been in existence over years. The entire council of ministers and administrative officers now focussed their attention on the mission mode. From the month of June in 2003 was started the Shala Praveshotsav and Kanya Shiksha Mahotsav. It became an annual feature. Today; Gujarat has achieved the goal of cent percent enrolment. Due to Narendra Modi’s efficiency in working with a unique viewpoint in every conceivable field; the officers of Gujarat have earned respect all over the country. It started; as if; a competition among officers and states to work better. The success formula of Modi’s Government in the state is no mystery; it is simply based on the new attitude; new viewpoint and hard work. Narendra Modi Icon of Development by Kishore Makwana: This book provides a biographical account of Narendra Modi, the Prime Minister of India, highlighting his contributions to the field of development and governance. With its focus on politics and public policy, "Narendra Modi Icon of Development" is a must-read for anyone interested in the contemporary political landscape of India. Key Aspects of the Book "Narendra Modi Icon of Development": Leadership: The book highlights Narendra Modi's leadership qualities and style, showcasing his approach to governance and development. Public Policy and Governance: The book focuses on the policies and programs implemented by Narendra Modi, highlighting their impact on various sectors of the Indian economy and society. Inspiring Story: The book tells a captivating and inspiring story, showcasing the power of determination and hard work in achieving success. Kishore Makwana is a political analyst and writer who has written extensively on Indian politics and governance. "Narendra Modi Icon of Development" is one of his most acclaimed works.

Book Motivating Thoughts of Narendra Modi

Download or read book Motivating Thoughts of Narendra Modi written by Mahesh Dutt Sharma and published by Prabhat Prakashan. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here I am presenting his voice and words which really shook the hearts and souls of many Indians within the country and worldwide. His positive attitude and sincere approach towards country’s betterment has appreciated by all the powerful countries in the world. His command over the language, especially Hindi, has been remarkable. His easy frolic with words and letters hit his opponents hard and place faith and trust in common man. I myself listened to Mr. Modi in many of his rallies and saw that how his admirable command over the words and language keep the audience spell-bound. His convincing disposition has brought unity amongst the citizens of the country. I wanted all his one-liners and thoughts to reach people worldwide so they also know the power of attitude and positivity. I wish and pray for all his endeavours to take shape and my motherland prosper every way!

Book Modi   Comman Man s PM

Download or read book Modi Comman Man s PM written by Kishor Makwana and published by Prabhat Prakashan. This book was released on 2021-01-01 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a worth-reading, prolific and insightful life-sketch of the torch-bearer of Indians. It is about common man’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi who has become a ray of hope for 125 crore Indians—from a humble farmer to an ambitious industrialist—having taken the route to good governance after being sworn as India's Prime Minister in May 2014. The game-changer of Indian politics, Modi had taken the mesmeric hold over Gujarat masses with three consecutive victories in the state assembly elections and was a senior campaign adviser drawing unprecedented crowds for Lok Sabha 2014 elections. After getting elected PM, Modi is often echoed in 24x7 Breaking News on media channels and enjoys good rapport with the top world leaders whom he visited during his six months of Prime Minister-ship. The insightful leader led India at the India-ASEAN Summit, G-20 Summit and had bilateral meetings with the leadership of countries like US, Japan, China and other neighbouring countries of India. He has launched new avenues of cooperation with the countries with which India has deep historical and cultural ties over centuries. His initiatives like 'Make in India' and 'Swachchha Bharat Abhiyan' have been widely lauded. Modi has called for innovative effort to make renewable energy, especially solar energy, competitive with conventional energy and pitched for global cooperation on repatriation of black money.

Book Educated India

    Book Details:
  • Author : Narendra Modi
  • Publisher : Prabhat Prakashan
  • Release : 2021-01-19
  • ISBN :
  • Pages : 19 pages

Download or read book Educated India written by Narendra Modi and published by Prabhat Prakashan. This book was released on 2021-01-19 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Embark on a journey of educational reform and national development with "Educated India" by Narendra Modi, a visionary exploration of the transformative power of education in shaping the future of India. Join Modi as he shares his insights, experiences, and strategies for building a brighter and more prosperous nation through the power of knowledge and learning. Experience the inspiring vision of "Educated India" as Modi charts a course towards a future where every child has access to quality education and the opportunity to fulfill their potential. From expanding access to schools and universities to promoting innovation and entrepreneurship, Modi outlines a comprehensive agenda for harnessing the talents and energies of India's youth to drive economic growth and social progress. With its blend of personal anecdotes, policy prescriptions, and visionary aspirations, "Educated India" offers readers a compelling roadmap for transforming India's educational landscape and unlocking the nation's full potential. Modi's passionate commitment to education as a driver of social change and economic development shines through on every page, inspiring readers to join him in the quest to build a brighter future for all. Since its publication, "Educated India" has been hailed as a landmark manifesto for educational reform, praised for its clarity of vision, boldness of ambition, and practicality of approach. Modi's unwavering dedication to empowering India's youth through education has resonated with readers across the country, sparking a national conversation about the importance of investing in human capital as the key to India's success in the 21st century. As you delve into the pages of "Educated India," you'll find yourself inspired by Modi's vision for a nation where every child has the opportunity to learn, grow, and succeed. From improving the quality of teaching to harnessing the potential of digital technology, Modi outlines a comprehensive strategy for building an educational system that prepares India's youth for the challenges and opportunities of the future. In conclusion, "Educated India" is a powerful call to action for building a nation where education is not just a privilege but a fundamental human right. Whether you're a student, a teacher, a policymaker, or simply a concerned citizen, this book offers valuable insights and inspiration for creating a brighter future for India and its people. Don't miss your chance to join Narendra Modi on the journey towards an "Educated India." Grab your copy now and be a part of the movement to transform India's educational landscape and unlock the nation's full potential.

Book Modi and the Reinvention of Indian Foreign Policy

Download or read book Modi and the Reinvention of Indian Foreign Policy written by Hall, Ian and published by Bristol University Press. This book was released on 2019-09-25 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Narendra Modi’s energetic personal diplomacy and promise to make India a ‘leading power’ surprised many analysts. Most had predicted that his government would concentrate on domestic issues, on the growth and development demanded by Indian voters, and that he lacked necessary experience in international relations. Instead, Modi’s first term saw a concerted attempt to reinvent Indian foreign policy by replacing inherited understandings of its place in the world with one drawn largely from Hindu nationalist ideology. Following Modi’s re-election in 2019, this book explores the drivers of this reinvention, arguing it arose from a combination of elite conviction and electoral calculation, and the impact it has had on India’s international relations.

Book The Politics of India under Modi

Download or read book The Politics of India under Modi written by Vikash Yadav and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2023-07-18 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the right-wing, Hindu-nationalist government of Narendra Modi’s Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) came to power at the national level in 2014, and with its consolidation of power in the 2019 general election, India has witnessed a significant realignment of its national politics and a shift toward the right of the political spectrum. The Politics of India under Modi provides a detailed overview of India’s political trends, economic prospects, and international relations in the twenty-first century. This book is designed as a supplement and update for existing syllabi that trace India’s political economy from the birth of the republic to the quest for economic liberalization and great power status. Undergraduates and scholars interested in India’s foreign policy and political reform will find value in this timely book. “The subject of this book is extremely compelling and important, as well as timely. BJP rule and the Modi regime, it is now clear, represent some critical turning points in Indian politics, which have yet to be analyzed in depth academically by experts. I see this book as a key first step in this process.” -Rina Verma Williams, School of Public and International Affairs at the University of Cincinnati

Book Modi   20

    Book Details:
  • Author : Bluekraft Digital Foundation
  • Publisher : Rupa Publication
  • Release : 2020-04
  • ISBN : 9789355203632
  • Pages : 458 pages

Download or read book Modi 20 written by Bluekraft Digital Foundation and published by Rupa Publication. This book was released on 2020-04 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rise of Narendra Modi is a watershed moment in Indian politics. In fact, such is the magnitude of his influence on the country that India's governance paradigm and political history can be easily divided into two distinct eras-pre-Modi and post-Modi. Modi became the chief minister of the Indian state of Gujarat in 2001. He was undefeated in all subsequent elections and became the state's longest serving chief minister. While Modi strode Gujarat like a colossus, propelling multi-dimensional progress, bigger responsibilities beckoned. Modi's exemplary success in Gujarat, paved the way for him to be popularly elected India's prime minister in an overwhelming victory in 2014. He is a prime minister unlike anyone earlier, both in terms of appeal and body of work. As a result, in 2019, he was re-elected with an even bigger mandate. His appeal is the result of his work in many domains over a long social, political and administrative career. Modi's impact is not restricted to India alone, and numerous national and international polls regularly declare that he is the most popular international leader. In 2021, Modi completed twenty continuous years as the head of a government. This book, a compilation of chapters authored by eminent intellectuals and domain experts, attempts a definitive and expansive exploration into the fundamental transformation of Gujarat and India over the last twenty years due to Modi's unique model of governance.

Book India  The Modi Factor

Download or read book India The Modi Factor written by Ugo Tramballi and published by Ledizioni. This book was released on 2018-03-06 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Narendra Modi was elected Prime Minister of India in 2014, he promised to push through key reforms and bring about the massive economic development needed for the “world’s largest democracy” to win its place among global superpowers. With over 1.3 billion citizens, India is soon to become the world’s most populous country, and more than one quarter of the people joining global workforce during the next decade will be Indian. The poorest of the world’s 20 largest economies, India’s potential for catch-up growth is enormous. And so are the limits and contradictions India must overcome for Modi’s vision to gain momentum. What has his government achieved so far? How likely is Modi’s “Minimum government, maximum governance” strategy to deliver the expected outcomes? Is India, often described as a “reluctant superpower”, now closer to becoming a regional leader? In a crucial year for local elections, and with the Prime Minister ready to run for a second term in 2019, this volume investigates the economic, political and diplomatic trajectories of Modi’s India in its quest for a global role.

Book Modi Demystified

Download or read book Modi Demystified written by Ramesh Menon and published by Harper Collins. This book was released on 2014-12-01 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 3,00,000 km. 5,200 events. 10 million volunteers. 814 million voters. 282 seats. The 2014 elections will be remembered for a campaign that captured the public imagination as never before. At its heart was Narendra Modi, 63, the feisty chief minister of Gujarat for thirteen years, bidding to be prime minister. By the end of the campaign, there was scarcely anyone who had not--on television, radio, social media or at one of his rallies--heard his message. He too seemed to have grown from a regional satrap to a leader with a national stature. Long before the results were out, the outcome seemed a foregone conclusion. Behind the ascent to prime minister, though, is a story of tough politics and hard strategy. In spite of his achievements, minorities are wary of his Hindu nationalist background, and bureaucrats and party colleagues are jittery about his reputation as an autocrat. Most of all, he has never fully been able to exorcize the ghosts of the riots that took place on his watch in Gujarat in 2002, leading to doubts among his critics about how India's social fabric will fare during his term. As he gets down to write a fresh chapter in the country's history, Modi Demystified: The Making of a Prime Minister takes a close-up look at his rollercoaster ride to power. In the process, senior journalist Ramesh Menon reveals a man of many dimensions who will lead this diverse nation.

Book Ideology and Identity

Download or read book Ideology and Identity written by Pradeep K. Chhibber and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-08-24 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indian party politics, commonly viewed as chaotic, clientelistic, and corrupt, is nevertheless a model for deepening democracy and accommodating diversity. Historically, though, observers have argued that Indian politics is non-ideological in nature. In contrast, Pradeep Chhibber and Rahul Verma contend that the Western European paradigm of "ideology" is not applicable to many contemporary multiethnic countries. In these more diverse states, the most important ideological debates center on statism-the extent to which the state should dominate and regulate society-and recognition-whether and how the state should accommodate various marginalized groups and protect minority rights from majorities. Using survey data from the Indian National Election Studies and evidence from the Constituent Assembly debates, they show how education, the media, and religious practice transmit the competing ideas that lie at the heart of ideological debates in India.