Download or read book Modernization of African Food Retailing and un healthy Food Consumption written by Makaiko G. Khonje and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food environments in Africa are changing rapidly, with modern retailers - such as supermarkets, hypermarkets, and fast-food restaurants - gaining in importance. Changing food environments can influence consumer food choices and dietary patterns. Recent research suggested that the growth of supermarkets leads to more consumption of processed foods, less healthy diets, and rising obesity. However, the use of modern retailers may differ by socioeconomic status, which was hardly considered in previous work. Furthermore, existing studies on nutrition effects focused mainly on the role of supermarkets, although most consumers obtain their food from various sources. We add to this research direction by examining more explicitly the relationships between socioeconomic status, use of different modern and traditional retailers, and dietary patterns. The analysis uses household survey data from urban Zambia. Results show that twothirds of the households use modern and traditional retailers simultaneously, whereby richer households are more likely than poorer households to use supermarkets and hypermarkets. Use of modern retailers is positively associated with higher consumption of ultra-processed foods, also after controlling for income and other socioeconomic factors. However, the use of traditional grocery stores and kiosks is also positively associated with the consumption of ultra-processed foods, suggesting that modern retailers are not the only drivers of dietary transitions.
Download or read book The African Food Environments written by Amos Laar and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-09-05 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In many respects, the continent of Africa is in transition. Prominent among them – currently – is the nutrition transition. One consequence of the nutrition transition is the increase in prevalence of nutrition-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers. Although NCDs are a global public health problem, the rate of increase in NCDs morbidity and mortality in some African countries is staggering. This surge has been linked to modifiable environmental factors – factors that facilitate the consumption of obesogenic (energy-dense nutrient-poor foods), rather than unrefined cereals, fruits, and vegetables. It has long been recognized that the physical and social environments - in which people live, work, and eat are critical determinants of their health. More recently, there has been a greater focus on the food environment as a key determinant of health. Available evidence shows that unhealthy food environments drive unhealthy diets; and unhealthy diet is one of four main risk factors for NCDs.
Download or read book Assessment of retail food environments and green spaces for healthy cities written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2022-06-22 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Developing and maintaining healthy retail food environments and green spaces isof the utmost and pressing importance in urban centres. To this end, it is crucial to provide cities with tools to assess the availability, accessibility and use of food outlets and green spaces that facilitate healthy eating and living for urban dwellers. Existing tools to assess food and green environments have been developed and used mainly in high-income countries. This study shows that these tools can and should be adapted to low- and middle-income country settings. This study shows that small neighbourhood food shops are important for household food security, in particular for low- to middle-income households. At the same time, the study shows that consumers are disproportionately exposed to ultra-processed foods (UPFs) in these shops. The policy implication of this finding is that small neighbourhood shops must be incentivized to stock and sell greater amounts of fresh and minimally processed foods to make it easier for low- to middle-income households to adopt healthy diets.
Download or read book Global Food Systems Diets and Nutrition written by Jessica Fanzo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-05 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ensuring optimal diets and nutrition for the global population is a grand challenge fraught with many contentious issues. To achieve food security for all and protect health, we need functional, equitable, and sustainable food systems. Food systems are highly complex networks of individuals and institutions that depend on governance and policy leadership. This book explains how interconnected food systems and policies affect diets and nutrition in high-, middle-, and low-income countries. In tandem with food policy, food systems determine the availability, affordability, and nutritional quality of the food supply, which influences the diets that people are willing and able to consume. Readers will become familiar with both domestic and international food policy processes and actors, and they will be able to critically analyze and debate how policy and science affect diet and nutrition outcomes.
Download or read book Food for All written by Uma Lele and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-10-19 with total page 1063 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a historical review of international food and agriculture since the founding of the international organizations following the Second World War, including the World Bank and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Food Programme (WFP) and into the 1970s, when CGIAR was established and the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) was created to recycle petrodollars. Despite numerous international consultations and an increased number of actors, there has been no real growth in international assistance, except for the work of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The book concurrently focuses on the structural transformation of developing countries in Asia and Africa, with some making great strides in small farmer development and in achieving structural transformation of their economies. Some have also achieved Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG2, but most have not. Not only are some countries, particularly in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, lagging behind, but they face new challenges of climate change, competition from emerging countries, population pressure, urbanization, environmental decay, and dietary transition. Lagging developing countries need huge investments in human capital, and physical and institutional infrastructure, to take advantage of rapid change in technologies, but the role of international assistance in financial transfers has diminished. The COVID-19 pandemic has not only set many poorer countries back but starkly revealed the weaknesses of past strategies. Transformative changes are needed in developing countries with international cooperation to achieve better outcomes. Will change in the United States bring new opportunities for multilateral cooperation?"--
Download or read book Advanced Research in Technologies Information Innovation and Sustainability written by Teresa Guarda and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2024-01-02 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The three-volume set CCIS 1935, 1936 and 1937 constitutes the refereed post-conference proceedings of the Third International Conference, ARTIIS 2023, Madrid, Spain, October 18–20, 2023, Proceedings. The 98 revised full papers presented in these proceedings were carefully reviewed and selected from 297 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: Part I: Computing Solutions, Data Intelligence Part II: Sustainability, Ethics, Security, and Privacy Part III: Applications of Computational Mathematics to Simulation and Data Analysis (ACMaSDA 2023), Challenges and the Impact of Communication and Information Technologies on Education (CICITE 2023), Workshop on Gamification Application and Technologies (GAT 2023), Bridging Knowledge in a Fragmented World (glossaLAB 2023), Intelligent Systems for Health and Medical Care (ISHMC 2023), Intelligent Systems for Health and Medical Care (ISHMC 2023), Intelligent Systems in Forensic Engineering (ISIFE 2023), International Symposium on Technological Innovations for Industry and Soci-ety (ISTIIS 2023), International Workshop on Electronic and Telecommunications (IWET 2023), Innovation in Educational Technology (JIUTE 2023), Smart Tourism and Information Systems (SMARTTIS 2023).
Download or read book The Impact of the Rise of Supermarkets on Household Urban Food Security written by Alexandra Therien and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the course of the last decade, food security in sub-Saharan Africa has risen to the top of the international development agenda. Concerns of food insecurity in sub-Saharan African have heightened in the context of rapid urbanization. Since the 1990s, supermarkets have been expanding rapidly throughout Southern and Eastern Africa. More recently, supermarkets have spread to Western Africa, including Ghana. This rise in supermarkets, often referred to as the "supermarket revolution", is contributing to food supply systems changes in sub-Saharan Africa and is beginning to transform how urban consumers obtain sustenance. Although the expansion of supermarkets has been well documented, and many agree that this represents an important player in the urban food supply system, what the future food retail landscape will look like and how this will affect urban food security is not fully understood. This leads many scholars to question the ways in which the modernization of the food retail landscape may affect urban food security. This thesis reviews the current state of knowledge about the growth of supermarkets and its impact on urban food security. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the literature exploring how the growth of supermarkets is shaping food systems and in turn urban food security in Western Africa. More specifically, the objectives of this research are: (1) to provide a description of food retail shopping behavior and determine what factors contribute to food retail outlet choice; (2) to evaluate how supermarkets have affected access to food and analyze potential differences according to various socioeconomic groups; and (3) to analyze the dietary changes associated to patronizing supermarkets. This thesis presents and analyses the significance of findings from data collected in 2015 in Accra, Ghana. Insights gathered through household surveys (126), focus groups (3) and expert interviews (2) illustrate that, although traditional food retailers remain the major source of food, more people, particularly wealthier, more educated households living within close proximity of supermarkets, are purchasing more of their food from supermarkets. Findings from this study reveal that this may have caused modest changes in food security but that any possible changes are linked to wealth. These changes are reflected in the increased convenience, and improved access to greater quality foods, and preferred foods offered by supermarkets. In addition, households have experienced increased access to, and consumption of, processed foods mainly due to the cheaper prices, convenience and locations offered by supermarkets. This may be particularly relevant for lower-income households living within close proximity to supermarkets. These dietary changes have the potential to lead to serious diet-related health concerns such as the dual burden of undernutrition and overnutrition and obesity. Thus, further research is needed to fully understand the impact of supermarkets on urban diets.
Download or read book The Supermarket Revolution and Food Security in Namibia written by Nickanor, Ndeyapo and published by Southern African Migration Programme. This book was released on 2017-12-16 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The surprisingly high rate of supermarket patronage in low-income areas of Windhoek, Namibia’s capital and largest city, is at odds with conventional wisdom that supermarkets in African cities are primarily patronized by middle and high-income residents and therefore target their neighbourhoods. What is happening in Namibia and other Southern African countries that make supermarkets so much more accessible to the urban poor? What are they buying at supermarkets and how frequently do they shop there? Further, what is the impact of supermarket expansion on informal food vendors? This report, which presents the findings from the South African Supermarkets in Growing African Cities project research in 2016-2017 in Windhoek, looks at the evidence and tries to answer these questions and others. The research and policy debate on the relationship between the supermarket revolution and food security is also discussed. Here, the issues include whether supermarket supply chains and procurement practices mitigate rural food insecurity through providing new market opportunities for smallholder farmers; the impact of supermarkets on the food security and consumption patterns of residents of African cities; and the relationship between supermarket expansion and governance of the food system, particularly at the local level.
Download or read book Understanding the demand for protective foods in East Africa An economic analysis with policy recommendations written by Headey, Derek D. and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2021-07-29 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Suboptimal diets are a major risk factor for avoidable death and disease in low- and middle-income countries. Evidence shows that some foods or food components (e.g., processed red meat, saturated fat, salt, sugar) significantly elevate the risk of noncommunicable diseases and mortality, while others protect health (e.g., vegetables, fruits, pulses, nuts/seeds, fish, whole grains—referred to in this document as “protective foods”). We used household surveys to compare dietary patterns in Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda to the EAT-Lancet healthy reference diet and to quantify and explain consumption gaps for nutritious foods. Compared to the EAT-Lancet healthy reference diet, consumption gaps for pulses and nuts/seeds, vegetables, and fruits are large for both poor and rich consumers in rural and urban areas in the four countries studied, while consumption gaps for meat, fish, and eggs and dairy foods are much larger for lower income groups. Food expenditures of most households in these four countries are far too low to allow consumption of the healthy reference diet; animal-source foods and vegetables are the largest cost components of food expenditures, although quantities consumed of both food groups are much lower than the EAT-Lancet healthy reference diet. Income elasticities of demand for pulses and nuts/seeds and vegetables are often low or moderate, suggesting weak consumer preference for these foods, while income elasticities for fruits and animal-source foods are relatively high. Income growth alone will not solve dietary problems in East Africa; in addition to supply-side interventions to improve affordability, special interventions are required to increase consumer demand for underappreciated protective (nutritious) foods such as pulses and nuts/seeds and vegetables.
Download or read book The State of Agricultural Commodity Markets 2020 written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2020-09-23 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The State of Agricultural Commodity Markets 2020 (SOCO 2020) aims to discuss policies and mechanisms that promote sustainable outcomes – economic, social and environmental – in agricultural and food markets, both global and domestic. The analysis is organized along the trends and challenges that lie at the heart of global discussions on trade and development. These include the evolution of trade and markets; the emergence of global value chains in food and agriculture; the extent to which smallholder farmers in developing countries participate in value chains and markets; and the transformative impacts of digital technology on markets. Along these themes, SOCO 2020 discusses policies and institutions that can promote inclusive economic growth and also harness markets to contribute towards the realization of the 2030 Agenda and its Sustainable Development Goals.
Download or read book Routledge Handbook of Sustainable Diets written by Kathleen Kevany and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-12-30 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook presents a must-read, comprehensive and state of the art overview of sustainable diets, an issue critical to the environment and the health and well-being of society. Sustainable diets seek to minimise and mitigate the significant negative impact food production has on the environment. Simultaneously they aim to address worrying health trends in food consumption through the promotion of healthy diets that reduce premature disability, disease and death. Within the Routledge Handbook of Sustainable Diets, creative, compassionate, critical, and collaborative solutions are called for across nations, across disciplines and sectors. In order to address these wide-ranging issues the volume is split into sections dealing with environmental strategies, health and well-being, education and public engagement, social policies and food environments, transformations and food movements, economics and trade, design and measurement mechanisms and food sovereignty. Comprising of contributions from up and coming and established academics, the handbook provides a global, multi-disciplinary assessment of sustainable diets, drawing on case studies from regions across the world. The handbook concludes with a call to action, which provides readers with a comprehensive map of strategies that could dramatically increase sustainability and help to reverse global warming, diet related non-communicable diseases, and oppression and racism. This decisive collection is essential reading for students, researchers, practitioners, and policymakers concerned with promoting sustainable diets and thus establishing a sustainable food system to ensure access to healthy and nutritious food for all.
Download or read book Stepping up Everyone around the table for better nutrition and healthy diets written by LeBlanc, C., Kissick, C., Keats, S. and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2021-08-16 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first of three background papers produced to inform the series of three virtual roundtables entitled ‘Stepping up: Everyone Around the Table for Better Nutrition and Sustainable Healthy Diets: FAO/GAIN Roundtables with the Private Sector on Healthy Diets’ which took place in July-2020. These papers and roundtables are intended to highlight current understandings, gaps and misconceptions about engaging with businesses in the food system. Together with all stakeholders we hope to identify paths leading to healthy diets for everyone, everywhere. STEP 1 (this paper) unpacks the role of the private sector, especially of SMEs, in sustainably nourishing the world. It reinforces the growing consensus that food systems, and the SME activities within them, must be transformed by stakeholders from all sectors.
Download or read book Supermarket Availability Fast Food Restaurant Proximity Black Television Viewing as Predictors of Unhealthy Food Consumption Among African American College Students written by Margaret M. White and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The African Food System and Its Interaction with Human Health and Nutrition written by Per Pinstrup-Andersen and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hunger, malnutrition, poor health, and deficient food systems are widespread in Sub-Saharan Africa. While much is known about African food systems and about African health and nutrition, our understanding of the interaction between food systems and health and nutrition is deficient. Moreover, the potential health gains from changes in the food system are frequently overlooked in policy design and implementation.The authors of The African Food System and its Interactions with Human Health and Nutrition examine how public policy and research aimed at the food system and its interaction with human health and nutrition can improve the well-being of Africans and help achieve the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Several of the MDGs focus on health-related challenges: hunger alleviation; maternal, infant, and child mortality; the control of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, and malaria; and the provision of safe water and improved sanitation. These challenges are intensified by problems of low agricultural and food system productivity, gender inequity, lack of basic infrastructure, and environmental degradation, all of which have direct and indirect detrimental effects on health, nutrition, and the food system.Reflecting the complexity and multidisciplinary nature of these problems and their solutions, this book features contributions by world-renowned experts in economics, agriculture, health, nutrition, food science, and demography. Contributors: Harold Alderman, World Bank; Christopher B. Barrett, Cornell University; Kathryn J. Boor, Cornell University; Laura K. Cramer, Cornell University; Stuart Gillespie, International Food Policy Research Institute; Anna Herforth, Cornell University; Dorothy Nakimbugwe, Makerere University; Rebecca Nelson, Cornell University, Onesmo K. ole-MoiYoi, Kenyatta University and Kenya Agricultural Research Institute; Per Pinstrup-Andersen, Cornell University and the University of Copenhagen; Marie T. Ruel, International Food Policy Research Institute; David E. Sahn, Cornell University; Barbara Boyle Torrey, Population Reference Bureau; E. Fuller Torrey, Stanley Medical Research Institute; Joachim von Braun, University of Bonn; Speciosa Wandira, Concave International; Derrill D. Watson, Cornell University
Download or read book Consumer choices and demand for tilapia in urban Malawi What are the complementarities and trade offs written by Chikowi, Christopher T. M. and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-01-09 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite concerted efforts to develop the fisheries sector in many developing countries, fish demand remains poorly understood due to weak and fragmented domestic markets, particularly in Africa south of the Sahara. An important area that affects the development of the fishery sector is limited understanding of how the choice between different fish products is affected by the socioeconomic characteristics of consumers, marketing factors and fish-specific attributes. Previous studies in Malawi have assessed consumer choice and demand for fish in general, without considering species-specific consumer choices. This paper analyzes consumer choices and demand for two species of tilapia, Lake Malawi Oreochromis (Nyasalapia) spp. (Ny) and Oreochromis shiranus (Os), in unprocessed and processed form, in urban Malawi. We use data collected from a sample of 584 urban households in Malawi’s two major cities, Blantyre and Lilongwe. Multivariate probit and seemingly unrelated regression models are employed to analyze the correlates of consumer choice and demand for tilapia products. Even though most consumers chose farmed tilapia (Os) over the wild tilapia (Ny), our results indicate trade-offs in choice but complementarities in demand for unprocessed and processed tilapia products. We find that the correlates of choice are not the same as correlates of demand for tilapia products. This is explained by heterogenous consumer profiles, market conditions, and tilapia trait descriptors. Developing robust tilapia value chains requires exploiting these complementarities and trade-offs, policy support to boost tilapia production, and reducing its relative caloric price to consumers. These measures will contribute to increased consumer demand. More generally fish breeding programs should also link breeding objectives to consumer choices and demand for fisheries’ products, particularly considering rarely examined fish at-tributes such as its nutritive value and body texture.
Download or read book Food system transformation in Mozambique An assessment of changing diet quality in the context of a rising middle class written by Smart, Jenny and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2018-11-15 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Robust income growth combined with the highest urban population growth in the world is driving rapid changes in the food system of Sub-Saharan Africa. Demand is increasing for higher quality foods, including fresh produce, meat and dairy products as well as more processed foods, with poorer nutritional value. The overweight and obesity epidemic that first began among developed nations is also threatening the expanding middle classes within developing countries, leading to a double burden of over and under nourished populations. As rapidly expanding towns and cities proliferate across Sub-Saharan Africa, urban areas can also become deserts for fresh or less-processed nutritious foods. Urban farming has been one way that the food desert challenge in urban areas is ameliorated, and in Mozambique, even in the largest city center of Maputo, one in ten households owns their own farm land. In the context of rapid urbanization and income growth in Mozambique, this paper finds that both growing incomes and the consumption of processed foods are associated with a worsening of negative factors in the diet. Furthermore, urbanization, controlling for income, is associated more strongly with a worsening of negative factors than with an improvement in positive factors in the diet. However, the effect on nutrition of owning one’s own farm, controlling for the share of others in the household’s area that have a farm, is positive and significant for urban households, primarily driven by these households purchasing fewer unhealthy foods. These findings have important implications concerning the role of urban farming for improving dietary quality.
Download or read book The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2020 written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2020-07-01 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Updates for many countries have made it possible to estimate hunger in the world with greater accuracy this year. In particular, newly accessible data enabled the revision of the entire series of undernourishment estimates for China back to 2000, resulting in a substantial downward shift of the series of the number of undernourished in the world. Nevertheless, the revision confirms the trend reported in past editions: the number of people affected by hunger globally has been slowly on the rise since 2014. The report also shows that the burden of malnutrition in all its forms continues to be a challenge. There has been some progress for child stunting, low birthweight and exclusive breastfeeding, but at a pace that is still too slow. Childhood overweight is not improving and adult obesity is on the rise in all regions. The report complements the usual assessment of food security and nutrition with projections of what the world may look like in 2030, if trends of the last decade continue. Projections show that the world is not on track to achieve Zero Hunger by 2030 and, despite some progress, most indicators are also not on track to meet global nutrition targets. The food security and nutritional status of the most vulnerable population groups is likely to deteriorate further due to the health and socio economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. The report puts a spotlight on diet quality as a critical link between food security and nutrition. Meeting SDG 2 targets will only be possible if people have enough food to eat and if what they are eating is nutritious and affordable. The report also introduces new analysis of the cost and affordability of healthy diets around the world, by region and in different development contexts. It presents valuations of the health and climate-change costs associated with current food consumption patterns, as well as the potential cost savings if food consumption patterns were to shift towards healthy diets that include sustainability considerations. The report then concludes with a discussion of the policies and strategies to transform food systems to ensure affordable healthy diets, as part of the required efforts to end both hunger and all forms of malnutrition.
