Download or read book Production System Models of Learning and Development written by David Klahr and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1987 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive psychologists have found the production systems class of computer simulation models to be one of the most direct ways to cast complex theories of human intelligence. There have been many scattered studies on production systems since they were first proposed as computational models of human problem-solving behavior by Allen Newell some twenty years ago, but this is the first book to focus exclusively on these important models of human cognition, collecting and giving many of the best examples of current research. In the first chapter, Robert Neches, Pat Langley, and David Klahr provide an overview of the fundamental issues involved in using production systems as a medium for theorizing about cognitive processes, emphasizing their theoretical power. The remaining chapters take up learning by doing and learning by understanding, discrimination learning, learning through incremental refinement, learning by chunking, procedural earning, and learning by composition. A model of cognitive development called BAIRN is described, and a final chapter reviews John Anderson's ACT theory and discusses how it can be used in intelligent tutoring systems, including one that teaches LISP programming skills. In addition to the editors, the contributors are Yuichiro Anzai (Hokkaido University, Japan), Paul Rosenbloom (Stanford) and Allen Newell (Carnegie-Mellon), Stellan Ohlsson (University of Pittsburgh), Clayton Lewis (University of Colorado, Boulder), Iain Wallace and Kevin Bluff (Deakon University, Australia), and John Anderson (Carnegie-Mellon). David Klahr is Professor and Head of the Department of Psychology at Carnegie-Mellon University. Pat Langley is Associate Professor, Department ofInformation and Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, and Robert Neches is Research Computer Scientist at University of Southern California Information Sciences Institute. "Production System Models of Learning and Development" is included in the series Computational Models of Cognition and Perception, edited by Jerome A. Feldman, Patrick J. Hayes, and David E.Rumelhart. A Bradford Book.

Download or read book An Introduction to Theories of Human Development written by Neil J Salkind and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2004-01-22 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The book is well written and the theorists and their respective work are well-presented and clearly explained. . . . As a text dealing with the historical overview of major theorists and their work in human development over the last century or so, it is extremely strong and could be widely used in a variety of both undergraduate and graduate courses." —Ann C. Diver-Stamnes, Humboldt State University "In general, I found the websites and references listed at the end of each chapter to be very interesting and useful for taking students beyond what is in the text." —Jane Ledingham, University of Ottawa "A fine choice for a classic theories course, and I believe that the level of presentation would be appropriate for advanced undergraduate or graduate students. . . . The up-to-date web sites at the end of each section are a definite plus. The choice of sites is excellent." —Cosby Steele Rogers, Virginia Tech An Introduction to Theories of Human Development examines the development process, looking at the series of changes that occur as a result of an interaction between biological and environmental factors. Why might our behavior as an adult be so different from when we were infants? Why and how does one stage of development follow the next? Are the changes that we experience abrupt in nature or smooth and predictable? Author Neil J. Salkind reflects on such critical questions to help readers understand what happens along the way as one develops from infancy through later life. This book provides a comprehensive view of the primary theoretical models of human development including those from the biological, psychoanalytic, behavioral, and cognitive developmental perspectives. Along with a brief discussion of a historical background for each of these approaches, An Introduction to Theories of Human Development examines the application of these theories to various aspects of human development, such as the effectiveness of early intervention, individual differences, adolescence, and sociobiology. Features of this text: A final, integrative chapter compares the various theories presented in the book using Murry Sidman′s model of six criteria for judging a theory to help develop students′ skills for critically assessing theory. Classic approaches to understanding human behavior across the lifespan are also examined. Pedagogical features such as chapter opening quotes, boxed highlights, key terms, a glossary, and websites for further reading enhance student understanding of everyday human behavior. An Introduction to Theories of Human Development is an accessible text for advanced undergraduate students in the social and behavioral sciences including such fields as psychology, education, human services, nursing, sociology, social welfare, and human development and family studies.

Download or read book Development Models Globalization and Economies written by John B. Kidd and published by Springer. This book was released on 2005-01-31 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text considers different economic models available in the global market. The US or Anglo-Saxon model is often portrayed as the best but now Asia is again on a roll. The book analyzes how these models have influenced both regional and global development, and engages in discussions upon alternatives and the search for the 'grail'.

Download or read book Socialist Models of Development written by Charles K. Wilber and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Socialist Models of Development covers the theories and principles in socialism development. This book discusses the social evolution of different countries and the historical backgrounds that influence such evolution. The opening sections deal with the socialism and economic appraisal of Burma, Iraq, Syria, Tanzania, and Africa. These topics are followed by discussions of the prospects and problems of the transition from Agrarianism to Socialism of some countries, including Angola, Guinea-Bissau, and Mozambique. Other sections examine the Socialist Cuba and the intermediate regimes of Jamaica and Guyana. The North Korean model of socialism, a comparative study of Romanian socialism and Greece capitalism, as well as a socialist model of economic development of the Polish and Bulgarian are presented. The concluding sections are devoted to the role of management in socialist development and to the agricultural productivity under socialism. The book can provide useful information to sociologists, political analysts, students, and researchers.

Download or read book Theories and Practices of Development written by Katie Willis and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the twentieth century, governments sought to achieve 'development' not only in their own countries, but also in other regions of the world; particularly in Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean. This focus on 'development' as a goal has continued into the twenty-first century, for example through the United Nations Millennium Development Targets. While development is often viewed as something very positive, it is also very important to consider the possible detrimental effects it may have on the natural environment, different social groups and on the cohesion and stability of societies. In this important book, Katie Willis investigates and places in a historical context, the development theories behind contemporary debates such as globalization and transnationalism. The main definitions of 'development' and 'development theory' are outlined with a description and explanation of how approaches have changed over time. The differing explanations of inequalities in development, both spatially and socially, and the reasoning behind different development policies are also considered. By drawing on pre-twentieth century European development theories and examining current policies in Europe and the USA, the book not only stresses commonalities in development theorizing over time and space, but also the importance of context in theory construction. This topical book provides an ideal introduction to development theories for students in geography, development studies, area studies, anthropology and sociology. It contains student-friendly features, including boxed case studies with examples, definitions, summary sections, suggestions for further reading, discussion questions and website information.

Download or read book Models of Professional Development written by Bruce Joyce and published by Corwin Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive resource examines five major models of professional development and how they can be implemented and tailored to meet the multifaceted needs of any school or district.

Download or read book Group Based Modeling of Development written by Daniel S. Nagin and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-01 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a systematic exposition of a group-based statistical method for analyzing longitudinal data in the social and behavioral sciences and in medicine. The methods can be applied to a wide range of data, such as that describing the progression of delinquency and criminality over the life course, changes in income over time, the course of a disease or physiological condition, or the evolution of the socioeconomic status of communities. Using real-world research data from longitudinal studies, the book explains and applies this method for identifying distinctive time-based progressions called developmental trajectories. Rather than assuming the existence of developmental trajectories of a specific form before statistical data analysis begins, the method allows the trajectories to emerge from the data itself. Thus, in an analysis of data on Montreal school children, it teases apart four distinct trajectories of physical aggression over the ages 6 to 15, examines predictors of these trajectories, and identifies events that may alter the trajectories. Aimed at consumers of statistical methodology, including social scientists, criminologists, psychologists, and medical researchers, the book presents the statistical theory underlying the method with a mixture of intuition and technical development.

Download or read book Models in Environmental Regulatory Decision Making written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-08-25 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many regulations issued by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) are based on the results of computer models. Models help EPA explain environmental phenomena in settings where direct observations are limited or unavailable, and anticipate the effects of agency policies on the environment, human health and the economy. Given the critical role played by models, the EPA asked the National Research Council to assess scientific issues related to the agency's selection and use of models in its decisions. The book recommends a series of guidelines and principles for improving agency models and decision-making processes. The centerpiece of the book's recommended vision is a life-cycle approach to model evaluation which includes peer review, corroboration of results, and other activities. This will enhance the agency's ability to respond to requirements from a 2001 law on information quality and improve policy development and implementation.

Download or read book Development Policy and Planning written by Anis Chowdhury and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2003-09-02 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reorientation from economic controls to a market-based approach led to significant changes in the economic policy of developing countries in the 1980s. Yet, with governments continuing to exercise economic management to accelerate growth beyond that achieved by market forces, techniques and models of development planning are still an integral feature of development policy management. Development Policy and Planning provides a non-technical explanation of the main techniques and models used for economic policy formulation. Each technique is illustrated in application through practical examples.

Download or read book Chinese Models of Development written by Tse-Kang Leng and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2014-11-20 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discussion of the “Chinese Model” abounds with the rise of China. This volume analyzes the Chinese case in a theoretical framework, provides an evolutionary perspective, and compares it with other models of development. Instead of focusing on one specific case, the book's contributors shed light on the application of theories of international relations, comparative politics, and development studies to the topic under deliberation. This book reflects that the “uniqueness” of the Chinese model should also be put in an historical and evolutionary context. It also provides insights into comparisons with other models of development, such as the East Asian model and experiences of the former Soviet Union. The authors in the book argue that while globalization constrains state power, it may also open new windows of accommodation and adjustments. Linkages between the domestic dynamics of development and external forces of change become pertinent in understanding the Chinese models of development.

Download or read book The Psychology of Musical Development written by David Hargreaves and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-08-31 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive, up-to-date introduction to the psychology of musical development in children and adults, from theory to research and applications.

Download or read book Economy wide Models and Development Planning written by Charles R. Blitzer and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1975 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The status of planning: an overview; Models and policy: the dialogue between model builder and planner; Theoretical foundations and technical implications; Quantitative foundations and implications of planning processes; Intersectoral consistency and macroeconomic planning; The foreign trade sector in planning models; Employment and human capital formation; Planning models, shadow prices, and project evaluation; Planning for multiple goals; Interindustry planning models for a multiregional economy; Planning with economies os scale; Substitution and nonlinearities in planning models.

Download or read book The Transactional Model of Development written by Arnold J. Sameroff and published by Amer Psychological Assn. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally proposed in 1975, the transactional model has become central to our understanding of how nature and nurture interact in the development of positive and negative outcomes for children. Although scientists have long acknowledged that nature and nurture work together in producing particular developmental outcomes, such cooperation has been difficult to demonstrate because of inadequate conceptual models, experimental designs or statistical methodologies. This book documents the state-of-the-art research in developmental psychology for overcoming these inadequacies, and present new ideas for future work.

Download or read book Models of Sustainable Development written by Sylvie Faucheux and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A rigorous approach to environmental sustainability suitable for researchers and graduate students in environmental economics. Surveys a wide range of approaches to modeling sustainable development, including neo-classical, evolutionary, ecological economics, and neo-Ricardian. Examines how they deal with such fundamental issues as equity between and within generations, the very long term, the irreversibility of ecological change, uncertainty and system complexity, and processes of technological change. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Download or read book Amphibian Models of Development and Disease written by Sergei Sokol and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-06-09 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intro -- Amphibian Models of Development and Disease -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Preface -- Amphibian models: Pros and cons -- Looking ahead -- Acknowledgments -- Section I: From early development to morphogenesis and tissue patterning -- Chapter One: Building a ciliated epithelium: Transcriptional regulation and radial intercalation of multiciliated cells -- 1. Introduction -- 2. MCC specification and differentiation -- 2.1. Notch signaling controls the balance of ciliated and secretory cell fates -- 2.2. Transcriptional regulation for MCC differentiation -- 2.2.1. Upstream regulation by geminin-like proteins -- 2.2.2. Downstream activators of MCC differentiation -- 3. Radial intercalation in the Xenopus epithelium -- 3.1. The role of cytoskeletal networks during radial intercalation -- 3.1.1. Actin cytoskeleton -- 3.1.2. Microtubule cytoskeleton -- 3.1.3. Coordination of actin and MT dynamics -- 3.2. Role of small GTPases during radial intercalation -- 3.2.1. RhoA -- 3.2.2. Other Rho GTPases (Rac/Cdc42) -- 3.2.3. Rab GTPases -- 3.3. Interactions with the surrounding microenvironment (cell-ECM/cell-cell interactions) -- 3.3.1. Cell-ECM interactions -- 3.3.2. Cell-cell interactions -- 4. Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter Two: Xenopus neural tube closure: A vertebrate model linking planar cell polarity to actomyosin contractions -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Mechanisms leading to PCP -- 2.1. Assembly of core PCP complexes -- 2.2. PCP cues -- 3. PCP and actomyosin contractility -- 3.1. Rho GTPases and Myosin II in actomyosin contractility and force generation -- 3.2. Linking PCP signaling to the Rho-ROCK-Myosin II pathway -- 4. The PCP pathway in neural tube closure -- 4.1. Cell behaviors and PCP protein localization in the neural plate -- 4.2. Cross-talk between PCP protein localization and actomyosin contractility.

Download or read book Development Theory written by Peter Preston and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 1996-11-08 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this invaluable introduction to the major post-Second World War theories of Third World development, Peter Preston takes as his focus the strategies used to analyze change in the Third World and examines the ways in which different conceptions of the nature of change have led to different lines of policy advice. In doing so, the author demonstrates how the various contemporary approaches to development draw upon strategies of enquiry which are lodged deep within the intellectual traditions of the modern world. The author's approach is based on the premise that the reader can only fully grasp the live issues and debates surrounding development through an understanding of the linkages with the broader frameworks of social theory. The volume is organized into four major sections: * An introduction to the nature of social scientific analysis; * A review of the work of the major social scientific figures of the nineteenth century and their impacts in the twentieth; * A comprehensive discussion of the post-Second World War theories of Third World development; * A prospective study of the current debates within the field of development theory about global structures and agent responses. Development Theory is designed to appeal to students across a wide range of disciplines, who are taking courses dealing with aspects of development.

Download or read book Theory and Implementation of Economic Models for Sustainable Development written by J.C. van den Bergh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-06-30 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is widespread concern for long-term environmental issues in relation to economic processes and developments. Among the concerned scientists are economists, who have taken up the challenge to apply economic insights and tools for the study of long-term environment-economy interactions, and to give the concept of sustainable development 'economic hands and feet'. This book presents a pluralistic perspective on efforts, problems and successes in this area. This collection of papers was originally prepared for an international symposium titled Economic Modelling of Sustainable Development: Between Theory and Practice, which was hosted by the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam, on December 20th 1996. The main motivation for this symposium was that the usefulness of the concept of sustainable development for theoretical and applied modelling is still being debated; growth theorists, resource economists, ecological economists, policy makers and many others are trying to deal with the concept in various, and sometimes conflicting, ways. The aim of the symposium was to bring together different theoretical and implementational perspectives on modelling for sustainable development. We hope that this volume will inform a wide audience about the perspectives and progress in this important area of research, as well as stimulate further research, notably on applied modelling and practical methods for the analysis of sustainable development at various (spatial) scales. The papers have, in due course, been revised several times based on comments made by discus sants, referees and the editors.