Download or read book Models for Sarcoptic Mange in Canis Latrans written by Kimberly Dianne McGowan and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A New Niche for the Itch written by Jaime Leanne Rudd and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The San Joaquin kit fox (Vulpes macrotis mutica) is the only subspecies of kit fox endemic to California and is federally endangered. Although this small fox exhibits incredible adaptability, its geographic distribution is limited and contracting due to profound habitat destruction. Only twelve populations persist, including a unique urbanized satellite population which, until recently, thrived in the city of Bakersfield. This urban population had been considered a potential source population for reintroductions into remaining natural lands in the event of catastrophic kit fox population declines. In spring 2013, sarcoptic mange was first detected in the Bakersfield population. Preliminary data demonstrate that most or all infested kit foxes die if not treated, and therefore individual-based citywide treatment and rehabilitation are underway. Yet this individual-based approach to sarcoptic mange treatment has done little to slow the progression of disease through the population and there have been over 460 documented cases as of October 2018, demonstrating a need for a population-level intervention strategy. Therefore, the objectives of my dissertation were to: 1) determine whether sarcoptic mange in kit foxes and other sympatric canids is due to a shared vs. multiple diverse mite strains, 2) evaluate the effectiveness of a long-lasting acaricidal collar that might be used for a population-level intervention, and 3) identify additional health problems associated with mange to optimize medical management of mange-infested individuals in rehabilitation. The overarching goal was to conduct applied conservation research to inform future disease mitigation efforts. In Chapter 1, I used microsatellite genotypes of 351 Sarcoptes mites collected from kit foxes, red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris), and coyotes (Canis latrans) to determine whether a kit fox variant of Sarcoptes scabiei mite was circulating only among kit foxes or if it was shared with these other sympatric canids. Bakersfield mites from kit foxes and red foxes showed the least loci polymorphism compared to coyotes and domestic dogs from the same area. The closest genetic relationship was between Bakersfield kit fox mites and Bakersfield red fox mites (FST = 0.060). In contrast, Bakersfield kit fox mites and Bakersfield coyote mites (FST = 0.509), and Bakersfield kit fox mites and Bakersfield dog mites (FST = 0.742) were much less closely related genetically. Further, only a single private allele (frequency of 0.005) was detected in kit fox mites; otherwise they shared alleles with coyotes and domestic dogs. These results demonstrate that the Sarcoptes mites are relatively host-specific and, although a spill-over event occurred initially, the primary route of mite transmission appears to be fox-to-fox. Therefore, future planning for a citywide intervention should focus on treating kit foxes. Accordingly, in Chapter 2, I evaluated a pilot intervention strategy that could reduce mite-infestation risk by deploying long-acting acaricidal collars on at-risk kit foxes. Traditional Sarcoptes treatments last anywhere from 10 days (ivermectin) to 28 days (selamectin), but S. scabiei infested individuals can live for up to 100 days before death and remain infectious during that time. The short duration of protection from standard treatment is not a feasible means to achieve herd immunity because individuals would need to be captured and treated every month. Flumethrin collars reportedly prevent sarcoptic mange infestation for up to 8 months, which make this an appealing alternative, but there was a need to test the claims of long-term protection and the true efficacy at the population level in reducing disease risk before a citywide intervention could be planned. Therefore, I performed a 2-year field trial with 35 kit foxes to study flumethrin’s safety, longevity, and efficaciousness. All kit foxes were treated with a single dose of selamectin (6mg/kg) and then assigned to the flumethrin treatment group (n = 17) and to the control group (n = 18). A Cox Proportional Hazards model was used to compare the duration of time it took for an individual to develop mange in the treated and control groups. There was no overall significant difference in the number of days before a kit fox in the treatment group developed mange (176 days) compared to the control group (171 days). Further, most mange transmission was observed within social groups, which could have serious consequences for mange transmission and spread if the entire family group is not synchronously treated. Like numerous drugs available on the market, flumethrin showed promise as being safe, long-lasting, and efficacious. However, its extra-label use in the field was not as effective as it is for treatment of mange in domestic animals. Finally, to better understand this debilitating, multisystemic disease process, in Chapter 3, I analyzed serum biochemistry and hematology values of kit foxes with mange and compared them to healthy kit foxes. Several serum chemistry and CBC parameters in mange-infested foxes were consistent with chronic disease and inflammation, starvation, and dehydration – a similar pathogenesis that has been observed in other canids and bobcats (Lynx rufus). The alterations in blood values observed indicate that kit foxes must be properly hydrated and their protein requirement supported while antibiotics and antiparasitic medications are administered in order to improve their chance of survival in rehabilitation. This dissertation focused on various aspects of a recent sarcoptic mange outbreak in San Joaquin kit foxes living in an urban city in California. Using molecular epidemiology, I was able to show that the current transmission dynamics of sarcoptic mange and thus intervention efforts should focus on kit foxes. While flumethrin was safe, its extra-label use in the field was not as efficacious for the treatment and prevention of sarcoptic mange as it is for domestic animals. Further, these results identified various health parameters that should be addressed for mange-infested kit foxes presented for rehabilitation to increase their chances of survival during treatment. Additional studies focusing on mange transmission, novel medications, and kit fox sociology should be conducted to determine what refinements could improve individual animal protection and reduce the impacts of this disease in kit foxes.

Download or read book Anthropogenic Resource Use and Disease Dynamics in a Desert Coyote Population written by Craig Daniel Reddell and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Colonization of urban areas by synanthropic wildlife introduces novel and complex alterations to established ecological processes, with emerging infectious diseases being of paramount concern for wildlife and public health. Aggregation at anthropogenic resources can increase disease transfer among hosts and allow debilitated individuals to survive longer, with wide-ranging species potentially infecting outlying rural populations. The permanently occupied garrison at the National Training Center Fort Irwin, CA has become home to a number of coyotes (Canis latrans) infected with sarcoptic mange that also use the surrounding Mojave Desert and provides an ideal site to examine the effects of anthropogenic resources on disease dynamics. To assess the mechanisms maintaining the epizootic of mange, I captured and fitted coyotes with either GPS or VHF radio collars to compare body weights, evaluate space use by calculating home range size and spatial overlap, and evaluate the influence of anthropogenic subsidies, water sources, and prey density on urban resource selection using mixed-effects logistic regression models. I found no difference between healthy and infected individuals (n = 21) with respect to body weight and home range size but found infected individuals had considerably more spatial overlap than healthy individuals. Coyotes generally selected for urban areas, with infected residents and transients primarily selecting for anthropogenic subsidies, while use of urban resources by healthy residents was more variable. To determine the spatial extent of the epizootic beyond the garrison, I deployed remote cameras across 180 sites within the outlying region of the garrison, I used multi-state occupancy models to calculate the probability that a site was used by a coyote and the probability that mange was present at a site, based on environmental covariates. The probability a camera site was used by a coyote, regardless of infection status, decreased as either slope and distance to urban areas increased, and the probability mange was present at a camera site also decreased as distance to urban areas increased. These results suggest that infected coyotes may be meeting their nutritional requirements and aggregating at anthropogenic subsidies, which could be prolonging their lifespan and facilitating horizontal transfer of mange. Moreover, I found evidence that urban areas have a strong effect on the spatial extent of transmissible diseases and that multi-state occupancy models are an effective tool in assessing disease dynamics for observable diseases.

Download or read book Master s Theses Directories written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Education, arts and social sciences, natural and technical sciences in the United States and Canada".

Download or read book Veterinary Parasitology written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cumulated Index Medicus written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 1480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Zoological Record written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 854 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Zoological Record is published annually in separate sections. The first of these is Comprehensive Zoology, followed by sections recording a year's literature relating to a Phylum or Class of the Animal Kingdom. The final section contains the new genera and subgenera indexed in the volume." Each section of a volume lists the sections of that volume.

Download or read book Foxes Wolves Jackals and Dogs written by Joshua Ross Ginsberg and published by IUCN. This book was released on 1990 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Wildlife Review written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Coyotes in the Southwest written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Canine Parasites and Parasitic Diseases written by Seppo Saari and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-11-07 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Canine Parasites and Parasitic Diseases offers a concise summary, including the distribution, epidemiology, lifecycle, morphology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, prophylaxis and therapeutic measures on the most important parasites affecting dogs. The book includes their classification, structure, lifecycles, occurrence, and the diagnosis and treatment of infestations. Chapters are presented in a consistent and logical format with extensive use of tables, photographs and line drawings that help veterinarians and students quickly find answers to questions. The book informs on 100 different species of parasite related to the canine world and is is aimed not only at veterinary practitioners but also in dog enthusiasts, pharmacies and laboratories. - Fully illustrated with high-quality figures and illustrations - Provides insights on the risk factors and prevention of parasite infections in dogs and gives guidelines for anthelmintic treatment - Serves professionals, students, parasitologists and veterinary scientists - Present an easy-to-use handbook on the identification of canine parasites and the diseases associated with parasitic infection

Download or read book Biological Agricultural Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 2282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Essentials of Disease in Wild Animals written by Gary A. Wobeser and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-07 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interrelationship between wild animal, domestic animals and human health is appreciated now more than ever before. This is because of the recognition of the involvement of wild animals in diseases of humans and domestic animals, the impact of disease on wildlife management and conservation biology, recognition of new forms of environmental contamination, and academic interest in disease as an ecological factor. This is the first introductory level book about disease in wild animals that deals with basic subjects such as the nature of disease, what causes disease, how disease is described and measured, how diseases spread and persist and the effects of disease on individual animals and populations. In contrast to authors of many other veterinary books, Gary A. Wobeser takes a more general approach to health in wild animals, recognizing that disease is one ecological factor among many and that disease can never be considered satisfactorily in isolation. Rather than focus on individual causative agents and their effect on the individual animal, the emphasis is on why disease occurred, and on the complex interactions that occur among disease agents, the environment and host populations. Written by a leading researcher in wildlife diseases, this book will fill a knowledge gap for those called to work with disease in wild animals who lack experience or training in the general features of disease as they relate to wild animals. Veterinarians, ecologists, wildlife biologists, population biologists and public health workers will find this book invaluable.

Download or read book Skin Diseases of Cattle in the Tropics written by Mohamed Elamin Hamid and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-06-08 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Skin Diseases of Cattle in the Tropics: A Guide to Diagnosis and Treatment is a clinical and practical guide to help animal scientists, field veterinarians, veterinary students, and technicians make appropriate and differential diagnoses. It features quizzes of clinical cases, along with multiple images of characteristic lesions and laboratory findings of major skin diseases (and diseases with skin manifestations) that are prevalent in tropical areas, notably the Sub-Saharan African countries. This self-learning and easy-to-use instructional guide, a unique offering in the field of animal science and veterinary medicine, provides essential and foundational information about relevant skin conditions that are followed by illustrated flow charts of laboratory diagnoses and summaries of respective diseases. This title makes the subject accessible for practicing veterinarians and animal scientists, and is particularly useful for those who have neither seen nor had the chance to see these diseases in the field or clinics. Such diseases are important not only in the tropics, but may be encountered in many countries in subtropical and temperate zones. - Features more than 100 images of lesions and laboratory findings of major skin diseases and diseases with skin manifestations that are prevalent in tropical areas - Includes clinical-case quizzes for self-directed learning - Covers laboratory diagnosis, clinical presentations, and the summary of all important facts about the disease, including their etiology

Download or read book Ecology Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 744 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coverage: 1982- current; updated: monthly. This database covers current ecology research across a wide range of disciplines, reflecting recent advances in light of growing evidence regarding global environmental change and destruction. Major ares of subject coverage include: Algae/lichens, Animals, Annelids, Aquatic ecosystems, Arachnids, Arid zones, Birds, Brackish water, Bryophytes/pteridophytes, Coastal ecosystems, Conifers, Conservation, Control, Crustaceans, Ecosyst em studies, Fungi, Grasses, Grasslands, High altitude environments, Human ecology, Insects, Legumes, Mammals, Management, Microorganisms, Molluscs, Nematodes, Paleo-ecology, Plants, Pollution studies, Reptiles, River basins, Soil, TAiga/tundra, Terrestrial ecosystems, Vertebrates, Wetlands, Woodlands.

Download or read book Translational Research for Zoonotic Parasites New Findings Toward Improved Diagnostics Therapy and Prevention written by Vito Colella and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book is reported novel information on diagnosis, treatment, and control of parasites that are naturally transmitted from animal reservoirs to humans. Subjects: Public Health and Healthcare: Prevention; Medicine and Pharmacology: Therapy.

Download or read book Entomology Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 856 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: