Download or read book Modelling with Transparent Soils written by Magued Iskander and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-15 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: up with automated systems for assessment of road condition. For example, Haas et al (1997) developed an automated algorithm for detecting cracks and joints con- tion. Smith and Lin (1997) developed a fuzzy logic classification scheme for pavement distress condition. Oh et al (1997) developed iterative algorithm for overcoming noisy images of roads due to shadows and low light conditions. Koustsopoulos and Mishalani (1997) presented a model for distress assessment in a local (microscopic) and global (macroscopic) level using captured images of pavement. Lee (1993) presented a comparison between 15 different imaging al- rithms used in crack detection. Ground Penetration Radar (GPR) has also been used for pavement assessment. Special computer algorithms were developed for quick analysis of GPR data (Adeli & Hung 1993 and Maser 1996). Heiler and McNeil (1997) proposed a modified system for analyzing the GPR data using an artificial neural network (ANN). 2.3.2 Traffic Analysis and Control Currently imaging systems provide essential data for transportation and traffic engineering planning (Anon 1999). Machine vision techniques were introduced to intersection traffic signal control in the late 1970’s (Chou and Sethi 1993). No- days, many systems have been developed all over the world for traffic analysis and control applications, in addition to image based systems for traffic violations. Nallamathu and Wang (1997) developed one of the first automated systems for license plate recognition using character recognition algorithm for the use in monitoring violators at toll stations and many other traffic applications.

Download or read book Transparent Soil Modelling Technique and Its Application written by Honghua Zhao and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-29 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book systematically introduces the advancement of transparent soil modelling technique and its application. The transparent soil modelling technique provides an essential tool for visualizing soil-structure interaction and other geotechnical problems such as grouting, soil plugging. The geotechnical properties of the newest transparent soils were reported on model sand, clay and rock. In addition, more advanced image processing methods were summarized. In this book, numerous applications of transparent soil modelling techniques for different geotechnical problems were presented, and the results obtained are supplemented by numerical calculation and theoretical analysis.

Download or read book Past Present and Future of Transparent Soils written by M. Iskander and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transparent soils have evolved in the past two decades as a useful tool for the physical modeling of soil-structure interaction mechanisms, saturated-unsaturated hydraulic behavior, and thermal processes in soils. This paper traces the history of the development of transparent soil surrogates used in laboratory 1-g bench-scale and centrifuge tests to investigate a variety of geotechnical applications. Many notable papers that appear in this special issue of the journal on modeling with transparent soils are introduced throughout the review. The paper also looks into the future to anticipate where further advances and applications of these materials and complementary technologies may be expected.

Download or read book Centrifuge Modelling With Transparent Soil and Laser Aided Imaging written by Jonathan A. Black and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transparent synthetic soils have been developed as a soil surrogate to enable internal visualization of geotechnical processes in physical models. While significant developments have been made to enhance the methodology and capabilities of transparent soil modelling, the technique is not yet exploited to its fullest potential. Tests are typically conducted at 1 g in small bench size models, which invokes concerns about the impact of scale and stress level observed in previously reported work. This paper recognized this limitation and outlines the development of improved testing methodology whereby the transparent soil and laser aided imaging technique are translated to the centrifuge environment. This has a considerable benefit such that increased stresses are provided, which better reflect the prototype condition. The paper describes the technical challenges associated with implementing this revised experimental methodology, summarizes the test equipment/systems developed, and presents initial experimental results to validate and confirm the successful implementation and scaling of transparent soil testing to the high gravity centrifuge test environment. A 0.6 m wide prototype strip foundation was tested at two scales using the principle of "modelling of models," in which similar performance was observed. The scientific developments discussed have the potential to provide a step change in transparent soil modelling methodology, crucially providing more representative stress conditions that reflect prototype conditions, while making a broader positive contribution to physical modelling capabilities to assess complex soil-structure boundary problems.

Download or read book A Nonviscous Water Based Pore Fluid for Modeling With Transparent Soils written by Tiago Carvalho and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new low viscosity transparent soil recipe was introduced in this note for the physical modeling of geotechnical problems. Pore fluid is a water-based solution made of sodium-thiosulfate treated sodium-iodide. The soil surrogate is crushed fused quartz. Physical and mechanical properties of the proposed materials were summarized, including refractive index (RI) and viscosity of the pore fluid, as well as hydraulic conductivity and shear strength of the produced transparent soil. The main advantages of the proposed transparent soil over previous recipes include lower viscosity, lower sensitivity to temperature variations, and the ability to recycle the materials for use in multiple tests.

Download or read book Quantification of Optical Clarity of Transparent Soil Using the Modulation Transfer Function written by Jonathan A. Black and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Transparent synthetic soils have been developed as a soil surrogate to enable internal visualization of geotechnical processes in physical models. Transparency of the soil dictates the overarching success of the technique; however, despite this fundamental requirement, no quantitative framework has yet been established to appraise the visual quality of transparent soil. Previous approaches to assess and optimize transparency quality included an eye chart assessment method, although this approach is highly subjective and operator-dependent. In this paper, an independent method for quantitatively assessing the optical quality of transparent soil is proposed based on the optical calibration method, Modulation Transfer Function (MTF). The work explores this hypothesis and assesses the potential for MTF to quantify the optical quality of transparent soils for a number of aspects including (i) optimum oil blend ratio, (ii) depth of viewing plane, and (iii) temperature. The results confirmed that MTF offers a robust and reliable method to provide an independent quantitative measure of the optical quality of transparent soil. The impact of reduced soil transparency and the ability to track speckle patterns--thus accuracy and precision of displacement measurement--was correlated with MTF to evaluate the permissible viewing depth of transparent soil.

Download or read book Physical Modelling in Geotechnics Volume 2 written by Andrew McNamara and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-07-11 with total page 708 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical Modelling in Geotechnics collects more than 1500 pages of peer-reviewed papers written by researchers from over 30 countries, and presented at the 9th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics 2018 (City, University of London, UK 17-20 July 2018). The ICPMG series has grown such that two volumes of proceedings were required to publish all contributions. The books represent a substantial body of work in four years. Physical Modelling in Geotechnics contains 230 papers, including eight keynote and themed lectures representing the state-of-the-art in physical modelling research in aspects as diverse as fundamental modelling including sensors, imaging, modelling techniques and scaling, onshore and offshore foundations, dams and embankments, retaining walls and deep excavations, ground improvement and environmental engineering, tunnels and geohazards including significant contributions in the area of seismic engineering. ISSMGE TC104 have identified areas for special attention including education in physical modelling and the promotion of physical modelling to industry. With this in mind there is a special themed paper on education, focusing on both undergraduate and postgraduate teaching as well as practicing geotechnical engineers. Physical modelling has entered a new era with the advent of exciting work on real time interfaces between physical and numerical modelling and the growth of facilities and expertise that enable development of so called ‘megafuges’ of 1000gtonne capacity or more; capable of modelling the largest and most complex of geotechnical challenges. Physical Modelling in Geotechnics will be of interest to professionals, engineers and academics interested or involved in geotechnics, geotechnical engineering and related areas. The 9th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics was organised by the Multi Scale Geotechnical Engineering Research Centre at City, University of London under the auspices of Technical Committee 104 of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE). City, University of London, are pleased to host the prestigious international conference for the first time having initiated and hosted the first regional conference, Eurofuge, ten years ago in 2008. Quadrennial regional conferences in both Europe and Asia are now well established events giving doctoral researchers, in particular, the opportunity to attend an international conference in this rapidly evolving specialist area. This is volume 2 of a 2-volume set.

Download or read book Development of a Transparent Material to Model the Geotechnical Properties of Soils written by MG. Iskander and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measurement of three-dimensional deformation patterns and flow characteristics within a soil continuum are usually limited by the fact that soil sensors do not provide a continuous image of the measured continuum. Additionally, soil sensors exhibit static and dynamic characteristics that are different from those of the surrounding soils and therefore can change the response of the measured continuum. Tests conducted with a transparent material which has properties that closely model the geotechnical properties of natural soils can potentially circumvent these experimental problems if the response of a model transparent continuum can be measured using nonintrusive optical visualization techniques.

Download or read book Physical Modelling in Geotechnics written by P. Guo and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-11-22 with total page 1046 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers cover topics including: physical modelling facilities; experimental advances; seismic experimental advances; education; soil behaviour; offshore systems; cold regions; geo-environment; dynamics; earthquake effects; and strategies for disaster reduction.

Download or read book Deformation Characteristics of Geomaterials written by V.A. Rinaldi and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2015-12-11 with total page 1236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In November 2015, Buenos Aires, Argentina became the location of several important events for geo-professionals, with the simultaneous holding of the 6th International Symposium on Deformation Characteristics of Geomaterials, the 15th Pan-American Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (XV PCSMGE), the 8th South American Congress on Rock Mechanics (SCRM), as well as the 22nd Argentinean Congress of Geotechnical Engineering (CAMSIGXXII). This synergy provided a unique opportunity to exchange ideas and discuss current and future practices in the areas of soil mechanics and rock mechanics, and their applications in civil, energy, environmental, and mining engineering. This book presents the proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Deformation Characteristics of Geomaterials. As well as 118 articles selected for publication after peer review, it includes 7 lectures delivered by invited keynote speakers and the Third Bishop Lecture, delivered by Professor Herve Di Benedetto of the University of Lyon, France, who presented a reference work on the advanced testing and modeling of bituminous bounded and unbounded granular materials. The conference brought together practitioners, researchers and educators from around the world engaged in the understanding of the deformation properties of geo-materials before failure, and the small strain parameters as fundamental characteristics of geo-materials. The main topics covered by the symposium include experimental investigations from very small strains to beyond failure, including multi-physical approach; HTC M coupling behavior, characterization and modeling of various geo-materials and interfaces; and practical prediction and interpretation of ground responses: field observation and case histories.

Download or read book Physical Modelling in Geotechnics Volume 1 written by Andrew McNamara and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-07-11 with total page 1455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical Modelling in Geotechnics collects more than 1500 pages of peer-reviewed papers written by researchers from over 30 countries, and presented at the 9th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics 2018 (City, University of London, UK 17-20 July 2018). The ICPMG series has grown such that two volumes of proceedings were required to publish all contributions. The books represent a substantial body of work in four years. Physical Modelling in Geotechnics contains 230 papers, including eight keynote and themed lectures representing the state-of-the-art in physical modelling research in aspects as diverse as fundamental modelling including sensors, imaging, modelling techniques and scaling, onshore and offshore foundations, dams and embankments, retaining walls and deep excavations, ground improvement and environmental engineering, tunnels and geohazards including significant contributions in the area of seismic engineering. ISSMGE TC104 have identified areas for special attention including education in physical modelling and the promotion of physical modelling to industry. With this in mind there is a special themed paper on education, focusing on both undergraduate and postgraduate teaching as well as practicing geotechnical engineers. Physical modelling has entered a new era with the advent of exciting work on real time interfaces between physical and numerical modelling and the growth of facilities and expertise that enable development of so called ‘megafuges’ of 1000gtonne capacity or more; capable of modelling the largest and most complex of geotechnical challenges. Physical Modelling in Geotechnics will be of interest to professionals, engineers and academics interested or involved in geotechnics, geotechnical engineering and related areas. The 9th International Conference on Physical Modelling in Geotechnics was organised by the Multi Scale Geotechnical Engineering Research Centre at City, University of London under the auspices of Technical Committee 104 of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE). City, University of London, are pleased to host the prestigious international conference for the first time having initiated and hosted the first regional conference, Eurofuge, ten years ago in 2008. Quadrennial regional conferences in both Europe and Asia are now well established events giving doctoral researchers, in particular, the opportunity to attend an international conference in this rapidly evolving specialist area. This is volume 1 of a 2-volume set.

Download or read book A Transparent Sand for Geotechnical Laboratory Modeling written by Fawzy M. Ezzein and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper describes a new transparent granular soil that can be used for laboratory geotechnical modeling purposes. The transparent soil consists of fused quartz particles in combination with a mixture of two mineral oils as pore fluid. The solid particles and the matching liquid have the same refractive index. The soil has important advantages with respect to transparency, stability, health safety, and utility over glass and silica gel materials. The transparent soil is also inexpensive compared to silica gel-fluid materials that have been used in the past. Conventional laboratory shear box, triaxial compression, and permeability tests were carried out to demonstrate that the mechanical properties and hydraulic permeability of the transparent soil are typical of granular soils with angular particles.

Download or read book Practice of Constitutive Modelling for Saturated Soils written by Zhen-Yu Yin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-11 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the development of a constitutive modeling platform for soil testing, which is one of the key components in geomechanics and geotechnics. It discusses the fundamentals of the constitutive modeling of soils and illustrates the use of these models to simulate various laboratory tests. To help readers understand the fundamentals and modeling of soil behaviors, it first introduces the general stress–strain relationship of soils and the principles and modeling approaches of various laboratory tests, before examining the ideas and formulations of constitutive models of soils. Moving on to the application of constitutive models, it presents a modeling platform with a practical, simple interface, which includes various kinds of tests and constitutive models ranging from clay to sand, that is used for simulating most kinds of laboratory tests. The book is intended for undergraduate and graduate-level teaching in soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering and other related engineering specialties. Thanks to the inclusion of real-world applications, it is also of use to industry practitioners, opening the door to advanced courses on modeling within the industrial engineering and operations research fields.

Download or read book Physical Modelling in Geotechnics Two Volume Set written by Sarah Springman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-06-17 with total page 1522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book results from the 7th ICPMG meeting in Zurich 2010 and covers a broad range of aspects of physical modelling in geotechnics, linking across to other modelling techniques to consider the entire spectrum required in providing innovative geotechnical engineering solutions.Topics presented at the conference:Soil - Structure - Interaction;

Download or read book Modelling of Soil Structure Interaction written by V. Kolár and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Distributed in the East European countries, China, Northern Korea, Cuba, Vietnam and Mongolia by Academia, Prague, CzechoslovakiaThis book is based on the efficient subsoil model introduced by the authors in 1977 and applied in the last ten years in the design of foundations. From the designer's point of view, the model considerably reduces the extent of the calculations connected with the numerical analysis of soil-structure interaction. The algorithms presented are geared for use on mini- and personal computers and can be used in any numerical method. A special chapter is devoted to the implementation of the model in the NE-XX finite element program package, illustrated with diagrams, tables and practical examples.Besides presenting the energy definition and general theory of both 2D and 3D model forms, the book also deals with practical problems such as Kirchhoff's and Mindlin's foundation plates, interaction between neighbouring structures, actual values of physical constants of subsoils and natural frequencies and shapes of foundation plates.Today, researchers and engineers can choose from a wide range of soil models, some fairly simple and others very elaborate. However, the gap which has long existed between geomechanical theory and everyday design practice still persists. The present book is intended to suit the practical needs of the designer by introducing an efficient subsoil model in which the surrounding soil is substituted by certain properties of the structure-soil interface. When a more precise solution is required, a more sophisticated model form can be used. Its additional degrees of deformation freedom can better express the behaviour of layered or generally unhomogeneous subsoil. As a result, designers will find that this book goes some way towards bridging the above-mentioned gap between structural design theory and day-to-day practice.

Download or read book Rapid Penetration into Granular Media written by Magued Iskander and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-07-10 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rapid Penetration into Granular Media: Visualizing the Fundamental Physics of Rapid Penetration introduces readers to the variety of methods developed to visualize, observe, and model the rapid penetration of natural and man-made projectiles into earth materials while providing seasoned practitioners with a standard reference that showcases the topic's most recent developments in research and application. There has been a flurry of recently funded research both in the U.S. and Europe on studying the behavior of projectiles in granular media. This book compiles the findings of recent research on the subject and outlines the fundamental physics of rapid earth penetration, and assembles a comprehensive collection of experimental and numerical techniques to study the problem. - Presents a comprehensive interdisciplinary review of the latest research developments in the response of granular media to impact and impulsive loading - Combines the experience of prominent researchers from different disciplines focusing on the challenges presented by impact loading of granular media - Introduces recently developed methods for visualizing the fundamental physics of rapid penetration into granular media

Download or read book Spatial Deformation Measurement Using Transparent Soil written by Magued Iskander and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper addresses the need for nonintrusively measuring spatial deformation pattern inside soils. In this study, transparent soil surrogates are used in model tests instead of natural soils. Transparent soil with macrogeotechnical properties similar to those of natural soils was made of either transparent amorphous silica gels or powders and a pore fluid with a matching refractive index. An optical system consisting of a laser light, a line-generator lens, a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera, a frame grabber, and a computer was developed to optically slice a transparent soil model. A distinctive speckle pattern is generated by the interaction of the laser light and transparent soil. The laser speckle images before and after deformation were used to nonintrusively measure the relative displacement field using digital image cross-correlation. Spatial displacement fields under a model footing were obtained by combining several cross-sections in MATLAB®. Test results showed that the developed optical system and transparent soil are suitable for studying soil-structural interaction problems.