Download or read book Modelling the Role of Acidic Species on CO2 Corrosion Prediction written by Mohamad Azwan Mohd Ghazali and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The presence of acetic acid (HAc) in formation water of oil and gas reservoirs has long been suspected to contribute to the CO2 corrosion rate. The prediction model has been developed based on mechanistic theories which is involved the fundamental of electrochemical reaction for partial cathodic and anodic process on the metal surface. By using this prediction model, the corrosion behaviour of carbon steel in the presence of HAc in combination with pH and temperature at simultaneously has been investigated. The corrosion prediction model was verified by comparing calculated corrosion rates with the corrosion data obtained from various literature sources and corrosion prediction software's and it's showed a good relationship in correlation and regression relationship and provided high precision in standard error estimation.From the findings, electrochemical measurements have shown that the presence of acetic acid affects predominantly the cathodic reaction and increased the rate of corrosion, which is agreed well with the general understanding of the CO2...

Download or read book Mechanistic Study of Co2 Corrosion Related to Corrosion in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production written by Mohd.Halimi Azman and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A mechanistic model of CO2 corrosion in the presence of HS has been developed. A model has been developed for the computation of corrosion rates of carbon steels in presence of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. The model included an electrochemical model for partial cathodic and anodic process on the metal surface. The partial processes taken into account by the model include the oxidation of iron and reduction of hydrogen ions, water, carbonic acid and hydrogen sulfide. The model has been verified by comparing calculated corrosion rates with corrosion model prediction software. The corrosion model prediction software consists of Freecorp, Norsok, Cassandra and ECE. The effects of various conditions such as temperature and pH value on corrosion rates has been analyze. The trends shown in the predictions agreed well with the general understanding of the CO corrosion process in the presence of...

Download or read book Comparison of Design Experiment in Carbon Dioxide co2 Corrosion Prediction written by Feng Cheng and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The excellent of mechanical properties and lower cost make carbon steel, low alloy steel, become the main structural material used in oil and gas industry. CO2 corrosion is a common and serious problem. Every year, the CO2 corrosion causes failure with a great loss. There are many factors influence CO2 corrosion such as flow rate, CO2 concentration, pH, temperature, pressure and material property. Base on the factors which affect in model calculation. Some of the models predict corrosion rates based on different parameters and assumptions. So, it can produce different results under the same cases. Consequently, data taken from the model can be over prediction or less prediction. The objective of the study is to compare the CO2 predictive models calculated by several experimental design models (CRD, FFD, TM and RSM). Investigate the effects on carbon steel corrosion in CO2 environment combination with pH, temperature, and flow. Application several designs of experiments are important to simplify CO2 corrosion behavior.

Download or read book Trends in Oil and Gas Corrosion Research and Technologies written by A. M. El-Sherik and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2017-06-09 with total page 928 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trends in Oil and Gas Corrosion Research and Technologies: Production and Transmission delivers the most up-to-date and highly multidisciplinary reference available to identify emerging developments, fundamental mechanisms and the technologies necessary in one unified source. Starting with a brief explanation on corrosion management that also addresses today’s most challenging issues for oil and gas production and transmission operations, the book dives into the latest advances in microbiology-influenced corrosion and other corrosion threats, such as stress corrosion cracking and hydrogen damage just to name a few. In addition, it covers testing and monitoring techniques, such as molecular microbiology and online monitoring for surface and subsurface facilities, mitigation tools, including coatings, nano-packaged biocides, modeling and prediction, cathodic protection and new steels and non-metallics. Rounding out with an extensive glossary and list of abbreviations, the book equips upstream and midstream corrosion professionals in the oil and gas industry with the most advanced collection of topics and solutions to responsibly help solve today’s oil and gas corrosion challenges. Covers the latest in corrosion mitigation techniques, such as corrosion inhibitors, biocides, non-metallics, coatings, and modeling and prediction Solves knowledge gaps with the most current technology and discoveries on specific corrosion mechanisms, highlighting where future research and industry efforts should be concentrated Achieves practical and balanced understanding with a full spectrum of subjects presented from multiple academic and world-renowned contributors in the industry

Download or read book Shreir s Corrosion written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-02-27 with total page 3652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This four-volume reference work builds upon the success of past editions of Elsevier’s Corrosion title (by Shreir, Jarman, and Burstein), covering the range of innovations and applications that have emerged in the years since its publication. Developed in partnership with experts from the Corrosion and Protection Centre at the University of Manchester, Shreir’s Corrosion meets the research and productivity needs of engineers, consultants, and researchers alike. Incorporates coverage of all aspects of the corrosion phenomenon, from the science behind corrosion of metallic and non-metallic materials in liquids and gases to the management of corrosion in specific industries and applications Features cutting-edge topics such as medical applications, metal matrix composites, and corrosion modeling Covers the benefits and limitations of techniques from scanning probes to electrochemical noise and impedance spectroscopy

Download or read book Modelling of Aqueous Carbon Dioxide Corrosion in Turbulent Pipe Flow written by and published by . This book was released on 1901 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A predictive model is described to simulate the aqueous CO2 corrosion of iron in turbulent pipe flow. Mass transfer is modelled with a two dimensional low Reynolds number k- 3 turbulence model by simultaneously solving the conservation equations for mass, momentum, kinetic energy of turbulence and its dissipation rate, along with the concentrations of various dissolved species. The effect of the slow homogeneous chemical reaction Of CO2 hydration is incorporated into the model by including an extra source term in the transport equation for carbonic acid. Other homogeneous chemical reactions are assumed to be in equilibrium. The electrochemical reactions considered are iron dissolution and the reduction of H2CO3, H+ and H 2O. An iterative procedure is employed to calculate CO2 corrosion rates by ensuring the mixed potential theory is satisfied and the various surface chemical equilibria are preserved. It is shown that at a bulk PH 4 and very low flow velocities the reduction of H2CO3 is controlled by CO2 hydration. At higher velocities and in the high current density region where Tafel behavior is no longer observed, H2CO3 reduction is controlled by the interaction of chemical reaction (CO2 hydration) and mass transfer. The H+ reduction is more flow sensitive than the H2CO3 reduction. CO2 corrosion is more influenced by flow at PH 4 than at higher PH values. Generation of H 2CO3 by CO2 hydration enhances the H2CO 3 mass transport and reduces the H2CO3 mass transfer entrance length. The relative contributions of H2CO3, H+, find H2O reduction to the corrosion current depend on the solution PH. The CO2 corrosion rate is accelerated by turbulent flow and CO2 partial pressure through an approximate power law. Present model predictions were tested against experimental findings and other models. Good agreement is achieved. A simplified spreadsheet-based electrochemical model of CO2 corrosion is also developed. Overall mass transfer coefficients.

Download or read book Recent Developments in Analytical Techniques for Corrosion Research written by Ihsan ulhaq Toor and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-04 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers a wide range of advanced analytical tools, from electrochemical to in-situ/ex-situ material characterization techniques, as well as the modeling of corrosion systems to foster understanding and prediction. When used properly, these tools can enrich our understanding of material performance (metallic materials, coatings, inhibitors) in various environments/contexts (aqueous corrosion, high-temperature corrosion). The book encourages researchers to develop new corrosion-resistant materials and supports them in devising suitable asset integrity strategies. Offering a valuable resource for researchers, industry professionals, and graduate students alike, the book shows them how to apply these valuable analytical tools in their work.

Download or read book Development of a Mechanistic Corrosion Model for Carbon Steel in MEA based CO2 Absorption Process written by Ameerudeen Najumudeen and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effect of Salt Concentration on Aqueous Strong Acid Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen Sulfide Corrosion of Carbon Steel written by Fazlollah Madani Sani and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aqueous brines are often produced during hydrocarbon recovery from geological reservoirs as an unwanted by-product. Degree of salinity is always an issue in produced water. In the USA, salt concentration in waters produced from conventional oil and gas wells falls in the range of 1 g/l (~ 0.1 wt.%) to 400 g/l (~ 28 wt.%). Besides salts, CO2 and H2S are ubiquitous in the production stream. Dissolution of these gases in produced waters results in evolution of corrosive species, such as CO2(aq), H2S(aq), H2CO3(aq), H+(aq), HCO-3(aq), and HS-(aq) that cause severe corrosion problems for carbon steel; primary material used in the construction of oil and gas pipelines. Combination of aqueous salts with dissolved CO2(aq) and H2S(aq) and their related species, has always been a great concern for pipeline operators in terms of corrosion problems. A large body of research exists on CO2 and H2S corrosion of oil and gas facilities, mostly at low salt concentrations; up to 3 wt.%. However, only a limited number of studies has investigated CO2 corrosion at high salt concentrations and to the best of this author’s knowledge, this number is zero for H2S corrosion. In the present study, the effect of salt (NaCl) concentration on aqueous uniform strong acid, CO2, and H2S corrosion of carbon steel is investigated. The key parameters in the corrosion process that are influenced by salt concentration are identified: transport phenomena (solution density, solution viscosity and diffusion coefficients of dissolved species), solution chemistry, and electrochemistry of the underlying reactions. Models have been reproduced and developed to account for the effect of salinity (up to ~ 5 m NaCl) on transport phenomena and solution chemistry. The Smolyakov and the square root (Kohlrausch law) equations were chosen for correcting the diffusion coefficients for the effect of temperature, and salt concentration, respectively, using new coefficients obtained in this study. The mixed solvent electrolyte (MSE) model, which is the only comprehensive solution chemistry model available in the literature for the H2O-NaCl-CO2-H2S systems is reproduced. The MSE model is used to calculate the equilibrium activity and activity coefficients of dissolved species important in aqueous strong acids, CO2, and H2S corrosion of carbon steel. pH measurements at 1 bar total pressure and temperatures below 80oC showed that the autogenous pH of aqueous CO2- and H2S-saturated solutions decreased with increasing NaCl concentration. The reason for the decrease in the solution pH was attributed to the increase in the activity coefficient of the H+ ion. The effect of salt concentration on electrochemistry and rate of strong acid, CO2, and H2S corrosion was studied by performing eight sets of experiments in aqueous N2-, CO2-, and H2S-satuared solutions at temperatures below 80oC, 1 bar total pressure, solution pH values between 3 to 5, and different NaCl concentrations, ranging from 0.1 wt.% (0.017 m) to 20 wt.% (4.27 m). The weight loss and linear polarization resistance corrosion rate measurements showed that the corrosion rate for all three types of corrosion generally decreased with increasing NaCl concentration. The analysis of potentiodynamic polarization sweeps indicated that increasing NaCl concentration decreased the rate of the cathodic H+ ion reduction reaction continually, while the rate of the cathodic water reduction reaction was mostly increased. The rate of anodic dissolution of iron in the active region increased at lower NaCl concentrations and then switched trend and decreased at higher NaCl concentrations. In strong acid corrosion, salt concentration seemed to have no effect on the mechanism of active dissolution of iron.

Download or read book Prediction of CO2 corrosion of carbon steel in pipe flow written by Bhaskar Sompalli and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advances in Corrosion Modelling written by Reza Javaherdashti and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Index to Theses with Abstracts Accepted for Higher Degrees by the Universities of Great Britain and Ireland and the Council for National Academic Awards written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Corrosion and Protection written by Einar Bardal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-06-14 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Corrosion and Protection is an essential guide for mechanical, marine and civil engineering students and also provides a valuable reference for practicing engineers. Bardal combines a description of practical corrosion processes and problems with a theoretical explanation of the various types and forms of corrosion, with a central emphasis on the connections between practical problems and basic scientific principles. This well thought-out introduction to corrosion science, with excellent examples and useful tables, is also extremely well illustrated with 167 diagrams and photographs. Readers with a limited background in chemistry can also find it accessible.

Download or read book Corrosion and Materials in Hydrocarbon Production written by Dr. Bijan Kermani and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-03-06 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensively covers the engineering aspects of corrosion and materials in hydrocarbon production This book captures the current understanding of corrosion processes in upstream operations and provides a brief overview of parameters and measures needed for optimum design of facilities. It focuses on internal corrosion occurring in hydrocarbon production environments and the key issues affecting its occurrence, including: the types and morphology of corrosion damage; principal metallic materials deployed; and mitigating measures to optimise its occurrence. The book also highlights important areas of progress and challenges, and looks toward the future of research and development to enable improved and economical design of facilities for oil and a gas production. Written for both those familiar and unfamiliar with the subject—and by two authors with more than 60 years combined industry experience—this book covers everything from Corrosion Resistant Alloys (CRAs) to internal metal loss corrosion threats, corrosion in injection systems to microbiologically influenced corrosion, corrosion risk analysis to corrosion and integrity management, and more, notably: Comprehensively covers the engineering aspects of corrosion and materials in hydrocarbon production Written by two, renowned experts in the field Offers practical guide to those unfamiliar with the subject whilst providing a focused roadmap to addressing the topics in a precise and methodical manner Covers all aspects of corrosion threat and remedial and mitigation measures in upstream hydrocarbon production applicable to sub-surface, surface, and transportation facilities Outlines technology challenges that need further research as a pre-cursor to moving the industry forward. Operational and Engineering Aspects of Corrosion and Materials in Hydrocarbon Production is an excellent guide for both practicing materials and corrosion engineers working in hydrocarbons production as well as those entering the area who may not be fully familiar with the subject.

Download or read book Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion in the Upstream Oil and Gas Industry written by Torben Lund Skovhus and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-03-03 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microorganisms are ubiquitously present in petroleum reservoirs and the facilities that produce them. Pipelines, vessels, and other equipment used in upstream oil and gas operations provide a vast and predominantly anoxic environment for microorganisms to thrive. The biggest technical challenge resulting from microbial activity in these engineered environments is the impact on materials integrity. Oilfield microorganisms can affect materials integrity profoundly through a multitude of elusive (bio)chemical mechanisms, collectively referred to as microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). MIC is estimated to account for 20 to 30% of all corrosion-related costs in the oil and gas industry. This book is intended as a comprehensive reference for integrity engineers, production chemists, oilfield microbiologists, and scientists working in the field of petroleum microbiology or corrosion. Exhaustively researched by leaders from both industry and academia, this book discusses the latest technological and scientific advances as well as relevant case studies to convey to readers an understanding of MIC and its effective management.

Download or read book Corrosion in the Petrochemical Industry Second Edition written by and published by ASM International. This book was released on 2015-12-01 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1994, this second edition of Corrosion in the Petrochemical Industry collects peer-reviewed articles written by experts in the field of corrosion that were specifically chosen for this book because of their relevance to the petrochemical industry. This edition expands coverage of the different forms of corrosion, including the effects of metallurgical variables on the corrosion of several alloys. It discusses protection methods, including discussion of corrosion inhibitors and corrosion resistance of aluminum, magnesium, stainless steels, and nickels. It also includes a section devoted specifically to petroleum and petrochemical industry related issues.

Download or read book Handbook of Engineering Practice of Materials and Corrosion written by Jung-Chul (Thomas) Eun and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-04 with total page 885 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook is an in-depth guide to the practical aspects of materials and corrosion engineering in the energy and chemical industries. The book covers materials, corrosion, welding, heat treatment, coating, test and inspection, and mechanical design and integrity. A central focus is placed on industrial requirements, including codes, standards, regulations, and specifications that practicing material and corrosion engineers and technicians face in all roles and in all areas of responsibility. The comprehensive resource provides expert guidance on general corrosion mechanisms and recommends materials for the control and prevention of corrosion damage, and offers readers industry-tested best practices, rationales, and case studies.