Download or read book Modelling the Potential for Wind Energy Integration on China s Coal heavy Electricity Grid written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expanding the use of wind energy for electricity generation forms an integral part of China's efforts to address degraded air quality and climate change. However, the integration of wind energy into China's coal-heavy electricity system presents significant challenges owing to wind's variability and the grid's system-wide inflexibilities. Here we develop a model to predict how much wind energy can be generated and integrated into China's electricity mix, and estimate a potential production of 2.6 petawatt-hours (PWh) per year in 2030. Although this represents 26% of total projected electricity demand, it is only 10% of the total estimated physical potential of wind resources in the country. Increasing the operational flexibility of China's coal fleet would allow wind to deliver nearly three-quarters of China's target of producing 20% of primary energy from non-fossil sources by 2030. China, the world's largest energy consumer and greenhouse gas emitter, has made deploying wind-generated electricity a cornerstone of long-term plans to mitigate climate change, air pollution and other energy-related environmental impacts. Following rapid expansion in recent years, especially in remote, less populous areas, wind has faced significant challenges integrating into the coal-heavy power grid owing to its fundamental operational differences compared to conventional energy sources. We present the first assessment of China's wind energy potential and its regional distribution that incorporates an operational model of the grid and undertakes systematic exploration of key uncertainties.

Download or read book Wind Power in China written by Julia Kirch Kirkegaard and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-11-12 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whilst China’s growing economy is widely regarded as being responsible for severe environmental degradation and a high reliance on energy from fossil fuels, China is emerging as a potential leader in new green energy technologies. Outlining the extraordinary growth in China’s wind power capacity since 2005, this book explores the deliberate creation of a whole industry and the strategy of transitioning the power sector to renewable energy by accelerated experimentation and through literally pushing the emerging wind power sector to its limits. Investigating how wind power may not always be considered as sustainable in a wider Chinese developmental context, the book traces the struggle China has had in getting this high technology sector to qualify as truly Chinese scientific development, whilst often being opaquely at the mercy of foreign expertise, technology, and certification. The book furthermore exposes the surprising nuances, dynamics, and potency of unexpected players in Chinese wind power marketisation. Complex interplays are revealed between wind turbine control systems, algorithms in critical software technology, relationships between suppliers, wind farm developers, financiers, the electrical grid itself, the coal lobby, the broader Chinese state, and much more. The book has important implications far beyond wind power and contemporary China studies, highlighting the much wider story of China’s fragmented and experimental style of innovating, upgrading, and greening.

Download or read book An Integrated Assessment of China s Wind Energy Potential written by Da Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computable general equilibrium (CGE) models seeking to evaluate the impacts of electricity policy face difficulties incorporating detail on the variable nature of renewable energy resources. To improve the accuracy of modeling renewable energy and climate policies, detailed scientific and engineering data are used to inform the parameterization of wind electricity in a new regional CGE model of China. Wind power density (WPD) in China is constructed using boundary layer flux data from the Modern Era Retrospective-analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) dataset with a 0.5° latitude by 0.67° longitude spatial resolution. Wind resource data are used to generate production cost functions for wind at the provincial level for both onshore and offshore, incorporating technological parameters and geographical constraints. By using these updated wind production cost data to parameterize the wind electricity option in a CGE model, an illustrative policy analysis of the current feed-in tariff (FIT) for onshore wind electricity is performed. Assuming a generous penetration rate, no grid integration cost and no inter-provincial interconnection, we find that the economic potential of wind exceeds China's 2020 wind target by a large margin. Our analysis shows how wind electricity resource can be differentiated based on location and quality in a CGE model and then applied to analyze climate and energy policies.

Download or read book Integration of Large Scale Wind Energy with Electrical Power Systems in China written by Zongxiang Lu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-04-04 with total page 976 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An in-depth examination of large scale wind projects and electricity production in China Presents the challenges of electrical power system planning, design, operation and control carried out by large scale wind power, from the Chinese perspective Focuses on the integration issue of large scale wind power to the bulk power system, probing the interaction between wind power and bulk power systems Wind power development is a burgeoning area of study in developing countries, with much interest in offshore wind farms and several big projects under development English translation of the Chinese language original which won the "Fourth China Outstanding Publication Award nomination" in March 2013

Download or read book Wind Power Cost and Value Analysis of China written by Shan Cheng and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the development of society and industry, demand for energy is growing. The environmental issues caused by mining, transportation and consuming of conventional fuels are getting more and more serious. Wind energy, as a strong power on earth, has been developed for decades. With much attention drawn to it and the development of technology, the cost of wind power has been reduced to a relatively competitive price. Thus the utilization of wind power has been widely obtained globally. However, the cost of wind power is still too high to compete with conventional thermal power if without incentives. As a result, it is important to find influential factors to this problem. This research paper presented the cost and profit of wind power in a more comprehensive way. Firstly, this paper introduces a basic analysis of wind power cost. The cost of wind power mainly consists of three part: investment cost, operation and maintenance cost and financial cost. Site selection, wind energy source, turbine selection method along with tax policies are also discussed here. And then a mathematical model is derived. From this model, we can perceive the composition of wind power cost. Secondly, the integration cost and environmental are discussed in this paper. The randomness of wind resource and the uneven distribution of electricity supply and demand lay heavy burden on electricity management, so that additional reserve capacity and energy storage technology are under development. Damages caused by coal production, transportation and use add environmental value to wind power generation. The social and environmental benefits are constantly ignored when calculating wind power cost, and the cost spent on grid integration caused by the uncertainty of wind energy should also be considered. Finally, an integrated model is derived, analyzing factors influencing wind power cost. A 50MW wind farm is assumed to be built in Urumqi area. It's cost along with its environmental value is calculated using the method discussed in this report. And the result is compared with wind power price and coal piece.

Download or read book Strategies of Sustainable Development in China s Wind Power Industry written by Jiachun Li and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-11 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the status quo and visions for the future in the wind energy industry in China and around the globe, focusing on its roles in optimizing energy structure, alleviating environmental pollution, and coping with climate change. Providing a blueprint of wind power development till 2050, it suggests a series of further measures in the context of policies, regulations, laws, and marketing in order to overcome the existing bottlenecks. Moreover, it proposes a number of potential innovative technologies related to IT+ and advanced manufacturing, including integrated & distributed power and micro-grid systems, multi-energy complement, green and intelligent manufacturing, reliability design, blade design, manufacturing and maintenance, drive drain systems, and offshore wind farms. This book offers researchers and engineers insights into sustainable development in the wind power industry.

Download or read book Large Scale Wind Power Grid Integration written by Ningbo Wang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-11-05 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large Scale Wind Power Grid Integration: Technological and Regulatory Issues presents engineers with detailed solutions on the challenges of integrating and transmitting electricity generated from high power wind installations, covering all of the standard engineering issues associated with high power wind generation. The book includes detailed case studies from eight wind power bases in China, providing important insights for engineers in countries that are seeking to develop large-scale wind power farms. Also discussed is the emergence of 10 GW-level wind power bases that are now operational in China and those that are planned for offshore construction in Europe, the U.S., and other places in the world. China's leadership in Large-scale wind power bases with capacities over 1 GW (which already account for approximately 70%-80% of the total installed capacity in China) means that globally, engineers who are challenged with developing large-scale wind power installations can gain access to the experiences of Chinese engineers in this important technology. - Presents the first book to extensively introduce the technique of 10-GW wind power base - Discusses the technology of large-scale wind power delivery and consumption, including the analysis, simulation and calculation of wind power delivery capacity, system stabilization and control, wind power prediction and forecasting, peak load and frequency regulation of power generation - Introduces the background policy related to large-scale wind power delivery and the consumption plan, investigation of the present wind power policies around the world and the executive plan for the Jiuquan 10-GW wind power base

Download or read book Foundations for a Low Carbon Energy System in China written by Henry Lee and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-12-09 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate change is a key problem of the 21st century. China, as the largest emitter of greenhouse gases, has committed to stabilize its current emissions and dramatically increase the share of electricity production from non-fossil fuels by 2030. However, this is only a first step: in the longer term, China needs to aggressively strive to reach a goal of zero-emissions. Through detailed discussions of electricity pricing, electric vehicle policies, nuclear energy policies, and renewable energy policies, this book reviews how near-term climate and energy policies can affect long-term decarbonization pathways beyond 2030, building the foundations for decarbonization in advance of its realization. Focusing primarily on the electricity sector in China - the main battleground for decarbonization over the next century – it provides a valuable resource for researchers and policymakers, as well as energy and climate experts.

Download or read book Green Innovation in China written by Joanna I. Lewis and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2013 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Just a decade ago, China maintained only a handful of operating wind turbines -- all imported from Europe and the United States.

Download or read book Energy Roadmap 2050 written by European Commission and published by Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. This book was released on 2012 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: People's well-being, industrial competitiveness and the overall functioning of society are dependent on safe, secure, sustainable and affordable energy. The energy infrastructure which will power citizens' homes, industry and services in 2050, as well as the buildings which people will use, are being designed and built now. The pattern of energy production and use in 2050 is already being set.

Download or read book Creating Markets for Wind Electricity in China written by Michael Roy Davidson and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China's rapid economic growth -- largely industrial, energy-intensive, and reliant on coal -- has generated environmental, public health, and governance challenges. While China now leads the world in renewable energy deployment, curtailment (waste) of wind and solar is high and increasing, generating much discussion on the relative contributions of technical inflexibilities and incomplete institutional reforms on integration outcomes. These integration challenges directly affect China's ability to meet long-term environmental and economic objectives. A second, related challenge emerges from how wind integration interacts with China's reinvigoration in 2015 of a three-decade-old process to establish competitive electricity markets. A "standard liberalization prescription" for electricity markets exists internationally, though Chinese policy-makers ignore or under-emphasize many of its elements in current reforms, and some scholars question its general viability in emerging economies. This dissertation examines these interrelated phenomena by analyzing the contributions of diverse causes of wind curtailment, assessing whether current experiments will lead to efficient and politically viable electricity markets, and offering prescriptions on when and how to use markets to address renewable energy integration challenges. To examine fundamentals of the technical system and the impacts of institutional incentives on system outcomes, this dissertation develops a multi-method approach that iterates between engineering models and qualitative case studies of the system operation decision-making process (Chapter 2). These are necessary to capture, respectively, production functions inclusive of physical constraints and costs, and incentive structures of formally specified as well as de facto institutions. Interviews conducted over 2013-2016 with key stakeholders in four case provinces/regions with significant wind development inform tracing of the processes of grid and market operations (Chapter 3). A mixed-integer unit commitment and economic dispatch optimization is formulated and, based on the case studies, further tailored by adding several institutions of China's partially-liberalized system (Chapter 4). The model generates a reference picture of three of the systems as well as quantitative contributions of relevant institutions (Chapter 5). Insights from qualitative and quantitative approaches are combined iteratively for more parsimonious findings (Chapter 6). This dissertation disentangles the causes of curtailment, focusing on the directional and relative contributions of institutions, technical issues, and potential interactive effects. Wind curtailment is found to be closely tied to engineering constraints, such as must-run combined heat and power (CHP) in northern winters. However, institutional causes -- inflexibilities in both scheduling and inter-provincial trading -- have a larger impact on curtailment rates. Technical parameters that are currently set administratively at the provincial level (e.g., coal generator minimum outputs) are a third and important leading cause under certain conditions. To assess the impact of China's broader reform of the electricity system on wind curtailment, this dissertation examines in detail "marketizing" experiments. In principle, spot markets for electricity naturally prioritize wind, with near zero marginal cost, thereby contributing to low curtailment. However, China has not yet created a spot market and this dissertation finds that its implementation of other electricity markets in practice operates far from ideal. Market designs follow a similar pattern of relying on dual-track prices and out-of-market parameters, which, in the case of electricity, leave several key institutional causes of inefficiency and curtailment untouched. Compared to other sectors with successful marketization occurring when markets "grow out of the plan," all of the major electricity experiments examined show deficiencies in their ability to transition to an efficient market and to cost-effectively integrate wind energy. Although China's setting is institutionally very different, results support implementation of many elements of standard electricity market prescriptions: prioritize regional (inter-provincial) markets, eliminate conflicts of interest in dispatch, and create a consistent central policy on "transition costs" of reducing central planning. Important for China, though overlooked in standard prescriptions: markets are enhanced by clarifying the connection between dispatch and exchange settlement. As is well established, power system efficiency is expected to achieve greatest gains with a short-term merit order dispatch and primarily financial market instruments, though some workable near-term deviations for the Chinese context are proposed. Ambiguous property rights related to generation plans have helped accelerate reforms, but also delay more effective markets from evolving. China shares similarities with the large class of emerging economies undergoing electricity market restructuring, for which this suggests research efforts should disaggregate planning from scheduling institutions, analyze the range of legacy sub-national trade barriers, and prioritize finding "second-best" liberalization options fit to country context in the form and order of institutional reforms.

Download or read book Wind Energy Engineering written by Trevor Letcher and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-05-11 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wind Energy Engineering: A Handbook for Onshore and Offshore Wind Turbines is the most advanced, up-to-date and research-focused text on all aspects of wind energy engineering. Wind energy is pivotal in global electricity generation and for achieving future essential energy demands and targets. In this fast moving field this must-have edition starts with an in-depth look at the present state of wind integration and distribution worldwide, and continues with a high-level assessment of the advances in turbine technology and how the investment, planning, and economic infrastructure can support those innovations. Each chapter includes a research overview with a detailed analysis and new case studies looking at how recent research developments can be applied. Written by some of the most forward-thinking professionals in the field and giving a complete examination of one of the most promising and efficient sources of renewable energy, this book is an invaluable reference into this cross-disciplinary field for engineers. Contains analysis of the latest high-level research and explores real world application potential in relation to the developments Uses system international (SI) units and imperial units throughout to appeal to global engineers Offers new case studies from a world expert in the field Covers the latest research developments in this fast moving, vital subject

Download or read book CHINA S POWER SECTOR DECARBONIZATION written by Anne-Perrine Martine Avrin (Louise) and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: China has become the “world’s factory” and lifted up several millions of people out of poverty through decades of economic reforms. However, this socio-economic development, fueled by coal, has heavily impacted the energy landscape and the environment. Today, China is both the global largest polluter and largest developer of clean energy systems. The unprecedented extent of the country’s power sector challenges and opportunities requires to refine current capacity planning models to better inform policy making. Focusing on climate urgency, this study contributes to filling this need by proposing new modeling frameworks. These models offer a fine-grain analysis of China’s power sector decarbonization potential, by grounding long-term electricity mix expansion planning into inter-sectoral development. Using large datasets of technical, economic and social factors, levers of the clean power transition are analyzed by quantifying and comparing their decarbonization potential, technical feasibility, and cost efficiency over time and across regions and resources. The first lever lies in the coordinated expansion of a low-carbon electricity grid, resilient to renewable energy intermittency and disparities in space and time between energy resources and demand. The high-resolution model SWITCH-China is used to explore optimal capacity expansion pathways for China’s electricity mix under various low-carbon policies. Results show that, while natural gas can become a bridge between the current coal-dominated grid and a future clean electricity mix, a deep decarbonization scenario mostly relies on the concomitant deployment of nuclear—inland, encouraged by advanced nuclear technology development—, wind, solar, energy storage, coal with carbon capture and storage, and an expanded transmission network. Meeting this long-term decarbonization goal increases electricity costs significantly compared to an unconstrained scenario. A modular approach, adaptable to traditional cost-minimizing tools used by planning agencies, is proposed to reduce uncertainty of future technological costs as well as costs resulting from electricity generation intermittency. The model finds that there exist alternatives to the least-cost strategy, which present slightly higher overall electricity costs, but much lower risks. In particular, given the predominance of fossil fuel in the current electricity mix, the deployment of low-carbon systems decreases the overall risk on future costs through diversification, even by accounting for increased operational complexity resulting from renewable energy intermittency. The second lever is the integration of linkages between power and water supply into the optimization framework, as China currently faces both severe water shortages and severe water pollution. Results show that, while total costs of the South to North Water Transfer Project are 2.5 times lower than nuclear desalination, the latter emits six times less CO2. In addition, fresh water from nuclear desalination is shown to be affordable even to the poorest households. Challenges posed by the construction and operation of interregional water diversion suggest that it should only be used in dry inland areas, while low-carbon desalination could be developed at larger scale near coastal economic centers. The DESEC model is developed to explore controllable desalination, powered by nuclear, wind, or solar energy, as a mean to alleviate water scarcity in coastal regions while enabling the wide deployment of a low-curtailment clean power base. Desalination, used as a deferrable load, can transform two low-value products, seawater and excess power from non-dispatchable energies, in a high-value product, fresh water. The DESEC model finds that the North China Grid region’s entire water deficit—61.4 billion m3—can be met entirely by deferrable desalination with a total cost of about $1.5/m3, less than the global average water price. Analyses conclude that there exist local alternatives to current national-scale power and water diversion projects, more adapted to regional characteristics, less prone to risks and disruptions. The third lever is the electrification of urban passenger cars, as the sector is poised for massive expansion in the next decade. Findings show that the near-term deployment of electric vehicles cannot be enabled by technology cost decrease alone. If the current impact from favorable policy is maintained but not amplified, CO2 emissions from urban passenger cars will peak around 2040, or ten years past the official 2030 carbon peak target. In fact, although it demonstrates higher costs in the near term, large-scale vehicle electrification is the least-cost, least-CO2-emission pathway for China’s urban transportation expansion in the long run. Generally, model results reveal that massive investment is needed in R&D and infrastructure capacity deployment, and that utilities and institutions must be reformed to manage resources rationally, hand-in-hand. Many of the studied decarbonization options have not reached a mature stage or have not been deployed at utility-scale today, and future work is required to better account for modeling and data uncertainty. Yet, models developed, used and presented in this study all reveal the existence of viable, cost-efficient options to enable meaningful decarbonization while alleviating water scarcity and air pollution. These strategies can only be achieved by combining central-scale coordination with local-scale implementation, to take advantage of China’s diverse and rich territory while minimizing risks. This dissertation provides new approaches for identifying realistic, affordable capacity expansion pathways, rigorously designed by mathematical optimization and large datasets, to reduce CO2 emissions related to the power sector in line with climate targets. The impact that China will have on climate change and its ability to ensure its long-term sustainability will depend on actual decisions and actions undertaken by governmental and private entities. The success of the clean energy transition is contingent on the country’s ability to encourage technological, economic and institutional innovation.

Download or read book The Political Economy of Clean Energy Transitions written by Douglas Arent and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 631 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A volume on the political economy of clean energy transition in developed and developing regions, with a focus on the issues that different countries face as they transition from fossil fuels to lower carbon technologies.

Download or read book Innovative Approaches towards Ecological Coal Mining and Utilization written by Jiuping Xu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-03-14 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover the most cutting-edge solutions to the environmental problems posed by coal In Innovative Approaches towards Ecological Coal Mining and Utilization, a distinguished team of researchers delivers a comprehensive and fulsome exploration of the ecological problems caused by coal mining and utilization. The book discusses environmental pollution and carbon emissions in the context of modelling coal engineering issues, the design of innovative coal engineering systems, and the evaluation of innovative coal mining systems. The authors consider the technical and economic viability of each proposed solution, making the book ideal reading for environmental and energy researchers in academic and industrial circles. Fully interdisciplinary, Innovative Approaches towards Ecological Coal Mining and Utilization offers readers an integrated look at the management science and policy simulation involved solutions to ecological problems caused by coal mining and utilization. The included resources make full use of expansive case studies to illustrate the concepts discussed in the book, as well as robust economic analyses of the various technologies. Readers will also discover: A thorough introduction to ecological coal mining and developing trends in ecological coal utilization Comprehensive explorations of innovative approaches in coal mining and a multiple coal seams-oriented equilibrium strategy towards coal-water conflict resolution Practical discussions of seasonal change-oriented dynamic strategies towards coal-water conflict resolution and GIS-oriented equilibrium strategies for coal gangue contamination mitigation In-depth examinations of carbon dioxide emission reduction in coal-fired power operations Perfect for environmental and water chemists, mining specialists, and chemical engineers, Innovative Approaches towards Ecological Coal Mining and Utilization will also prove to be an invaluable addition to the libraries of process engineers seeking the latest information on solutions to the environmental problems caused by coal mining and utilization.

Download or read book Wind and Solar Energy Transition in China written by Marius Korsnes and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-09-25 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the mobilisation of China’s wind and solar industries and examines the implications of this development to energy generation and distribution, innovation and governance. Unlike other publications that focus mainly on the formal policy landscape and statistics of industry development, this book delves deeper into the ways in which the wind and solar industries have evolved through negotiations made by the involved stakeholders, and how these industries play into larger Chinese development and policymaking interests. Overall, it sheds new light on the strategic development of China’s renewable energy industry, the flexible governance methods employed and the internal struggles which Chinese local, regional and central policymakers, and state-owned and private enterprises have faced. This book will be of great relevance to students and scholars of renewable energy technologies, energy policy and sustainability transitions, as well as policymakers with a specific interest in China.

Download or read book Grid and Market Integration of Large Scale Wind Farms Using Advanced Wind Power Forecasting Technical and Energy Economic Aspects written by Ümit Cali and published by kassel university press GmbH. This book was released on 2011 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: