Download or read book Modelling the Effects of Land Use Change and Climate Variability on the Hydrology of the Upper Nile written by Max Kigobe and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The River Nile is the second longest river in the world and its basin covers ten African countries including Uganda. In the light of growing human and industrial demand on its ecosystem, especially water resources, the need to support sustainable basin-wide resource management has risen over the recent past. Most economies in the Nile basin are dependent on rain-fed agriculture, which is strongly affected by climate. Therefore, the basin is vulnerable to a number of issues including land use change, climate change and climate variability. Other stress factors include rapid population growth, land degradation and the prevalence of human disease. These factors are likely to adversely impact on the basin ecosystem and agricultural productivity, which in turn affect the economic development in terms of food security, hydropower generation and provision of ecosystem services. It is imperative to conduct detailed hydrological assessment of the likely impact of land-use changes and climate variability on the hydrology of the Nile basin. This thesis therefore investigates the hydrological response to plausible climate and land use scenarios. This is carried out by testing climate and hydrological modelling tools for the Kyoga basin, within the Upper Nile. Climate modelling involved multi-site spatial and temporal modelling of rainfall in the Kyoga basin using stochastic tools under the Generalised Linear Modelling (GLM) framework. Climate modelling results showed that the structure of the GLM could not represent adequately the variability of rainfall over Kyoga, however, it could represent the variability within designated climatic zones. Assuming independence of the stochastic variability between zones in the Kyoga basin, GLM models for the Kyoga basin were then applied as statistical downs ea ling tools to generate future precipitation sequences conditioned on the results from six general circulation model (GCM) outputs for future climate (2020s, 2050s, 2080s) using results from the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) prepared by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for the Fourth Assessment Report (SRES-AR4). With regard to climate change, warming of the basin resulted in a general increase in precipitation patterns and the results from the use of GLMs suggest that it is likely to have a relatively wetter December - February (DJF), March - May (MAM), September - November (SON) seasons and a much dryer June - August (JJA) season. Hydrological modelling involved the development of a semi-distributed rainfall-runoff model using the Soil Water and Assessment Tool (SWAT), applied on a daily time-scale to investigate the uncertainty associated with precipitation and model parameter identification. The SWAT model was also used to assess the sensitivity of several water resources components to alternative/plausible climate and land use patterns in the Kyoga basin. Hypotheticalland use change scenarios showed that the water resource estimates in the Kyoga basin are sensitive to intensification of agriculture and less sensitive to increase in spatial coverage of grasslands and shrublands. A warmer climate is also associated with increase in potential evapotranspiration, soil water and internal renewable water resources in the Kyoga basin and stream flows at several locations in the basin. The results from this PhD work contribute towards the development of climate and hydrological modelling tools applicable to equatorial climates.

Download or read book Extreme Hydrology and Climate Variability written by Assefa M. Melesse and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-07-03 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extreme Hydrology and Climate Variability: Monitoring, Modelling, Adaptation and Mitigation is a compilation of contributions by experts from around the world who discuss extreme hydrology topics, from monitoring, to modeling and management. With extreme climatic and hydrologic events becoming so frequent, this book is a critical source, adding knowledge to the science of extreme hydrology. Topics covered include hydrometeorology monitoring, climate variability and trends, hydrological variability and trends, landscape dynamics, droughts, flood processes, and extreme events management, adaptation and mitigation. Each of the book's chapters provide background and theoretical foundations followed by approaches used and results of the applied studies. This book will be highly used by water resource managers and extreme event researchers who are interested in understanding the processes and teleconnectivity of large-scale climate dynamics and extreme events, predictability, simulation and intervention measures. Presents datasets used and methods followed to support the findings included, allowing readers to follow these steps in their own research Provides variable methodological approaches, thus giving the reader multiple hydrological modeling information to use in their work Includes a variety of case studies, thus making the context of the book relatable to everyday working situations for those studying extreme hydrology Discusses extreme event management, including adaption and mitigation

Download or read book The Impacts of Climate Change on Regional Water Resources and Agriculture in Africa written by Kenneth M. Strzepek and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper summarizes the methods and findings of the hydrological assessment component of the project studying likely impacts of climate change on water resources and agriculture in Africa. The first phase of the study used a version of a conceptual rainfall-runoff model called WatBal (Water Balance) applied to gridded data to simulate changes in soil moisture and runoff across the whole continent of Africa rather than to any particular catchment or water resource system. The model inputs were the climate variables of the 1961-90 climatology and physiological parameters (such as soil properties and land use) derived from global datasets for each of the 0.5 degree latitude/longitude cells across the continent. The primary model output comprised a time series (monthly time step) of simulated runoff for all the grid cells for each of the districts in the countries of interest. The second phase of the study extended the hydrology analyses to update the above hydroclimatic series to the year 2000 using updated input data. To ascertain the possible impacts of climate change within the districts being investigated this study used synthetic or GCM-based climate change scenarios as input to the WatBal model. The WatBal model was used to determine the impact of these different scenarios on runoff and actual evaporation and hence flow in the districts under study. The generated hydroclimatic series and scenario analyses were used as inputs into various Ricardian regressions in other analyses measuring likely impacts of climate change on the agricultural economies of Africa.

Download or read book Modelling of Global Change Impacts on Hydrology with Focus on Europe and Africa written by Martina Weiß and published by kassel university press GmbH. This book was released on 2009 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nile River Basin written by Assefa M. Melesse and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-02-13 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides a comprehensive overview of the hydrology of the Nile River, especially the ecohydrological degradation and challenges the basin is facing, the impact of climate change on water availability and the transboundary water management issues. The book includes analysis and approaches that will help provide different insights into the hydrology of this complex basin, which covers 11 countries and is home to over 300 million people. The need for water-sharing agreements that reflect the current situations of riparian countries and are based on equitable water- sharing principles is stressed in many chapters. This book explores water resource availability and quality and their trends in the basin, soil erosion and watershed degradation at different scales, water and health, land use and climate change impact, transboundary issues and water management, dams, reservoirs and lakes. The link between watershed and river water quantity and quality is discussed pointing out the importance of watershed protection for better water resource management, water accessibility, institutional set-up and policy, water demand and management. The book also presents the water sharing sticking points in relation to historical treaties and the emerging water demands of the upstream riparian countries. The need for collaboration and identification of common ground to resolve the transboundary water management issues and secure a win-win is also indicated.

Download or read book Nile River Basin written by Assefa M. Melesse and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-03-28 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents results of scientific studies ranging from hydrological modelling to water management and policy issues in the Nile River basin. It examines the physical, hydrometeorological and hydrogeological description of the basin along with analysis in understanding the hydrological processes of the basin under the changing land-use stemming from population pressure and increased natural resources tapping. The book discusses the increased impact of climate change on the river flows, and such issues as water availability and demand, management and policy to offset the imbalance between demand and available resources. This book will be of interest to researchers, practitioners, water resources mangers, policy makers as well as graduate and undergraduate students. It is a useful reference text for ecohydrology, arid zone hydrology, hydrology of transboundary rivers and similar courses.

Download or read book The Nile Waters written by Joseph Awange and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-19 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is useful to those in water resources management and policy formulations, hydrologists, environmentalists, engineers and researchers. Exploiting advanced statistical techniques and the latest state-of-the-art multi-mission satellites, surface models and reanalysis products, this book provides the first comprehensive weighing of the changes in the Nile River Basin’s (NRB: ~ 3,400,000 km2 ) stored waters' compartments, surface, soil moisture and groundwater, and their association to climate variability/change and anthropogenic impacts on the one hand. On the other hand, it argues on the need for equitable use of the NRB’s waters by all 11 countries within its basin, and doing away with obsolete Nile treaties that were signed by Britain, Egypt and Sudan, which prohibit the use of the Nile by 8 upstream countries. With Ethiopia’s construction of Africa’s largest dam (GERD; Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam) along the Blue Nile, which is expected to take several years to fill, the Nile is back on the news. Combined with Uganda’s Nalubaale, Kiira and Bujagali dams on the White Nile, these human-induced impacts (i.e., damming), coupled with those of climate variability/change, are expected to exacerbate tension with the low stream countries (Egypt and Sudan) fearing the cut in theNile’s total volume. Furthermore, the Nile river, arguably the world’s longest river (6800 km), impacts on the livelihood of over 300 million people of 11 countries within its basin. This population is expected to double in the next twenty-five years, thereby putting extreme pressure on its water resources. An in-depth analysis of changes in the Nile’s stored waters, therefore, is essential to inform its management and sustainable equitable use. Owing to its sheer size, however, obtaining in-situ data from “boots on the ground” is practically impossible, paving way to the space-based weighing of the Nile River Basin using a suite of high spatio-temporal remotely sensed and reanalysis products, as well as those of hydrological models. “Arguably, the Nile River is the most unique river in the world. It spans extremes of rainfall from being measured by meters to being measured by centimeters, from the humid tropics to the driest of deserts. Yet, thirsty people live throughout this basin and therefore the demands on its water resources are uneven. Knowing the water amounts throughout the entire Nile Basin is a critical step for governments and international treaties to avoid the “Tragedy of the Commons”. Africa can embrace this future through the leadership of Prof. Awange and others like him who have devoted their careers to Africa’s waters” —Doug Alsdorf, Ph.D., Professor of Geophysics at the Ohio State University (USA).

Download or read book A review of hydrology sediment and water resource use in the Blue Nile Basin written by Seleshi Bekele Awulachew and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2009-02-05 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This working paper has been prepared as one of the outputs of the ‘Improved water and land management in the Ethiopian Highlands and its impact on downstream stakeholders dependent on the Blue Nile’ project, supported by the CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF). It provides a comprehensive literature review; identifies types, sources and provides geo-referencing of data in the basin; compiles information of hydrology, sediment, and water resources and its uses. It also provides a review of applicable models for watershed and water allocation simulation, research methods, past studies and published material related to the Blue Nile. Extensive reference material and previous studies are compiled.

Download or read book Climate Variability and Change in Africa written by Jonathan I. Matondo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive overview of climate variability and change in Africa, and includes impact assessments and case studies from integration frameworks, with a particular focus on climate, agriculture and water resources. Richly illustrated, the book highlights case studies from western, eastern and southern African region, and explores related development policies. Climate change adaptation research, prediction, and reanalysis are also addressed

Download or read book The Impacts of Climate Change on Regional Water Resources and Agriculture in Africa written by Kenneth M. Strzepek and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper summarizes the methods and findings of the hydrological assessment component of the project studying likely impacts of climate change on water resources and agriculture in Africa. The first phase of the study used a version of a conceptual rainfall-runoff model called WatBal (Water Balance) applied to gridded data to simulate changes in soil moisture and runoff across the whole continent of Africa rather than to any particular catchment or water resource system. The model inputs were the climate variables of the 1961-90 climatology and physiological parameters (such as soil properties and land use) derived from global datasets for each of the 0.5 degree latitude/longitude cells across the continent. The primary model output comprised a time series (monthly time step) of simulated runoff for all the grid cells for each of the districts in the countries of interest. The second phase of the study extended the hydrology analyses to update the above hydroclimatic series to the year 2000 using updated input data. To ascertain the possible impacts of climate change within the districts being investigated this study used synthetic or GCM-based climate change scenarios as input to the WatBal model. The WatBal model was used to determine the impact of these different scenarios on runoff and actual evaporation and hence flow in the districts under study. The generated hydroclimatic series and scenario analyses were used as inputs into various Ricardian regressions in other analyses measuring likely impacts of climate change on the agricultural economies of Africa.

Download or read book Soil Hydrological Impacts and Climatic Controls of Land Use and Land Cover Changes in the Upper Blue Nile Abay Basin written by ERMIAS. TEFERI DEMESSIE and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-27 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human beings strongly depend on the sustainable availability of resources, such as food, water and energy. The continued supply of these resources can only be assured by sustainable land uses but these are easily threatened by inappropriate human activities. Human behavior is intermingled with hydrological, biogeochemical, atmospheric and ecological processes through land use and land cover change (LULCC). LULCC is a locally pervasive and globally significant environmental trend and has become a process of paramount importance to the study of global environmental change. This thesis investigates LULCC and its links with soil hydrology, soil degradation and climate variability through combining results from fieldwork, laboratory work and Remote Sensing. Seasonal, inter-annual and broad timescale land transitions are analyzed for a robust identification of biophysical change. The determinants of LULCC are determined using spatially explicit statistical modelling of most systematic land transitions. This thesis explores soil hydrological impacts of LULCC for a better soil water management. The thesis further explores the climatic factors leading to the observed trends in vegetated land cover for improved understanding of the link between climate and carbon fixation and water use by vegetation.

Download or read book Modelling Land use and Climate Change Impacts on Hydrology written by Georgia-Marina Tsarouchi and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hydrology and Water Resource Management Breakthroughs in Research and Practice written by Management Association, Information Resources and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2017-08-10 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A prime concern in contemporary environmental science is the proper management of water supply and usage. It is critical to develop effective processes to manage these resources and decrease negative impacts on the ecosystem. Hydrology and Water Resource Management: Breakthroughs in Research and Practice is an innovative source of scholarly research on the latest technologies and techniques in optimizing current processes in managing water resources. Highlighting a range of pertinent topics such as climate change, sustainability, and water treatment, this book is an ideal reference source for engineers, professionals, researchers, students, and academics interested in emerging trends within environmental science.

Download or read book Proceedings of the 2013 National Conference on Advances in Environmental Science and Technology written by Godfrey A. Uzochukwu and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-09-07 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ​This book contains peer reviewed papers accepted for presentation at the National Conference on Advances in Environmental Science & Technology. Topics include environmental regulations, groundwater remediation technologies, waste to energy, climate change, economics, environmental justice, fate and transport of contaminants, food bio-processing, innovative environmental technologies, sustainable energy and water resources and waste management. Federal agencies, private agencies and university professors set the stage for the September 12, 2013 National Conference on Advances in Environmental Science and Technology. The purpose of the National Conference on Advances in Environmental Science and Technology which was held in Greensboro, North Carolina, was to provide a forum for agencies to address advances in environmental science and technology including problems, solutions and research needs.

Download or read book TORUS 3 Toward an Open Resource Using Services written by Dominique Laffly and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-04-09 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, presented in three volumes, examines environmental disciplines in relation to major players in contemporary science: Big Data, artificial intelligence and cloud computing. Today, there is a real sense of urgency regarding the evolution of computer technology, the ever-increasing volume of data, threats to our climate and the sustainable development of our planet. As such, we need to reduce technology just as much as we need to bridge the global socio-economic gap between the North and South; between universal free access to data (open data) and free software (open source). In this book, we pay particular attention to certain environmental subjects, in order to enrich our understanding of cloud computing. These subjects are: erosion; urban air pollution and atmospheric pollution in Southeast Asia; melting permafrost (causing the accelerated release of soil organic carbon in the atmosphere); alert systems of environmental hazards (such as forest fires, prospective modeling of socio-spatial practices and land use); and web fountains of geographical data. Finally, this book asks the question: in order to find a pattern in the data, how do we move from a traditional computing model-based world to pure mathematical research? After thorough examination of this topic, we conclude that this goal is both transdisciplinary and achievable.

Download or read book Climate change impacts on hydrology and water resources of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin Ethiopia written by Kim, U., Kaluarachchi, J. J., Smakhtin, V. U. and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2008 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report evaluates the impacts of climate change on the hydrological regime and water resources of the Blue Nile River Basin in Ethiopia. It starts from the construction of the climate change scenarios based on the outcomes of several general circulation models (GCMs), uses a simple hydrological model to convert theses scenarios into runoff, and examines the impacts by means of a set of indices. The results, however uncertain with existing accuracy of climate models, suggest that the region is likely to have the future potential to produce hydropower, increase flow duration, and increase water storage capacity without affecting outflows to the riparian countries in the 2050s.

Download or read book The Nile Hydroclimatology written by Yasis Abbas Mohamed and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydroclimatology has emerged as a new discipline in line with increasing awareness of the connected nature of land-surface-atmosphere processes. Changes in landuse affect the atmospheric moisture conditions, not only locally but also at a continental scale. Similarly, climate change influences river basin hydrology and water resources. A good understanding of the atmospheric contribution to the regional water cycle is important for sound (integrated) water resources planning and management at river basin scale. The Nile Basin is characterized by increasing water demands in the downstream areas and high evaporation from the Upper Nile swamps. This has led to the planning and construction of river short-cut channels to intercept the water feeding the wetlands. Despite the importance of the wetlands to the local environment, and, it is thought, as a supplier of additional Nile water, its exact hydrology and its interaction with the climate is largely unknown. This study aims